Name :- Sunny Sankhla

Roll no. :- 20masolg20

Term Paper Of Sociological

Thinkers II

Submitted To :- Dr. Vinod

Arya

Date :- 22/11/2021
Topic :- What are the Strengths and Weaknesses which you have
experienced during the theoretical understanding in Sociology through the
courses Classical Sociological Thinkers, Sociological theories l and Sociological
Theories ll?
During the theoretical understanding in Sociology through the courses Classical Sociological
Thinkers, Sociological theories I and Sociological Theories II there were a lot of strengths and
weakness which I experienced :-

***) Classical Sociological Thinkers

In The theoretical understanding of Classical Sociological Thinkers , we understood the social
change that occurred in seventeenth and eighteenth century with the help of texts and theories
given by some famous and renowned Sociologists of that time among which the major were
Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim , Karl Marx , Max Weber .

We also studied how to establish relationship between development of philosophical orientation

in the context of the social change that occurred in seventeenth and eighteenth century.

In this we studied about the enlightenment period that is the enlightenment and Conservative
reaction . We aloo studied about the concept of positivism , hierarchy of Sciences and the Law of
Three stage s given by Auguste Comte(also known as the father of Sociology).

Emile Durkheim gave the idea of Division of Labor , Social fact , Suicide and religion.

Karl Marx gave the idea of Historical and Dialectical Materialism , Class and class struggle , Use
Value and Exchange Value , Alienation , and theory of Surplus Value.

Max weber gave the idea of Ideographic and nomothetic approaches , Verstehen , Ideal type ,
Social action , Class , Status and party , Power and Authority , Bureaucracy , protestant Ethic and
Capitalism

***) Sociological theories I

1.)Functionalist Theory :- Functionalism emphasizes  the consensus and order that exist in society,
focusing on social stability and shared public values. From this perspective, disorganization in the
system, such as deviant behavior, leads to change because societal components must adjust to
achieve stability.

2.)Structural functionalism :- Structural functionalism, in sociology and other social

sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships,
roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is
indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole.

3.) Conflict theory :- Conflict theory, first purported by Karl Marx, is  a theory that society is
in a state of perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources. Conflict
theory holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than by
consensus and conformity.
4.) Critical Theory :- Critical theory is any approach to social philosophy that   focuses on reflective
assessment and critique of society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power
structures. ... Horkheimer described a theory as critical insofar as it seeks "to liberate human
beings from the circumstances that enslave them."

***) Sociological theories II

1.)Symbolic Interactionism :- Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical perspective in
sociology that addresses the manner in which society is created and
maintained through face-to-face, repeated, meaningful interactions among
individuals. This article surveys past theory and research in the interactionist
tradition.

2.) Phenomenology :- Phenomenology is a philosophy of experience. ... The task

of the philosopher, according to phenomenology, is to describe the structures of
experience, in particular consciousness, the imagination, relations with other
persons, and the situatedness of the human subject in society and history.

3.) Dramaturgy :- Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective commonly used in micro-

sociological accounts of social interaction in everyday life. ... In dramaturgical
sociology, it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent
upon time, place, and audience.

4.) Ethnomethodology :- Ethnomethodology leans toward the analysis of social life with the
central focus being to describe how people put ordinary social activities together in orderly
recognizable way while including core concepts of ethnomethodology. The core concepts
are accountability, reflexivity, and indexicality.

5.) Micro Macro integration :- There are two strands of work on micro-macro
integration. The first involves attempting to integrate various micro and
macro theories, such as combining structural functionalism and symbolic
interactionism. The second involves creating theory that effectively combines the two
levels of analysis

Refrences :- www.google.com

www.googlescholar.com

Thanks