PEPERIKSAAN SEMESTER 3 MARKAH:

BIOLOGI TINGKATAN EMPAT

KERTAS DUA (2 JAM 3 MINIT)
NAMA: KELAS:
Bahagian A / Section A (60 markah/marks)
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. Answer all questions in this section.
1. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur sel haiwan di bawah mikroskop electron.
Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of an animal cell under an electron microscope.

Rajah 1.1 / Diagram 1.1

(a) Namakan struktur W dan X. / Name structure W and X.
________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
(b) Apakah yang berlaku jika sel haiwan kekurangan komponen sel X?
What happens if animal cell lacks cell component X?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) (i) Mitokondrion yang rosak dalam sel disingkir oleh komponen sel Y. Namakan Y.
A damaged mitochondrion in the cell is eliminated by cell component Y. Name Y.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Nyatakan satu enzim yang terdapat dalam Y. / State one enzyme that present in Y.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(d) Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan di bawah mikroskop electron.
Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of a plant cell under an electron microscope.

Rajah 1.2 / Diagram 1.2

Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara vakuol sel haiwan dengan vakuol sel tumbuhan.
State one difference between the vacuoles of animal and plant cells.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul glukosa merentasi membran plasma.
Diagram 2 shows the movement of glucose molecules across the plasma membrane.

Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
(a) Namakan X. / Name X.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(b) Mengapakah ion natrium atau kalium tidak dapat merentasi dwilapisan fosfolipid
membran plasma?
phospholipid bilayer of the plasma
membrane?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) (i) Namakan jenis pergerakan molekul glukosa merentasi membran plasma dalam Rajah 2
Name the type of movement of glucose movement across the plasma membrane in
Diagram 2.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Terangkan pergerakan molekul glukosa merentasi membran plasma.
Explain the movement of glucose molecules across the plasma membrane.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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[3 markah/marks]
3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur molekul glukosa.
Diagram 3 shows the molecular structure of glucose.

Rajah 3/Diagram 3
(a) Namakan unsur-unsur yang hadir dalam molekul glukosa.
Name the elements present in a glucose molecule.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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 (b) Glukosa dikelaskan sebagai monosakarida. Berikan satu ciri monosakarida.
Glucose is classified as a monosaccharide. Give one character of a monosaccharide.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) (i) Namakan proses penggabungan dua monosakrida untuk satu disakarida.
Name the process of combining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide.
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[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Terangkan proses dalam (c)(i). / Explain the process in (c)(i).
_____________________________________________________________________
[1markah/mark]
(d) Namakan disakarida yang terbentuk melalui penggabungan satu molekul glukosa dengan:
Name the disaccharide formed from combining one glucose molecule with:
(i) satu molekul fruktosa / one fructose molecule
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(ii) satu molekul galaktosa/ one galactose molecule
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
(e) Polisakarida terbentuk daripada beratus molekul monosakarida. Nyatakan satu ciri yang
berbeza polisakarida daripada monosakarida.
Polysaccharide is formed from hundreds of monosaccharide molecules. State one
character that differentiates polysaccharide from monosaccharide.
___________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
4. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sel soma suatu organisma.
Diagram 4.1 shows a somatic cell in an organism.

Rajah 4.1 / Diagram 4.1

(a) Namakan struktur Q, R, S dan T dalam Rajah 4.1.
Name structure Q, R, S and T in Diagram 4.1. [4 markah/marks]

(b) Namakan bahan yang membina struktur R.

Name the substance that makes up the structure R.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) Satu sel soma menjalani pembahagian sel seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom dalam ruang yang disediakan di bawah.
A somatic cell undergoes a cell division as shown in Diagram 4.2. State the behaviour of
the chromosomes in the spaces provided below.

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 Mitosis: metafasa / metaphase Meiosis: metafasa I / metaphase I

Perlakuan kromosom: Perlakuan kromosom:

Behaviour of chromosome: Behaviour of chromosome:

Rajah 4.2 / Diagram 4.2

[2 markah/marks]
5. Rajah 5 menunjukkan proses penghasilan satu enzim ekstrasel.
Diagram 5 shows the production process of an extracellular enzyme.

Rajah 5/ Diagram 5
(a) Namakan P dan Q dalam Rajah 5. Name P and Q in Diagram 5.
[2 markah/marks]
(b) Enzim ekstrasel ialah enzim yang disintesis di dalam sel tetapi dirembeskan ke luar sel.
Extracellular enzyme are enzymes are synthesised in cell but are secreted outside the cell.
(i) Namakan dua contoh enzim ekstrasel yang dihasilkan oleh pankreas.
Name two examples of extracellular enzyme produced by the pancreas.
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
(ii) Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap penghasilan enzim ekstrasel tersebut jika
P tidak berfungsi.
Explain what will happen to the production of the extracellular enzyme if P does not
function.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
(c) (i) Namakan satu enzim yang digunakan untuk menanggalkan kotoran minyak pada baju.
Name one enzyme used to remove oil stains on clothes.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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 (ii) Keberkesanan enzim yang dinyatakan di c(i) dapat ditingkatkan. Berikan cadangan
anda.
The effectiveness of the enzyme described in c(i) can be improved. Give your
suggestion.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
6. Rajah 6 menunjukkan jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa dua jenis respirasi.
Diagram 6 shows the amount of energy released during two types of respiration.

Rajah 6.1 / Diagram 6.1

(a) Nyatakan jenis respirasi M dan N. / State type of respiration M and N.
________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
(b) Mengapa jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa respirasi N lebih rendah daripada
jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa respirasi M?
Why is the amount of energy released during respiration N lesser than that released
during respiration M?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) (i) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. / Complete the table below
Situasi / Situation Jenis respirasi, M atau N yang berlaku dalam
sel otot
Type of respiration, M or N which occurs in
the muscle cells
Duduk dan menonton televisyen
Sitting down and watching television
Berlari dalam acara larian 100 meter
Running a 100-metre race
[2 markah/marks]

(ii) Nyatakan keadaan seseorang selepas menamatkan larian 100 m.

State the condition of a person after completing the 100-m race.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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 (iii) Kadar denyutan jantung bertambah daripada 70 kali per minit ke 120 minit per minit
semasa berlari dalam acara larian 100 m itu. Terangkan sebab mengapa.
The heartbeat rate increased from 70 beats per minute to 120 beats per minute when
she was running the 100-m race. Explain why.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]
7. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan system respirasi manusia.
Diagram 7.1 shows the human respiratory system.

Rajah 7.1 / Diagram 7.1

(a) Namakan bahagian X. Name part X.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(b) Nyatakan laluan udara dari rongga hidung ke dalam pepapru.
State the pathway of air from the nostrils into the lungs.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(c) Apakah kesan tar tembakau terhadap bahagian Y?
What is the effect of tobacco tar on part Y?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/mark]
(d) Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan struktur dalam peparu manusia.
Diagram 7.2 shows a structure in the human lungs.

Rajah 7.2 / Diagram 7.2

(i) Namakan bahagian Z. Name part Z.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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 (ii) Terangkan dua sifat struktur di 7(d)(i) yang meningkatkan kadar pertukaran gas.
Explain two characteristics of the structure in 7(d)(i) which increase the rate of
gaseous exchange.
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[4 markah/marks]
8. Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu keratan membujur jantung manusia.
Diagram 8 shows a longitudinal section of a human heart.

Rajah 8 / Diagram 8
(a) Namakan struktur berlabel. / Name the labelled structures.
K: _________________________________ L: _________________________________
M: ________________________________ N: _________________________________
O: ________________________________
[5 markah/marks]
(b) (i) Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara dinding X dengan Y dalam jantung.
State one difference between the walls X and Y of the heart.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di 8(b)(i).
Give one reason for your answer in 8(b)(i).
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[2 markah/marks]
(c) Nyatakan apa yang akan berlaku jika tekanan darah tinggi dalam arteri.
State what will happen if there is high blood pressure on the arteries.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

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 BAHAGIAN B [20 markah]
SECTION B [20 marks]

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Answer any one questions from this section.

9. (a) Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu arka refleks dalam badan manusia.
Diagram 9.1 shows a reflex arc in human body.

Rajah 9.1 / Diagram 9.1

Huraikan tindakan refleks dalam Rajah 9.1 / Describe the reflex action in Diagram 9.1.
[4 markah / marks]

(b) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan individu Y ternampak anjing secara tiba-tiba di hadapan dia. Dia
ketakutan dan berlari sepantas mungkin untuk menjauhkan diri daripada anjing tersebut.
Diagram 9.2 shows individual Y suddenly saw a dog in front of them. He was frightened and
ran as fast as he could to stay away from the dog.

Rajah 9.2 / Diagram 9.2

Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2 di atas, terangkan bagaimana penglibatan sistem saraf dan sistem
endokrin dalam situasi
Based on Diagram 9.2 above, explain how the involvement of the nervous system and
endocrine .
Kelenjar endokrin / Endocrine gland
Kadar denyutan jantung dan kadar pernafasan / Rate of heartbeat and respiratory rate
[6 markah / marks]

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c) Proses pengosmokawalaturan melibatkan kelenjar pituitari. Berdasarkan dua aktiviti yang
berbeza dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara isi padu air yang diminum dengan isi padu
urin yang dihasilkan. Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan dua individu Y dan Z, telah meminum air yang
berbeza isi padu dan menghasilkan isi padu urin yang berbeza.
Osmoregulation process involves gland pituitary. Based on the different activities was carried
out to study the relationship between the volume of water intake with the volume of urine
produced. Diagram 9.3 shows two individuals, Y and Z. Who drank different volume of water
and produced different volume of urine.

Individu Y / Individual Y Individu Z / Individual Z

Kurang air dan lebih garam dalam darah Lebih air dan kurang garam dalam darah
Less water and more salt in the blood More water and less salt in the blood
Rajah 9.3 / Diagram 9.3

Terangkan proses kawalatur kandungan air dan garam bagi individu Y dan Z.
Explain the regulation of water and salt content of individual Y and Z.
[10 mark / markah]
10. (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan dua jenis kembar. / Diagram 10.1 shows two types of twins.

Rajah 10.1 / Diagram 10.1

i. Terangkan kepentingan struktur H. / Explain the importance of H.

[4 marks / markah]
ii. Huraikan perbezaan antara kembar R dan kembar S.
Explain the difference between twin R and twin S.
[4 marks / markah]

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 iii. Kembar S dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat yang berbeza. Apabila dewasa, kembar S
mempunyai saiz badan yang berbeza. Jelaskan.
Twin S are raised by two different adopted families. When they are adult, twin S have
different body sizes. Explain.
[2 marks / markah]
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan tiga amalan sihat yang diamalkan oleh Puan E semasa mengandung.
Diagram 10.2 shows three healthy practices practiced by pregnant Mrs E.

Rajah 10.2 / Diagram 10.2

Terangkan kesan kepada fetus jika amalan sihat tersebut tidak diamalkan oleh ibu mengandung.
Explain the effects to the fetus if these healthy practices are not practiced by a pregnant mother.
[6 marks / markah]

(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan masalah kesuburan yang dihadapi oleh sepasang suami isteri, Encik F
dan Puan F.
Diagram 10.3 shows fertility problems faced by a couple of husband and wife, Mr F and Mrs F.

Rajah 10.3 / Diagram 10.3

Encik F dan Puan F merancang untuk mendapatkan anak. Cadangkan kaedah yang sesuai kepada
pasangan tersebut.
Mr F and Mrs F are planned to have babies. Suggest suitable methods to the couple.
[4 marks / markah]

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 BAHAGIAN C [20 markah]
SECTION C [20 marks]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Answer all questions from this section.

11. (a) Rajah menunjukkan hidangan makanan segera yang dihidangkan di restoran.
The figure shows a fast food dish served in a restaurant.

Bincangkan kesan kepada kesihatan jika seorang kanak-kanak mengambil makanan tersebut dalam
jangka masa panjang.
Discuss the effects on health if a child consumes the food in the long run.
[10 markah / marks]

(b) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keadaan individu yang berbeza.

The diagram below shows the different individual situations.

Cadangkan diet yang bersesuaian untuk mengekalkan tahap kesihatan mereka.

Give the appropriate dietary recommendations to maintain their health.
[10 markah / marks]
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
END OF QUESTION PAPER

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