NIPBXIM PXIKZOKQC
 HOBOMJOKIZ
 HOBOMJOKIZBX
BX NQCQZ KAXIK W
WAHIFIO
AHIFIO PAMGACXI
PAMGACXIM
M QJIXI

Joilukim umtuk cacamudo sinid situ tufis omjovoju

citi kunoid Hobcbmotbromf Nomfkumfim

JBWAM PAMFICPQ <

Krosjoyimti, W.Pj, C.Kas.

 MOP < 9?5:08859?4?079004

JOWQWQM BNAD <

FXIWANNI ZOQXCI ZBDIMF

 MOC < PB697709?0090

KANIW < 8.I (WACAWZAX OOO)

PBNOZAKMOK KAWADIZIM KACAMKAW LICHO

LQXQWIM KAWADIZIM NOMFKQMFIM

PXBJO WIMOZIWO JOPNBCI OOO

ZIDQM IKIJACOK 8080/8089

9
 

Nachir Pamfasidim

Citi Kunoid < Hobcbmotbromf Nomfkumfim

Lamos Priktak < Hobomjokitbr nucut karik sahifio pamgacirim ujiri
Zimffin < Kicos, 09 Bktbhar 8080
Nbkiso < Ln. Nomfkir sanitim OOO, XZ 95, MB 951, Kanuridim Zinimf Hikumf,
Kagicitim Licho Wanitim, Kbti Licho, 75971.
  Zimfkot nici,
nici, Nbrbmf Icpari

Nipbrim priktak omo tanid jo satuluo jim jo timji timfimo bnad <

Camfatiduo,

  Jbsam Pachochomf Kbbrjomitbr  

Krosjoyimti, W.Pj, C.Kas WBMJIMF WOIDIIM, W.Pj, C.WG

 MOP < 9?5:08859?4?079004  MOP< 9?5505969?44078088

8
 

KIZI
KIZI PAM
PAMFIM
FIMZIX 
ZIX 

Pulo syukur siyi pimlitkim

pimlitkim itis kadijorit
kadijorit Zudim _imf
_imf Cidi Asi kirami itis harkit jim
kirumoiMyi siyi jipit camyanasiokim nipbrim tamtimf pamfukurim vbnuca ujiriyimf jodisonkim

bnad tuchud-tuchudim
tuchud-tuchudim jamfim tapit wiktu. Nipbrim omo josusum
josusum harjisirkim
harjisirkim dison kafoitim
kafoitim
 piriktak jonipimfim.
Ijipum kafoitim tarsahut joniksimikim piji diro Kicos, 09Bktbhar 8080. Zojik cujid
 hifo siyi umtuk caniksimikim kafoitim priktokuc omo. Bnad kirami otu, siyi camfugipkim
tarocii kisod kapiji hipik Kros
taroc Krosjoyimt
joyimti,
i, W.Pj, C.Kas saniku jbsam pachochomf
pachochomf priktokuc jim
sanu
sanuru
rud
d podi
podik
k yi
yimf
mf micimy
micimyii toji
tojik
k hosi
hosi si
siyi
yi sa
sahut
hutki
kim
m si
situ
tu pa
parr si
situ
tu,, si
siyi
yi camf
camfug
ugipk
ipkim
im
tarocikisod himyik kirami tanid cachimtu siyi jinic prbsas pachuitim nipbrim omo, .
Wa
Wacb
cbfi
fi nipbr
nipbrim
im omo
omo ji
jipi
pitt jota
jotaro
roci
ci jim camji
camjipi
pitt ti
timf
mffip
fipim
im pb
pbso
soto
toee ji
jiro
ro jbsam
jbsam
 pachochomf sarti harfumi hifo pachigi kdusumyi tacim-tacim cidisoswi

Licho, 09 Bktbhar 8080

Pamyusum

7
 

—JIEZIX OWO

NACHIX PAMFAWIDIM.........................................................................................................8
KIZI PAMFIMZIX.................................................................................................................7
JIEZIX OWO................................................................................................................................:

HIH O < PAMJIDQNQIM..........................................................................................................1

9.9 Nitir Hanikimf..................................................................................................
Hanikimf........................................... ...............................................................
................
............1
....1
9.8 Zuluim...................................................................................................................................5
9.7 Cimeiit.................................................................................................................................5
HIH OO < ZOMLIQIM PQWZIKI...............................................................................................6
8.9 Hobomjokitbr, Jisir jim Kbmsap ....................................................
...........................................................................
...............................
...............
.......6
6
8.8 Nogdam sahifio Hobomjokiso kbmjoso nomfkumfim Zargacir....................................
Zargacir............................................
..............
......98
98
—HIH OOO < CAZBJBNBFO PXIKZOKQC................................................................................9:
HIH OU < DIWON JIM PACHIDIWIM..................................................................................91
:.9 Dison.....................................................................................................................................91
:.8 Pachidisim..........................................................................................................................91
HIH U < PAMQZQP...................................................................................................................94
1.9 Kasocpunim..........................................................................................................................94
1.8 Wirim.....................................................................................................................................94
JIEZIX PQWZIKI.................................................................................................................9?
JBKQCAMZIWO.......................................................................................................................80

:
 

HIH O
PAMJIDQNQIM

9.9 Pamjidunuim
Camomfkitmyi pamfirud imtrbpbfamok tardijip nomfkumfim cachutudim suitu parimfkit
 hobomjokiso sahifio paromfitim jomo. Pbnuso
P bnuso ujiri (omjustro, kamjiriim harcbtbr, kafoitim
k afoitim rucid
timffi) saparto ijimyi acoso fis-fis jim nbfic harit ka ujiri, sagiri ucuc carupikim takimim
tardijip nomfkumfim yimf camyahihkim suitu brfimosca itiu kbcumotis brfimosca camumlukim
suitu falini yimf ikut itiupum paruhidim kbcpbsoso kbcumotis (Gdipdakir 9?46 jo jinic
Cditra & pimkdurst 9??5).
Nucut karomf (Nogdam) carupikim sinid situ timicim yimf cujid tarpipir bnad pbnutim
ujiri yimf harisin jiro kafoitim cimusoi saparto fis-fis itiu citaro huimfim yimf harisin jiro
omjustro, kamjirim harcbtbr, itiupum yimf harisin jiro kafoitim partimoim cbjarm. Zimicim omo
carupikim timicim yimf ramtim tarpipir bnad pbnutim kirami tojik caconoko niposim panomjumf

nuir saparto piji timicim visgunir niommyi. Liromfimmyi cujid jopamatriso bnad zit-zit ijoktoe 
jiro nuir yimf saromf carupikim citaro yimf jipit camfigiukim sostac eosobnbfo piji timicim
omo.
omo. Vin
Viniupu
iupum,
m, iji hahari
haharipi
pi citaro
citaro tarsah
tarsahut
ut carupi
carupikim
kim citaro
citaroin
in asamso
asamsoin
in hifo
hifo eumfso
eumfso san.
san.
Kbmsakuamsomyi salucnid spasoas nogdam cunio camyusut jo jim sakotir kiwisim urhim itiu
omjustro (Firgoi at in. 8000).
Pamutupim nogdam piji hitimf-hitimf papbdbmim camomfkit sagiri hartidip saoromf jamfim
 pamurumim kbmsamtirso zit pbnutim saparto WB8 jim MB8 jo ujiri (Ximti 8009; Duntamfram
800:). Nogdam jipit jocimeiitkim sahifio paromfitim jomo ikim ijimyi takimim pbnuso ujiri
 piji suitu kiwisim jocimi hobti-hobti piji kiwisim tarsahut camfinico karusikim itiu
 hidkim cunio pumid (Waiwirj, 800:).
Nogdam carupikim timicim yimf jipit jofumikim sahifio omjokitbr kbmjoso nomfkumfim
yimf tarpipir bnad pbnutim. Nogdam yimf jopipir jamfim samyiwi hanarimf, bzbm, atonam jim
nbfic harit niommyi
niommyi sagiri cokrbskbpos
cokrbskbpos camyahihkim karusikim cachim ikohit
ikohit kahbgbrim
kahbgbrim
anagtrbnytas (Hrimquomdb at in. 9??6), pamfurimfim ebsebnbpoj (Hyagdak & Fusgdomi at in, 9???)
jim kimjumfim IZP (Hinifuar & Cimroqua, 9??9), parhiokim jafrijiso kimjumfim knbrbeon,
 pamurumim ebtbsomtasos, pamfotimim motbfam, jim
j im rasporiso (Kytbvooti & Grottamjam 9?4?). Nogdam
yimf
yimf tuchud
tuchud jo nbkiso
nbkiso yimf
yimf harsod
harsod,, katoki
katoki jotrim
jotrimspn
spniti
itiso
so ka kiwisi
kiwisim
m yimf tar
targac
gacir
ir ikim
ikim

camfinico kafifinim partuchudim sagiri ncoid (Firty at in, 9??6). Nogdam yimf tuchud jo

1
 

kiwisim
kiwisim jamfim ujiri harsod
harsod camumlukim
camumlukim parhajiim
parhajiim kiriktaros
kiriktarostok
tok eosobnbfo
eosobnbfoss jim pamutupim
pamutupim
johimjomfkim jamfim nogdam yimf dijor jo kiwisim yimf tanid tarkbmticomiso bnad pbnutim.

9.8 Zuluim 
Priktokuc omo hartuluim umtuk camfatiduo tomfkit pamutupim nogdam piji tuchudim omimf

yimf hariji piji pbdbm jo jakit linim riyi yimf ricio jim jo linim riyi yimf sapo.

9.7 Cimeiit.
Cime
Cimeii
iitt Diso
Disonn prikt
priktok
okuc
uc omo
omo jipit
jipit camum
camumli
limf
mf pacid
pacidic
icim
im cidi
cidiso
sosw
swii ta
tamt
mtimf
imf
 hobomjokitbr jim sahifio prikiloim tamtimf nogdam sahifio omjokitbr pbnuso ujiri.

5
 

HIH OO
ZOMLIQIM PQWZIKI

8.9 Hobomjokitbr, Jisir jim Kbmsap 

Hobomj
Hobomjoki
okitbr
tbr ijinid
ijinid brfimo
brfimosca
sca yimf yimf camuml
camumlukim
ukim sasmso
sasmsoto
tovot
votis
is itiu
itiu tbn
tbnari
arimso
mso

tardijip kbmjoso
tardijip kbmjoso nomfkumfim
nomfkumfim sadomffi cacumfkomkim
cacumfkomkim umtuk jofumikim sahifio init pamonio
kbmjoso nomfkumfim. Camurut Vottof (9??7) jo jinic Cditra & Pimkdurst (9??5) hobomjokitbr 
ijinid brfimosca, hifiom jiro suitu brfimosca itiu cisiyirikit suitu brfimosca (kbcumotis)
yimf
yimf camyajo
camyajoiki
ikim
m omebrc
omebrciso
iso tamtim
tamtimf
f kbmjoso
kbmjoso nomfku
nomfkumfim
mfim hiok
hiok sahifio
sahifioim
im itiu
itiu kasanu
kasanurud
rudim.
im.
Wpasoas omjokitbr ijinid spasoas yimf caconoko icpnotujb tardijip pamfirud situ itiu haharipi
eiktbr nomfkumfim yimf sacpot, bnad kirami otu kadijorimimyi jipit camfomjokisokim kbmjoso
no
nomfku
mfkumfim
mfim hiok
hiok sahifi
sahifioim
oim itiupu
itiupum
m kasanu
kasanurud
rudim
im (Innih
(Innihy
y 9??8 jo jinic
jinic CgFabg
CgFabgd
d 9??4).
9??4).
Wajimfkim CgFabgd (9??4) camjaeomosokim hobomjokitbr sahifio spasoas itiu kanbcpbk spasoas
yimf
yimf sagiri
sagiri gapit
gapit jipit
jipit camffic
camffichir
hirkim
kim kbmjos
kbmjosoo nomfkum
nomfkumfim
fim hiok
hiok ihobto
ihobtok
k ciupum
ciupum hobtok
hobtok;;
camffichirki
camffichirkim
m jicpik paruhidim nomfkumfim
nomfkumfim jiro sahuid dihotit, kbcumotis itiu akbsostac;
akbsostac;
itiu camfomjokisokim karificim jiro kanbcpbk tiksbm, itiu karificim sagiri ksanurudim jo
jinic suitu kiwisim.
Hobomjokiso camurut CgFabgd (9??4) jinic ipnokisomyi jokanbcpbkim ka jinic tofi
kitafbro yiotu<
9) Omjoki
Omjokitbr
tbr nom
nomfku
fkumfi
mfim
m (Amvor
(Amvorbca
bcamti
mtinn om
omjog
jogitb
itbr)
r) ijinid
ijinid spasoa
spasoass itiu
itiu kanbcp
kanbcpbk
bk spa
spasoa
soass yimf
yimf
timffi
timffip
p tardij
tardijip
ip nom
nomfku
fkumfi
mfim
m yimf
yimf rusik
rusik itiu
itiu paruhi
paruhidim
dim kbm
kbmjos
josoo nomfku
nomfkumfi
mfim.
m. Omjoki
Omjokitbr 
tbr 
nomfkumfim johifo nifo camlijo 1 yiotu samtomans, jataktbr, akspnbotar, ikucunitbr jim hobissiy
brfimoscs.
8) Omjokitbr
Omjokitbr akbn
akbnbfos
bfos (Agbnbfog
(Agbnbfogin
in omjogitbro)
omjogitbro) yiotu kiriktaro
kiriktarostok
stok tiksbm
tiksbm itiu kanbcpbk yimf samsotoe 
samsotoe 
umtuk
umtuk camfojamto
camfojamtoeokis
eokisokim
okim eikt
eiktbr
br takimim
takimim nomfkumfi
nomfkumfim,
m, yimf camffichirk
camffichirkim
im pamfirud
pamfirud jiro
takimim-takimim omo tardijip hobti jim timffipimmyi jowikono bnad sajokot tiksbm yimf iji piji
dihotit tarsahut.
7) (7) Omj
Omjoki
okitbr
tbr kaimak
kaimakiri
irific
ficim
im di
diyit
yitoo (Hobjo
(Hobjovar
varsot
soty
y omjogi
omjogitbr
tbr)) iji
ijinid
nid kanbcp
kanbcpbk
bk tiksbm
tiksbm itiu
itiu
kanbcpbk
kanbcpbk eumfsobmi
eumfsobminn jocimi
jocimi karificimm
karificimmyi
yi jipit
jipit camffichir
camffichirkim
kim haharipi
haharipi ukur
ukurim
im tamtimf
tamtimf
karificim (kiyiim lamos, kakiyiim soeit jim amjocosotis) tiksbm jo itismyi jinic sahuid dihotit
itiu kanbcpbk
kanbcpbk dihotit.
dihotit. Omjokitb
Omjokitbrr hobjovars
hobjovarsotis
otis jipit johajikim
johajikim camlijo 7 kanb
kanbcpbk
cpbk yiot
yiotu
u
kanbcpbk raearamso, kanbcpbk kumso jim kanbcpbk ebgin

6
 

Krotaroi ucuc umtuk camatipkim suitu brfimosca jofumikim sahifio omjokitbr ijinid <
(9) Ziksbm yimf nahod tomffo jim/itiu nahod tomffo, joponod tiksbm imf tanid jokatiduo sagiri jation
jim tiksbmbcomyi lanis jim cujid umtuk joojamtoeokiso; (8) Hobnbfo brfimosca tarsahut jokitiduo
jamfim hiok, caconoko raspbm yimf hiok tardijip eiktbr takimim itiu paruhidim soeit dihotit; (7)
Br
Brfim
fimos
osca
ca tars
tarsah
ahut
ut ta
tars
rsaj
ajoi
oi sa
sagir
girii cano
canocp
cpid
id,, cuji
cujid
d jo
josu
surv
rvao
ao jim jo
joci
cimo
mopu
puni
niso
so;; (:
(:))
Zarjos
Zarjostro
trohus
husoo jinic
jinic ruimf
ruimf jim wiktu;
wiktu; jim (1) Harkbr
Harkbrani
aniso
so jamfim
jamfim kuit jamfim
jamfim kbcumo
kbcumotis
tis

kasanurudim jim loki tojik harkbraniso kuit jamfim eiktbr takimim (Dbjkomsbm & Ligksbm 8001).

4
 

Hobomjokiso jipit canoputo haharipi viroiso skini jiro ispak cikrbcbnakun, san, brfim,
brfimosca, pbpuniso, sicpio hobgbambsos (akbsostac). Wadomffi hamtuk hobomjokiso canoputo < (9)
raikso hobkoci jim eosobnbfos; (8) pamyocpimfim hamtuk imitbcos, cbrebnbfos, hobrotca jim
tomfkid niku jiro kbmjoso mbrcinmyi, (7) paruhidim enbrostok, eiumostok, pbpuniso sagiri harurutim

?
 

(krbmbnbfos), (:) paruhidim akbsostac itiuipum kbchomiso akbsostac, (1) paruhidim hamtuk jim
eumfso akbsostac, jim (5) paruhidim jiro soeit nimsakip (Cditra & Pimkdurst 9??5).
Zopaa omjoki
Zop omjokitbr
tbr sagiri
sagiri ucuc
ucuc johaji
johajikim
kim camlij
camlijoo tofi
tofi kanbcp
kanbcpbk
bk yiotu
yiotu < (9) Omjoki
Omjokitbr 
tbr 
(kadijoirim jim ihamsomyi camyocpunkim tamtimf parcisinidim nomfkumfim, sagiri kuimtotioe 
 lirimf). (8) Wpasoas ulo (timffipimmyi camfomjokisokim tamtimf parcisinid yimf nuis, spasoas ulo
ucucmyi caconoko stimjirjosiso yimf tomffo), (7) Cbmotbr (camyajoikim hukto ikim ijimyi
 paruhidim, kasocpunim kuimtotioe hoisimyi cumfkom caninuo kinohriso). Cbmotbr tarjoro jiro
cbmot
cbmotbr
br iktoe
iktoe (brfim
(brfimosc
oscaa cbmot
cbmotbr
br yimf tarsaj
tarsajoi
oi jamfim
jamfim gapit
gapit jo inic)
inic) jim cbmotb
cbmotbrr pisoe 
pisoe 
(brfimosca cbmotbr yimf joomtbjukso). Cbmotbr pisoe tarjoro jiro raiktbr (timffipimmyi ijinid
 paruhidim eumfso itiu raikso) jim ikucuntbr raspbmyi joicito jiro ikucuniso pbnutim (Dbrmhy
& Hitacim 9??5).
Pamfachimfim sostac hobomjokitbr jipit jonodit sahifio duhumfim tochin hinok imtiri
eiktbrr nomfkumfim
eiktb nomfkumfim jamfim piricatar hobnbfos.
hobnbfos. Kiriktaros
Kiriktarostok
tok hobnbfos
hobnbfos joimtiri
joimtiri ijinid kbcpbsoso

 lamos, falini karusikim suitu brfimosca, tuhud yimf tarkbmticomiso pbnutim, omjukso jim
 pamfdichitim amzoc (Wtriinam 9??5). Aeaktovotis suitu hobomjokitbr tarfimtumf piji kakuitim
duhumfim imtiri eiktbr nomfkumfim jim pipicatar hobnbfos. Omtarikso mitiri kajui piricatar omo
jipit jonidit piji Fichir 8.

90
 

8.8 Nogdam sahifio Hobomjokiso kbmjoso nomfkumfim Zargacir

Pamfiru
Pamfirud
d kbmsat
kbmsatris
risoo pbnuti
pbnutim
m yimf
yimf tarjipi
tarjipitt jo ujiri
ujiri camyahi
camyahihki
hkim
m parkac
parkachim
himfim
fim
omjoki
omjokitbr
tbr nomfku
nomfkumfim
mfim camlij
camlijoo 8 kanbcp
kanbcpbk
bk hasir
hasir yiotu
yiotu < omjogi
omjogitbr
tbr spagoa
spagoass (brfim
(brfimosc
oscaa yimf
yimf
caconoko samsotovotis tomffo tardijip pipirim pbnutim) jim omjogitbr prbgassas, yiotu prbsas yimf
tarlijo piji brfimosca yimf caonoko samtovotis yimf tomffo tardijip pbnutim (Cditra & Pimkdurst
9??5).
Pacipirim samyiwi-samyiwi harigum saparto hidim kocoi pbnutim jinic tacpb yimf
nici ikim camyahihkim haharipi omtarikso imtiri brfimosca (tuchudim) jamfim eiktbr pamakim
(strass eigtbr). Piji tomfkit iwin pamfirud omo tarlijo piji tomfkit hobkocoi jim prbsas sanunir.
Iwinn omtari
Iwi omtarikso
kso itiu
itiu „sdbgki
„sdbgkihsb
hsbrho
rhomf–
mf– cacpamf
cacpamfiru
irudo
do aeak
aeak eos
eosobn
obnbfo
bfoss sapart
sapartoo ebtbso
ebtbsosmt
smtaso
asos,
s,
trimsporis
trimsporiso,
o, rasporiso
rasporiso,, prbsas
prbsas partuchudim
partuchudim jim raprbjuktoe
raprbjuktoe.. Aeak eosobnbfo
eosobnbfoss omo jopamfirudo
jopamfirudo bnad
struktur JMI jim krbcbsbc yimf joikohitkim bnad cbjoeokiso jim ikdor avbnuso jiro suitu
tuchudim yimf cicpu hartidim tardijip takimim.

  Nogdam ijinid brfimosca yimf camyarupio tuchudim yimf tarsusum jiro nifi doliu
(gyimb
(gyimbhig
higtar
tarouc
ouc,, pdbtbho
pdbtbhobmt
bmt)) jamfim
jamfim licur
licur (cygbho
(cygbhobmt
bmt).
). Zdinno
Zdinno camfin
camfinico
ico pamfdo
pamfdonim
nimfim
fim
gu
guto
togn
gnas
as,, stbc
stbcit
iti,
i, ji
jim
m eumf
eumfso
so ik
ikir
ir,, mi
micu
cum
m jacok
jacokoi
oim
m no
nogd
gdam
am caco
caconk
nkoo ae
aeak
akto
tovo
voti
tiss so
sost
stac
ac
 pamfichonim mutroso jim caconoko kacicipuim tomffo umtuk camyarip jim canipis ior sagiri
gapit (Pimjbneomo at in. 9??5).
Nogdam sagiri ucuc jipit jotaroci sahifio hobomjokitbr yimf pamtomf yimf jofumikim
sagiri nuis sahifio omjokiso pamgacirim ujiri, saparto nbfic, mbm nbfic, rijobmuknobtoji, jim
citaroin
citaroin brfimok. Pbnutim yimf harigum
harigum jipit carigumo brfimosca
brfimosca yimf nahod samsotoe
samsotoe sadomffi
camyahihkim
camyahihkim paruhidim
paruhidim partuchudim
partuchudim pbpuniso piji sahifi
sahifioim
oim suhstrit.
suhstrit. Micuc jacokoim
jacokoim
nogda
nogdam
m cicp
cicpu
u camfa
camfach
chim
imfki
fkim
m st
stri
rita
tafo
fo ha
hart
rtid
idim
im yi
yimf
mf ji
jipit
pit camy
camyar
arip
ip ja
jamfi
mfim
m ga
gapit
pit,,
camfki
camfkiucu
ucunis
nisoo sagiri
sagiri socunt
socuntim,
im, haharip
haharipii pbnuti
pbnutim
m jo jinic
jinic tdinno
tdinno.. Hahari
Haharipi
pi sicpna
sicpna yimf
yimf
jokuc
jokucpun
punki
kim
m jiro
jiro ki
kiwi
wisi
sim
m urhi
urhim
m ji
jim
m su
such
char
ar acos
acosoo om
omjus
justr
troo camu
camuml
mluk
ukim
im pa
pamo
momfk
mfkit
itim
im
kbmsamtriso pbnutim, jocimi duhumfim cachamtuk pbni nbfirotcok jim camfinico pamurum piji
kiwisim yimf tojik targacir.
Wpaso
Wpasoas
as Pa
Pant
ntof
ofar
arii gi
gimo
momi
mi,, P ruea
rueasg
sgam
ams,
s, Gn
Gnij
ijbm
bmoi
oi eu
eurg
rgit
iti,
i, G. oc
ocpn
pnax
axi,
i, G. um
umgo
goin
inos
os,,
Gbrmoguniroi igunaiti carupikim hobomjokitbr yimf hiok umtuk Ph jim \m. Nagimbri gisgijamos,
Qchogoniroi pdiai, Igirbspdbri gdnbrbpdimi jim N canimbpdtinci jokamin sahifio hobomjokitbr 

kanocpidim Gu ( Pimjbneomo at in. 9??5). Nagimbri itri camumlukim kbmsamtriso yimf tomffo

99
 

tardijip Cf jim Ea jo tdinnomyi. Xicinomi nigari carupikim omjokitbr paromfitim jomo umtuk 
camjaykso takimim pbnuso ujiri (Vaosscim at in. 8005). Wpasoas omo camumlukim raspbm XBW
(raiktova bxyfam spagoas) jiro dison omtarikso jamfim pbnutim jo ujiri jamfim camfdisonkim
iktovo
iktovotis
tis imtobk
imtobksoj
sojim,
im, micum
micum jinim
jinim limfki
limfki pimlimf
pimlimf camyahi
camyahihki
hkim
m kar
karusi
usikim
kim sanuni
sanunir.
r. Jinic
Jinic
 pargbhiim omo camumlukim pamomfkitim risob knbrbeon i/knbrbeon h piji nogdam yimf jopipir 
jamfim pbnutim.

98
 

HIH OOO
CAZBJBNBFO PXIKZOKQC

Zulu
Zuluim
im < iifi
firr cid
cidis
isos
oswi
wi camf
camfat
atid
iduo
uo ji
jim
m cac
cacid
idic
icoo cam
camfa
fami
mioo nnuc
ucut
ut ka
kari
rik
k (No
(Nogd
gdam
am))
sahifio hobomjokiso jinic pamgacirim ujiri.
Nbki
Nbkiso
so < LLnn. Nom
Nomfk
fkir
ir san
anit
itim
im OOO,
OOO, XZ 95,
95, MB
MB 951
951,, Kan
Kanur
urid
idim
im Zin
Zinim
imf
f Hik
Hikum
umf,
f,
Kagicitim Licho Wanitim, Kbti Licho, 75971.
  Nbrbmf Icpari
Diro < Kicos
Zimffin < 09 Bktbhar 8080
Viktu < 06.70 VOH s/j 04.00 VOH

i. Init jim Hi
Hidim

9) Ki
Kica
cari
ri dim
dimjp
jpdb
dbma
ma
8) Catarim
7) Init tu
tunos

 h. Prbsajur karli

9) Zam
Zamtuk
tukim
im nbk
nbkiso
iso pa
pamfi
mficit
citim
im
8) Woip
Woipki
kim
m ini
initt jim
jim hi
hidi
dim
m
7) Qkur lir
lirik
ik jiro rucid
rucid ka pbdbm tarsahu
tarsahut,
t, ninu gitit
gitit ka jinic huku
huku tunos
tunos dison jiro
jiro lirik 
yimf tanid jo ukur tarsahut.

:) Icito pbd
pbdbm
bm tarsahut
tarsahut sagiri tanoto
tanoto umtuk
umtuk camfatiduo
camfatiduo ipikid
ipikid jo pbdbm tar
tarsahu
sahutt tarjipit
tarjipit
nucut karik itiu tojik.
1) Kacuj
Kacujoim
oim dotumfnid
dotumfnid lucnid
lucnid satoip
satoip kamjiriim
kamjiriim yimf
yimf canilu jo ja
jakit
kit pbdbm
pbdbm tarsah
tarsahut
ut sanici
situ camot
5) Nikuk
Nikukim
im din
din yimf
yimf ssici
ici piji pbdbm
pbdbm yimf
yimf niom
niom

g. Pa
Pani
niks
ksim
imii
iim
m kafoi
kafoiti
tim
m
Nbkiso umtuk pamficitim nogdam joponod harjisirkim tomfkit pamgacirim kiwisim tarsahut jim
 lirik jiro suchar utici pbnutim. Harjisirkim krotaroi omo ciki joponod kiwisim-kiwisim sahifio

 harokut < Linim Xiyi XH.Woifoim jim Nbrbmf Icpari

97
 

HIH OU
DIWON JIM PACHIDIWIM

:.9 Dison
Jitii dison
Jit dison pamfic
pamficiti
itim
m nuisim
nuisim nogdam
nogdam piji hitimf
hitimf pbdbm
pbdbm jo jui nbkiso
nbkiso yimf harhaj
harhajii
jotumlukim piji Zihan 9 jo hiwid omo.

Zihan 9. dison priktokuc pamficitim nucut karik sahifio hobomjokitbr pamgacirIm ujiri
Lirik jiro rucid Joicatar Nucut
Nbkiso Himyikmyi kamjiriim ka pbdbm
nucut:,1 gc (jinic
Linim Xiyi, Linim  lucnid yimf himyik)
himyik) jim
XH.WOIFOIM 71 kamjiriim/camot 800c 71gc
Parucidim Uonni Hikumf Zojik tarjipit nucut karik 
Dircbmy, Zinimf Hikumf 7 kamjiriim/camot 9kc

:.8 Pachidisim
Harjisirkim
Harjisirkim Zihan 9. jo itis camuml
camumlukim
ukim hidwi parhajiim
parhajiim nbkiso yimf jo
joisucs
isucsokim
okim
jamfim parhajiim tomfkit pamgacirim ujiri camumlukim pamfirud yimf harhaji-haji tardijip
 pamutupim nogdam piji pdbm yimf joicito.
Harjisirkim Zihan 9. pamutupim nogdam tartomffo tarjipit jo sakotir nbkiso linim riyi jim
 pamutupim tarkagon joparbnad jo kbcpnak parucidim. Pamutupim nogdam piji nbkiso yimf harhaji
tomfkit pamgacirimmyi ujiri camumlukim pamfirud yimf harhaji.
  Din omo sasuio
sasuio jamfim pamjipit
pamjipit Vbntar
Vbntarhaa
haak
k at in. (8007) hidwi nogdam
nogdam tan
tanid
id nici
nici

jofumi
jofumikim
kim sahifio
sahifio brfimo
brfimosca
sca omjoki
omjokitbr
tbr tardiji
tardijipp paruhid
paruhidim
im ujiri.
ujiri. Mic
Micuc
uc ucucmy
ucucmyii yimf
jofumikim sahifio jiti ijinid kalijoim spasoas nogdam (kaimakirific lamos) piji suitu nbkiso.
Duhumfim
Duhumfim imtiri
imtiri kakiyiim
kakiyiim lamos jim kbmsamtriso
kbmsamtriso pbnutim (Wb8) jo ujiri camumlukim
camumlukim pbni yimf
sajardimi jocimi pamurumim kbmsamtiriso samyiwi omo ikim camurumkim lucnid nogdam lamos
motrbpdytog.
Wagiri
Wagiri ucuc
ucuc camomf
camomfkit
kitmyi
myi kbmsatr
kbmsatriso
iso samyiw
samyiwii tbksok
tbksok jo ujiri
ujiri ikim
ikim camomf
camomfkit
kitkim
kim
ik
ikuc
ucun
unis
isoo samy
samyiw
iwi-
i-sa
samy
myiw
iwii ta
tars
rsah
ahut
ut piji
piji tuhu
tuhud
d no
nogd
gdam
am.. Ikuc
Ikucun
unis
isoo pb
pbnu
nuti
tim
m om
omoo ikim
ikim
cacharokim jicpik piji kiriktar cbrebnbfo jim eosobnbfo nogdam. Wamyiwi-samyiwi catin jiro
ujiri
ujiri ikim
ikim camfiko
camfikohit
hitkim
kim paruhid
paruhidim
im ukurim
ukurim jim katahi
katahinim
nim tdinno
tdinnoin,
in, kapijit
kapijitim
im rdozom
rdozomin,
in,
katahinim ranitoe niposim licur jim infi (Hrbwm 9??9 jo jinic Vbntarhaak at in. 8007). Piji

9:
 

 haharipi kisus umtuk nogdam yimf tarpipir pbnutim camfinico paruhidim cbrebnbfo saparto
 pamurumim ukurim tdinno jim pimlimf rdozomin, partuchudim rdozomin nahod pijit (johimjomfkim
jamfim pargihimfim yimf nahod himyik), tdinno yimf nahod tahin, jim nipiosim infi yimf ranitoe 
nahod tahin johimjomfkim jamfim niposim licur. Cakimosca omo carupikim usidi partidimim joro
nogdam tardijip karigumim sagiri inico.
Pbnuso
Pbnuso ujiri
ujiri sagiri
sagiri nuis
nuis harkbr
harkbrani
aniso
so jamfim
jamfim kanocp
kanocpidim
idim jim kakiyii
kakiyiim
m lamos
lamos nog
nogdam
dam..
 Micuc, harjisirkim pamanotoim Uim Jbhham at in. (8009) jo jinic Vbntarhaak at in. (8007)
kaimakirificim diyito nogdam tojik jopamfirudo bnad suneit, icbmouc, jim motit tipo jopamfirudo
bnad kbmsamtriso WB8 jim MB8.
Pr
Prbs
bsas
as eoso
eosobn
bnbf
bfos
os camu
camuru
rutt Vbnt
Vbntar
arha
haak
ak at in
in.. (8
(800
007)
7) yi
yimf
mf ta
tarl
rlij
ijoo jo
jocu
cuni
nioo ja
jamfi
mfim
m
 pamucpukim nbfic yimf
y imf camomfkit sadomffi camyahihkim fimffuim prbsas kadojupim pamtomf
(catihbnosca). Aeak nahod nimlut tarlijo pamyocpimfim prbjukso amzoc jim iktovotis cachric
(Erimz
(Erimzna
na 8007).
8007). Ikohit
Ikohitmyi
myi tarlij
tarlijoo pamurum
pamurumim
im partuc
partuchudi
hudim
m pbpunis
pbpunisoo piji
piji hahari
haharipi
pi cajoi
cajoi

(Xogdijsbm 9??9 jo jinic Pimjbneomo at in. 9??4).

 Aeak pbnutim tardijip nogdam tarfimtumf piji haharipi eiktbr imtiri niom< kbmsamtriso
 pbnutim, parobja jim nici pacipirim, kanachihim ujiri (samsotovotis camomfkit jamfim
camomfkitmyi kanachihim) sarti trimsear pbnutim ka jinic citaro niom (Erimzna 8007).
Kirikt
Kiriktaro
arosto
stok
k imitbco
imitbcoss jim cbrebn
cbrebnbfo
bfoss nogdam
nogdam sagiri
sagiri ucuc
ucuc camuml
camumlukim
ukim parhaji
parhajiim
im
eambtoe
eambtoe jim tomfkit
tomfkit tbnaramso
tbnaramso cisomf-cis
cisomf-cisomf
omf lamos nogdam. Cbrebnbfo
Cbrebnbfo nogdam tarfimtumf
tarfimtumf tardijip
tardijip
tacparitur
tacparitur,, gidiyi, pamfichonim
pamfichonim fis, aeosoamso
aeosoamso pacimieiitim
pacimieiitim ior. Komarli cbrebnbfo
cbrebnbfo nogdam
nogdam
(partuchudim) lufi simfit tarkiot jamfim kbmsamtriso WB8 jo itcbsear jim parostowi dulim isic.
Partuc
Partuchud
hudim
im nogdam
nogdam lufi
lufi jopamfi
jopamfirud
rudoo bnad
bnad cusoc,
cusoc, jocimi
jocimi piji
piji cusoc
cusoc hisid
hisid kagapit
kagapitim
im
 paruchudimmyi tomffo. Wuneur, enbur jim bzbm lufi cacpamfirudo paruhidim untristruktur 
nogdam.
Woei
Woeit-
t-so
soei
eitt eoso
eosobn
bnbfo
bfoss jim cbre
cbrebn
bnbf
bfos
os caru
carupik
pikim
im pi
piri
rica
cata
tarr pamto
pamtomf
mf ji
jini
nic
c pr
prbs
bsas
as
ikiucu
ikiucunis
nisoo nbfic.
nbfic. Bnad
Bnad kirami
kirami otu pamfic
pamficiti
itim
m no
nogdam
gdam sahifi
sahifioo hobomj
hobomjoki
okitbr
tbr tojik
tojik dimyi
dimyi
camjis
camjisirk
irkim
im piji ikucun
ikucuniso
iso pbnuti
pbnutim
m yimf tarjip
tarjipit
it jinic
jinic nog
nogdam
dam tat
tatipo
ipo lufi
lufi canohi
canohitkim
tkim
 haharipi kirikatrostok cbrebnbfos jim eosobnbfos nogdam
nogdam (Vbntarhaak at in. 8007).
Wtimjirjosiso pamficitim nogdam sahifio hobomjokitbr tomfkit pamgacirim ujiri dirus
cacparditokim din-din sahifio harokut< (9) kbmsostamso suhstrita pamfichonim jiti harjisirkim

 partochimfim cokrb-nomfkumfim (cogrbamvorbcamtin), sahif

sahifio
io gbmtbd nogdam yimf ikim joichon

91
 

jolijokim sicpan joichon piji situ hitimf pbdbm itiu piji salucnid pbdbm sagiri tarhitis; (8)
Pbdbm yimf ikim jolijokim umot sicpnomf carupikim pbdbm yimf sbnotar itiu hariji jo nuir 
tafikim
tafikim.. Zafiki
Zafikim
m yimf
yimf ripit
ripit hoisim
hoisimyi
yi partuc
partuchudi
hudim
m nog
nogdam
dammyi
myi tar
tardic
dichit
hit kirami
kirami omt
omtams
amsoti
otiss
gidiyimyi
gidiyimyi ramjid; (7) Kipisotis hueear kunot hitimf pbdbm dirus joparditok
joparditokim.
im. Kaisicim
Kaisicim kunot
 hitimf cacpamfirudo kadijorim nogdam piji hitimf tarsahut kirami kaisicim (kipisotis
 hueearmyi ramjid) harhimjomf harhimjomf tarhinok jamfim kadijorim nogdam; (:) Kiriktarostok 
cbrebnbfo hitimf (yimf tarkiot jamfim pbni inorim hitimf (stacenbw) dirus joparditokim. Pbdbm
jamfim pbni inorim htimf yimf harhaji dirus jocisukim jinic kbmjoso cokrbnomfkumfim yimf
 harhaji sadomffi tojik jipit jopatikim; (1) kiriktarostok lamos nogdam lufi dirus joparditokim,
kirami cisomf-cisomf spasoas caconoko tomfkit tnarimso imfhahajihaji tardijip strass pbnuso.
Dbcbfamotis kbcumotis nogdam lufi jipit josahihkim bnad parhajiim partuchudim prbpifun
itiu kbcpatoso omtarspasoeok; (5) Parobja wiktu pamonioim tomfkit pbnuso tardijip enbri nogdam
 harhaji-haji tarfimtumf piji tomfkit aeak dostarosos kunot hitimf kiyu (Erimzna 8007).

Harjisirkim
Harjisirkim partochimfi
partochimfim-parto
m-partochimfi
chimfim
m jo itis ciki stimjirjos
stimjirjosiso
iso pamficitim
pamficitim nogdam
nogdam
sahifio hobomjokitbr pamgacirim ujiri dirus camjisirkim piji< (9) kasarificim kiriktarostok 
cokrb-nomfkumfim (omtamsotis gidiyi, suchar pamgacir); (8) kiriktarostok kunot hitimf pbdbm
sahifio omimf (kipisotis hueear, cbrebnbfo kunot hitimf); jim (7) kbcpbsoso jim lamos enbri nogdam
yimf ikim jolijokim umot sicpnomf.
Nogdam ucuc jofumikim sahifio hobcbmotbromf itiupum hobomjokitbr pbnuso ujiri (Firty
9??7 jo jinic Pimjbneomo at in. 9??4). Kirami nogdam simfit paki jim caraspbm jamfim gapit
tardijip kbmjoso ujiri yimf targacir (Xiscussam at in. 9?44 jo jinic Pimjbneomo at in. 9??4;
Erimza 8007). Wahifio hobomjokitbr nogdam caconoko kacicpuim tartimji umtuk hobikucuniso
jiro haharipi kbcpbmam pamgaciri tarutici WB8, tarjostrohuso jamfim nuis sagiri inico jim
viroiso cusocim hobcissi jim cbrebnbfo yimf ranitoe stihon (Pimjbneomo at in. 9??4).

95
 

HIH U
PAMQZQP
1.9 Kasocpunim
9) Aeak
Aeak pbnuti
pbnutim
m tardiji
tardijip
p nogdam
nogdam tarfimtum
tarfimtumf
f piji
piji haharip
haharipii eiktbr
eiktbr imtiri
imtiri nio
niom<
m< kbmsam
kbmsamtri
triso
so
 pbnutim, parobja jim nici pacipirim, kanachihim ujiri (samsotovotis camomfkit jamfim
camomfkitmyi kanachihim) sarti trimsear pbnutim ka jinic citaro niom
8) No
Nogda
gdam
m ucuc
ucuc jofu
jofumik
mikim
im sa
sahi
hifi
fioo hobc
hobcbmo
bmotb
tbro
romf
mf it
itiu
iupum
pum ho
hobo
bomjo
mjoki
kitb
tbrr pb
pbnu
nuso
so uj
ujiri
iri,,
Kirami nogdam simfit paki jim caraspbm jamfim gapit tardijip kbmjoso ujiri yimf
targacir. Wahifio hobomjokitbr nogdam caconoko kacicpuim tartimji umtuk hobikucuniso
jiro haharipi kbcpbmam pamgaciri tarutici WB8, tarjostrohuso jamfim nuis sagiri inico
jim viroiso cusocim hobcissi jim cbrebnbfo yimf ranitoe stihon

1.8 Wirim
9) Wahiokyi
Wahiokyi sahanuc
sahanuc canikukim
canikukim priktak
priktak dirus josajoik
josajoikim
im init jim hidim tarnahod
tarnahod jidunu.
jidunu.
8) Piji
Piji si
siit
it caniku
canikukim
kim pamfukur
pamfukurim,
im, sadiru
sadirusmy
smyii joniku
jonikukim
kim jamfim
jamfim tan
tanoto
oto.. Wadomf
Wadomffi
fi dis
dison
on yimf
yimf
jojipitkim sasuio jamfim eikti yimf iji jo nipimfim.
7) Limfim
Limfim canik
canikuk
ukim
im kafoit
kafoitim
im yimf
yimf toj
tojik
ik harkio
harkiotim
tim jinic prbsa
prbsass kaf
kafoit
oitii prikta
priktak
k jo nipimf
nipimfim,
im,
sapart
sapartoo ha
hargim
rgimji.
ji. Din omo jo
jonik
nikuki
ukim
m umtuk
umtuk cacomo
cacomocin
cinoso
osorr kasini
kasinidim
dim yim
yimf
f tar
tarlij
lijoo piji
piji sii
siitt
 priktokuc jo nipimfim
nipimfim

96
 

JBKQCAMZIWO

 
Fichir nucut karik yimf tarjipit piji pbdbm jo Linim Xiyi, Linim XH.Woifoim

 
Fichir pbdbm yimf tojik tarjipit nucut karik jo Parucidim Uoni Hikumf Dircbmy

94
 

JIEZIX PQWZIKI

dttp<//apromts.ucs.ig.oj/515:4/:/HIH%80OO.pje 
eona<///G</Qsars/Qsar/Jbwmnbijs/9509-7?78-9-WC.pje 
eona<///G</Qsars/Qsar/Jbwmnbijs/NogdamRsahifioRhobomjokitbr.pje 

9?