WORLD GEOGRAPHY

by
RANDHEER SINGH
WINGS SENIOR FACULTY

JKSSB FAA | S.I

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WORLD BASIC GEOGRAPHY FACTS
PHYSICAL WORLD
Ÿ Longest river - Nile
Ÿ Largest lake - Caspian Sea
Ÿ Highest point - Mt. Everest
Ÿ Lowest point - Dead Sea
Ÿ Largest ocean - Pacific Ocean
Ÿ Largest desert - Sahara
Ÿ Largest island - Greenland
POLITICAL WORLD
Ÿ Largest country - Russian Federation
Ÿ Smallest country - Vatican City
Ÿ Longest border - US-Canada
Ÿ Country with most neighbours - China, Russia
Ÿ Oldest country - Denmark
Ÿ Youngest country - South Sudan
POPULATION
Ÿ Top five biggest cities and populations - New
Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Sao Paulo
(Brazil) and Mexico City (North America.
Ÿ Country with smallest population - Vatican City
Ÿ Most densely populated country - Monaco
Ÿ Least densely populated country - Mongolia
Ÿ Country with highest birth rate - Niger
Ÿ Country with lowest birth rate - Japan
Ÿ Country with highest death rate - Bulgaria
Ÿ Country with lowest death rate - Qatar
Ÿ Country with the highest life expectancy - Japan
Ÿ Country with the lowest life expectancy - Chad
Ÿ Richest country (highest GNP*) - United States
Ÿ Poorest country (lowest GNP*) - Tuvalu
NORTH AMERICA
Ÿ Largest country - Canada
Ÿ Smallest country - Grenada
Ÿ Largest country population - United States
Ÿ Largest lake - Lake Superior
Ÿ Longest river - Mississippi Missouri
Ÿ Highest point - Mt. McKinley(Denali), Alaska
Ÿ Largest island - Greenland
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SOUTH AMERICA
Ÿ Largest country - Brazil
Ÿ Smallest country - Suriname
Ÿ Largest country population - Brazil
Ÿ Largest lake - Lake Titicaca
Ÿ Longest river - Amazon, Brazil
Ÿ Highest point - Cerro Aconcagua, Argentina
Ÿ Major deserts - Atacama Desert
Ÿ Largest island - Tierra del Fuego
AFRICA
Ÿ Largest country - Algeria
Ÿ Smallest country - Seychelles
Ÿ Largest country population - Nigeria
Ÿ Largest lake - Lake Victoria, Kenya/ Tanzania/
Uganda
Ÿ Longest river - Nile, Uganda/ Sudan/Egypt
Ÿ Highest point - Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Ÿ Major desert - Sahara Desert
Ÿ Largest island - Madagascar
EUROPE
Ÿ Number of countries - 43
Ÿ Largest country - Russian Federation (European
section)
Ÿ Smallest country - Vatican City
Ÿ Largest country population - Russian Federation
(whole country)
Ÿ Largest lake - Ladoga, Russian Federation
Ÿ Longest river - Volga, Russian Federation
Ÿ Highest point - El'brus, Caucasus Mountains,
Russian Federation
ASIA
Ÿ Largest country - Russian Federation (Asian
section)
Ÿ Smallest country - Bahrain
Ÿ Largest country population - China
Ÿ Largest lake - Caspian Sea
Ÿ Longest river - Yangtze, China
Ÿ Highest point - Mount Everest China/Nepal
Ÿ Major desert - Gobi Desert, Monga
Ÿ Largest island - Borneo

WORLD BASIC GEOGRAPHY FACTS
AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA
Ÿ Largest country - Australia
Ÿ Smallest country - Nauru
Ÿ Largest country population - Australia
Ÿ Largest lake - Lake Eyre, Australia
Ÿ Longest river - Murray-Darling, Australia
Ÿ Highest point - Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea
Ÿ Major desert - Great Victoria Desert, Aust
Ÿ Largest coral reef - Great Barrier Reef, Australia
COUNTRIES WITH MOST LAND BORDERS
Ÿ China - 14
Ÿ Russian Federation - 14
Ÿ Brazil - 10
1. ASIA
Ÿ Asia is the largest and the most populous
continent
Ÿ Except some of the Island of Indonesia, it is
situated entirely in Northern Hemisphere.
Ÿ Mt. Everest is the highest peak of Asia
Ÿ Dead Sea is the lowest point of Asia and
world. It is situated between the border of
Jordan and Israe
Ÿ Tibetian plateau is the highest plateau in the
world. It is called as the Roof of the world
Ÿ Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in
the world.
Ÿ Indian Peninsula is the 2nd largest Peninsula
in the world.
Ÿ Borneo is the largest island of Asia.
Ÿ Mawsynram: It is the wettest place in Asia.
Ÿ Sunderbans delta is the largest delta of Asia
continent.
1.1. IMPORTANT WATER BODIES
Ÿ Bering Strait: It separates Asia and North
America
Ÿ Malacca Strait: It separates Malaya
Peninsular and Sumatra Island of Indonesia.
It is the narrow strait in the world.
Ÿ Strait of Dardanelles: It separates Asia and
Europe.
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Ÿ Strait of Bosporus: It separates Asia and
Europe.
1.2. PLATEAUS
Ÿ Ladakh Plateau: It lies between the
Karakoram in the north and the Himalayas in
the south.
Ÿ Tibet Plateau: Enclosed to the south by the
Himalays, to the north by the Kunlun Shan
Range. It is the largest plateau in the world.
Ÿ Pamir Plateau: It is situated to the northwest
of the Indian sub-continent. It is the highest
plateau of the world. It is also known as
'Roof of the World'.
Ÿ Shan Plateau: It lies between Pegu Yoma and
Arkan Yoma in the eastern part of Myanmar.
It is famous for precious stone, rubies
1.3 DESERTS OF ASIA
Ÿ Dasht -i- Kavir: Iran, It is the largest Salty
desert in the world
Ÿ Dasht - i - Lut: Iran
Ÿ Rub-al-Khali : Saudi Arabia , It is the largest
continuous Sand desert in Asia.
Ÿ Takla Makan in China
Ÿ Arabian Desert: It is the largest desert in Asia.
Ÿ Gobi Desert in an example of Cold Desert and
is situated between the border of Mongolia
and China.
1.4 LAKES OF ASIA
Ÿ Caspian Sea: It is the largest lake of Asia. It is
saline in nature.
Ÿ Lake Van: Turkey, It is the saltiest lake in the
world. It is the largest lake of Turkey.
Ÿ Aral Sea: It is located between Kazakhstan
and Uzbekistan.
Ÿ Dead Sea: It is the worlds lowest lake. It is
located between Jordan & Israel.
Ÿ Lake Tonlesap: It is situated in Cambodia. It is
the largest fresh water lake of South East Asia.
Ÿ Lake Lop-Nur: It is in China & It is nuclear
testing site in china

WORLD BASIC GEOGRAPHY FACTS
1.5 RIVERS OF ASIA
Ÿ Yangtse River: It is the longest river of Asia.
It rises from Tibetan Plateau. Shangai and
Wuhan are the important cities of China
located on the bank of river Yangtse.
Ÿ Hwang Ho: It rises from Tibetan Plateau. It
is also known as Yellow river. It is also
called Sorrow of China.
Ÿ Mekong: It is the longest river in South East
Asia. It flows through China, Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia. Mekong river
valley is famous for rice cultivation.
Ÿ Salween: It is the longest river of Myanmar
& it flows through Shan plateau.
Ÿ Irrawady: It is known as life line of
Myanmar. Delta region of Irrawady is known
as Rice bowl of Myanmar.
Ÿ Indus: It is known as life life of Pakistan.
Ÿ Eupharates & Tigris: Eupharates is the main
river of Iraq. Tigris is the tributary of
Eupharates. The fertile land between
Eupharates & Tigris is known as
Mesopotamia which is one of the oldest
civilizations in the world.
1.6 MOUNTAINS OF ASIA
Ÿ Himalayan Mountain Range: It is an
example of young fold mountain. It is the
highest mountain range in the world.
Ÿ Kunlun Shan: It is in China .
Ÿ Arakan Yoma: It is an extension of
Himalayan Mountain in Myanmar.
Ÿ Hindu Kush Mountain: Majorily it lies in
Afghanistan.
Ÿ Sulaiman Range: This mountain is an
extension of Hindu Kush mountain. The
most famous pass of this range is Khyber
pass. which connects Pakistan & China.
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1.7 CULTURALLY ASIA IS DIVIDED INTO
Ÿ South West Asia: It includes Afghanistan, the
Peninsula of Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey.
Ÿ Afghanistan is the only landlocked country
of south west asia.
Ÿ South Asia: This region includes
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
Ÿ South East Asia: This region consists of
Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Kampuchea
(Cambodia), Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, and Vietnam.
Ÿ Laos is the only landlocked country of south
east asia.
Ÿ East Asia: It includes China, Japan, North
Korea, and South Korea.
Ÿ Japan is the most developed country in the
Asia.
Ÿ Central Asia: It includes the republics of
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Ÿ Tajikistan is the closest central asian country
to India.
Ÿ Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country
in the world.
Ÿ Bahrain is also known as Island of Pearls
Ÿ Bangladesh is also called the land of river and
distributers
Ÿ Pakistan is also called the land of Canals
Ÿ Jordan is called the land of Seven Hills
Ÿ Saudi Arabia is also called the Land of Five
Seas
Ÿ The largest non-capital city in the world is
Shangai (China)
Ÿ Thailand is also known as the land of white
elephants.
Ÿ Myanmar is also known as the land of
Golden pagodas.
Ÿ Lake Baikal is the world’s Deepest fresh
water lake.
Ÿ Phillipines is the home of Green Revolution

WORLD BASIC GEOGRAPHY FACTS
Ÿ Myanmar is also known as the land of
Golden pagodas.
Ÿ Lake Baikal is the world’s Deepest fresh
water lake.
Ÿ Phillipines is the home of Green Revolution
Ÿ Chagai Hills (Baltistan) is the nuclear testing
site of Pakistan.
Ÿ Pokhran is the nuclear testing site of India
Jaislmer, Rajasthan.
Ÿ The two countries of Asia which is also
partly in Europe i.e Turkey and Russia
2. AFRICA
Ÿ It is second largest continent in area after Asia.
Ÿ Interiors of Africa were explored by David
divingstone of H.M Stanley who declared it as
'Dark Continent.
Ÿ Total 53 countries (South Sudan is the
youngest country in the world.
Ÿ Highest point - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania),
lowest point-Lake Assal (Djibouti).
Ÿ Cape Agulhas in South Africa is the
southernmost point of Africa.
Ÿ Africa is the only continent which is crossed
by Tropic of cancer, Equator & Tropic of
capricorn.
2.1. IMPORTANT WATER BODIES
Ÿ Strait of Gibralter-It is known as key to
Mediterranean sea. It separates Africa from
Europe & joins Atlantic ocean &
Mediterranean sea .
Ÿ Strait of Bab-al-mandal- It is also known as
Gateway of Tears. It joins Red Sea & Gulf of
Aden & separates Africa from Asia.
2.2. LAKES OF AFRICA
Lake Victoria - largest freshwater lake of
Africa.
Ÿ It is surrounded by Uganda, Kenya &
Tanzania,
Ÿ It is source of White Nile. It does not lie in the
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Rift Valley.
Ÿ Equator passes through lake victoria.
Lake Tangayika - It lies along the Tanzania,
Zaire border.
Ÿ It is the deepest lake in Africa.
Lake Tana - It is situated in Ethiopian highlands
Ÿ It is source of Blue Nile.
Lake Chad - It is largest lake of Sahara desert.
2.3. MOUNTAINS OF AFRICA
Atlas mountains - It is the longest mountain rang
in Africa.
Ÿ It is an example of young fold mountains.
Ÿ It lies in northwestern states of Africa.
Drakensburg mountain - Southafrica
2.4. RIVERS OF AFRICA
Ÿ NILE - It originates into two head streams.
Blue Nile & White Nile-
Lake Tana Lake Victoria
Ÿ Blue Nile & White Nile meet at Khartoum
i.e capital of Sudam.
Ÿ It is longest river in the world & is known as
lifeline of Egypt.
Zaire - It is most voluminous river of Africa. It
crosses equator Twice
Zambezi - It forms the natural boundary blw
Zambia & Zimbawe.
Ÿ Victoria Falls located on river Zambezi, It was
discovered by Livingstone.
Limpopo - It crosses tropic of capricorn twice. It
forms natural boundary blw SouthAfrica &
Botswana.
 World Geography by Randhir Sir

WORLD BASIC GEOGRAPHY FACTS

2.5. DESERTS OF AFRICA Ÿ Mesais are the pastoral tribe of Kenya.
Sahara Desert - It is the largest desert in the Ÿ High Veld are the temperate grassland of
world. Tuaregs are camal herders of Sahara South Africa.
desert. Ÿ South Africa is also known as land of Gold &
Kalahari Desert - It is situated b/w Orange & Diamonds.
Zambezi. It lies in Botswana. Ÿ Place of origin of coffee- Ethiopia.
Ÿ The Bushmen are yellow-skinned nomads of Ÿ Suez Canal- It join Asia & Africa.
this desert. Built by french engineer, Ferdinand De
Namib Desert - It is in Namibia. lesseps. Completed in 1869
Ÿ
Miscellaneous
Ÿ Kimberley Mine in South Africa is famous for
Diamond -
Ÿ Katanga Mine is famous for Copper & Cobalt.
It is shared by Zaire & Zambia.
Ÿ Witwatersand in South Africa is famous for
Gold.
Leading producers of Minerals -
Ÿ Gold & Diamond - South Africa.
Ÿ Petroleum - Nigeria.
Ÿ Agricultural Products -
Ÿ Coffee-liberia
Ÿ Cotton-Egypt
Ÿ Oil palms- Nigeria
Ÿ Clove- Zanzibar.

Important Terms
Perforated State - One state's territory
completely surrounded by another country.
For e.g - Lesotho & Swaziland enclosed by
South Africa.
Maghreb - It is an Arabic word meaning “West”.
Northwestern states of Africa, Morrocco,
Algeria at Tunisia are together called the
"Maghreb These countries are also called
Barbary states because of the region's oldest
inhabitants, the Berbers.
Ÿ Oldest surviving African language is Swahili,
Algeria is the most populated country in the
world - Nigeria.

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3. NORTH AMERICA
Ÿ It is third largest continent in the world.
3.1. IMPORTANT WATER BODIES
Ÿ Bering Strait - It separates North America &
Asia & joins Arctic Ocean & Pacific Ocean
Ÿ Davis Strait - It is the broadest strait in the
world. It separates Greenland & Baffin
Island.
Ÿ Gulf of Mexico - It is the largest Gulf in the
world. River Mississippi drains into Gulf of
Mexico
Ÿ Bay of Fundy - World's Highest tidal range
in experienced in this bay.
3.2. LAKES OF NORTH AMERICA
Great Salt lake - It is third saltiest lake in the
world. It is situated in State of Utah.
Lake Superior - It is the largest fresh water
Lake in the world. It is world's 2nd largest lake
after Lake Caspian.
Ÿ It is situated between the border of U.S.A &
Canada.
Lake Michigan - It lies entirely in U.S.A.
Ÿ Lake Huron, Lake Erie & Lake Ontario.
All these lakes are collectively known as
Great Lakes.
Ÿ Great Slave lake, Great Bear lake, Lake
Athabasca & Lake of Woods are situated
in Canada.
Ÿ Great Slave lake is the deepest lake of
North America
3.3. RIVERS
Mississippi - It is largest as well as longest
river of North America.
Ÿ River Missouri is the largest as well as
longest tributary of River Mississippi.
Ÿ It drains into Gulf of Mexico.
Ÿ Colorado - It rises from Rocky mountains.
It is famous for making world's largest
canyon namely Grand Canyon.
Tennesse - It is a tributary of Mississippi.
Many river valley projects are built on river
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Tennesse which are collectively known as
Tennesse valley Project.
Rio Grande- It makes natural boundary blw
U.S.A & Mexico.
3.4. MOUNTAINS OF NORTH AMERICA
Appalachian Mountains - It is an example of
old fold mountains.
Ÿ Mount Mitchell is the highest peak of
Appalachian Mts.
Pennyslyvania : It is situated near
Appalachian mountains is the oldest oil field in
the world.
Rocky mountain - It is an example of Young
found mountains. Mount Mckinley is the
highest peak of Rocky mountain.
3.5. DESERTS
Mojave - U.S.A, It is the driest desert in North
America.
Great Basin Desert - U.S.A , It is the largest
desert in North America.
Sonoran - It is situated between U.S.A &
Mexico.
3.6.United States of America -
Ÿ Capital -Washington D.C. It is a republic of
50 states. Alaska & Hawaii are not part of
mainland U.S.A.
Ÿ New York is the capital of USA. It is situated
on the bank of river Potomac. New York is
the largest city of U.S.A. It is also called as
Big Apple.
Ÿ Detroit in U.S.A is worldwide famous for
Automobile industry.
Ÿ Pittsburg is called 'iron & steel capital of the
world .
Ÿ Death Valley is the driest at hottest place in
USA.
Ÿ Hollywood is situated in the state of
California.
Ÿ Head Office of software giant Microsoft is
in Seattle .
Ÿ U.S.A is the largest producer, consumer &
importer of crude oil.

3.7. CANADA
Ÿ It is called as land of lillies & Maples.
Ÿ It is the second largest country in the world
after Russia .
Ÿ Canada is the largest producer of paper &
pulp in the world
Ÿ It is also the largest producer of Uranium in
the world.
Ÿ Novascotia in Annapolis valley in Canada is
worldwide famous for Apple.
Ÿ Largest Province of Canada - Quebec.
Ÿ Most populated province - Ontario
Ÿ Largest city of Canada - Toronto
Ÿ Detroit of Canada - Windser.
Ÿ Birmingham of Canada - Hamilton.
Ÿ Sudbury mines in Canada are famous for
lead, zinc & silver.
Ÿ Mackenzie is the longest river of Canada.
o
Ÿ 49 north latitude divides USA & Canada.
Ÿ New found and was the last province to join
Canada. It was the oldest British Colony.
Ÿ Prairies - Temperate Grasslands of North
America.
4. SOUTH AMERICA
Ÿ It is the fourth largest continent in the world.
Ÿ It consists of 13 countries.
Ÿ Two land locked countries of South
America are Bolivia & Paraguay.
Ÿ Rhea is a flightless bird of South America.
Ÿ Anaconda a large Pythen found only in
Amazon Rainforest.
Ÿ Balsa in the lightest wood found only in
South America.
Ÿ Amazon Rain forest (mostly in Brazil) is the
largest rainforest in the world. It is Known
as lungs of the world.
Ÿ Drake Passage is a strait between South
America & Antarctica.
Ÿ Lake Maracaibo is the largest lake of South
America. It is in Venezuela
Ÿ Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake
in the world. It is situated between Peru &
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Bolivia.
Ÿ Mount Ojas del Salado in the highest active
volcano in the world.
Ÿ Patagonia desert is the largest desert of
South America.
Ÿ Atacama Desert - Peru & Bolivia. It in the
driest desert in the world.
Ÿ It is rich in Nitrate, Iodine & Borex. Nitrate
is mainly used in the manufacturing of
gunpowder, medicines & fertilizers.
Andes Mountain Range - It is the longest
mountain ranges in the world. Mount
Aconcagua in the highest point of Andes
Mountain.
Ÿ Only South American country which is a
member of OPEC is Venezuela.
Ÿ Punta Arenas in chile is the souther most
inhabited city in the world.
Ÿ Rubber was first discovered in Amazon
Rainforest.
Ÿ Chuquicamata is also known as Copper
capital of the world.
Ÿ Two countries of South America having
coast along both Pacific Ocean & Atlantic
Ocean.
Amazon River - It is the largest river in the
world. It has more than 1000 tributaries.
Ÿ Madeira is the largest Tributary of Amazon.
Ÿ Angel falls is the highest waterfall in the
world. It is on river Churun tributary of
Caroni - tributary of Amazon.
Ÿ Brazil is the fifth largest country in the
world in terms of both population & area.
Sao Paulo is the largest city of Brazil.
Official language of Brazil is Portuguese.
Ÿ Sao Paulo is also known as coffee pot of the
world.
Ÿ Minas Gerais in the most mineral rich state
of Brazil.
Ÿ Samba is a dance form of Brazil.
Ÿ Rubber was first discovered in Amazon
Rainforest.
Ÿ Chuquicamata is also known as Copper
capital of the world.

Ÿ Samba is a dance form of Brazil.
5. ANTARCTICA
Ÿ It is the Southernmost continent in the
world.
Ÿ Antarctic means opposite of Arctic.
Ÿ It is Earth’s only continent without a native
human population.
Ÿ Antarctic receives more radiation than any
other Continent.
Ÿ Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 which
does not grant any country’s claim to the
continent.
Ÿ It is used for science by many countries
across the world.
Ÿ Research centres of India in Antarctica.
Ÿ Dakshin Gangotri - Ist research centre
(closed).
Ÿ Bharati - It is also called continent of
Science.
Ÿ Maitri
Ÿ India's first commercial Antarctica
expedition was launched from the Kochi
with the aim of catching Krills. The ship
name was Sagar Sampada.
Ÿ James cook was the first person to cross
Antarctic Circle.
Ÿ Roald Amundsen was the first person to
reach South Pole
Ÿ Antartica is also known as white continent.
Ÿ It is driest, highest, coldest and most windy
of any other continent.
Ÿ Lambert glacier is the largest glacier in
Antartica.
Ÿ Queen Maud Range is the longest mountain
Range in Antarctica.
Ÿ Aurora Australis also known as Southern
lights.
Ÿ It is a colourful display of lights.
Ÿ This light is caused by streams of charged
particles from the sun entering earth’s upper
atmosphere.
Ÿ Similar phenomenon in Arctic is known as -
Aurora Borealis
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6. EUROPE
Ÿ Europe is the sixth largest continent in the
world.
IMPORTANT STRAITS
Strait of Gibralter -
Ÿ It separates Europe & Asia & joins
Mediterranean sea with Atlantic Ocean.
Strait of Bonifacio -
Ÿ It separates Italy & France & joins
Tyrhenian sea with Mediterranean sea.
Strait of Bosporus -
Ÿ It separates Istanbul & Anatolia peninsula
and joins black sea with Sea of Marmara.
Jura mountain forms the boundary between
France & Switzerland.
Vosges mountain forms boundary between
France & Germany.
Alps mountain forms boundary between
France & Italy.
Ÿ Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark are
collectively known as Scandinavia.
Ÿ The Seine and Rhine are the important
rivers that join the English Channel and the
North Sea. Kiel canal joins Baltic sea with
North sea.
Ÿ Dogger bank in north sea is the most
important fishing ground of UK.
Ÿ Ural mountains are the longest range of
Europe.
Ÿ The Volga, which is the largest river of
Europe, joins a landlocked Sea named the
Caspian.
Ÿ Elbrus is the highest mountain peak in
Europe, which lies in the Caucasus.
Ÿ Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are together
called 'Baltic State.'
Ÿ Belgium, Luxemberg and Netherlands are
called 'Low countries.' They are called so
because they are below sea level.
Ÿ The Burren is a large area of limestone rock
in the west of Ireland. Its flat surfaces are
known as limestones pavements.

Ÿ Helsinki called as the White City of North.
Ÿ Copenhagen is known as the Key to the
Baltic sea.
Ÿ Reykjavik i.e capital of Iceland is the
world’s most northerly capital.
Ÿ Finland is called as “Land of Forests &
Lakes”
Ÿ Norway has the highest per capita Hydel
power output in the world.
Ÿ Pustaz is the temperate grassland of
Hungary.
Ÿ Vatican city is the smallest country in the
world in terms of both area & population.
Ÿ Vatican city & city of Rome are situated on
the bank of river Tibre.
Ÿ Mount Stromboli is known as Light House
of Mediterranean Sea.
Ÿ Ruhr valley in Germany is the biggest and
richest coal producing area of Europe.
Ÿ Sheffield is the world’s largest cutlery town.
Ÿ Munich is the cultural capital of Germany &
it is the centre for Art & Culture.
Ÿ Manchester in UK is the birth place of
Industrial revolution & the first industry
was Textile industry.
Ÿ Milan is known as Manchester of Italy.
Ÿ Turin is known as Detroit of Italy.
Ÿ Moscow is known as City of Five Ports.
7. AUSTRALIA
Ÿ It is smallest of all the continents.
Ÿ Oceania - Australia & Newzealand & other
islands of Pacific Ocean.
Ÿ It lies entirely in south hemisphere &
eastern hemisphere
Ÿ Tropic of Capricorn passes through the
middle of Australia.
Ÿ It lies between Indian Ocean in the west &
Pacific ocean in the east.
Ÿ Australia is the sixth largest Country of the
world.
Ÿ Longest range of Australia - Great Dividing
Range.
Ÿ Largest island of Australia - Tasmania.
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Ÿ Largest lake of Australia-Lake Eyre.
Ÿ Deepest lake of Australia - Lake St. Clair
Ÿ Longest river of Australia- Murray river.
Ÿ Sydney is the oldest & largest city of
Australia.
Ÿ Port Jackson is the biggest port of Sydney &
Australia.
Ÿ Canberra is the capital of Australia. - It is
also known as capital city of compromise
between two giant cities Melbourne &
Sydney.
Ÿ Canberra is located on the bank of river
Molonglo.
Ÿ Australia consists of six states.
Ÿ Western Australia is the largest state.
Ÿ Dry interiors of Australia are known as
Australian Outbacks.
Ÿ Natural fountains in Australia are known as
Great Artesian Wells
Ÿ Great Barrier Reef - It lies off the
northeastern coast of Queensland. It is the
world's largest coral reef of the world.
Ÿ Australia is the country of 'Marsupial'
(animals having pouch) e.g Kangaroo,
Wallby & Koalabear.
Ÿ Emu is the flightless bird of Australia.
Ÿ Dingo is the Wilddog of Australia.
Ÿ Australia is the largest producer of bauxite
& wool in the world.
Ÿ Trans-continent railway of Australia is
known as the Trans-Australias Railway.
Ÿ The major roads of Australia are called
Common-Wealth highway.
Ÿ The international airlines of Australia -
Qantas
Ÿ Kalgoorlie mine in Australia is famous for
Gold.
Ÿ Northern Territory is the only territory of
Australia where euthanasia is legalised
 World Geography by Randhir Sir

Ÿ Sheep rearing farms in Australia are called

Stations

NEW ZEALAND
Ÿ It consists of two islands. North Island &
South Island.
Ÿ Cook Strait is the strait between North &
South Island.
Ÿ South Island is the largest territory of New
Zealand.
Ÿ Mt. Cook on South island is the highest peak
of New Zealand.
Ÿ Wellington is situated on the southern tip of
North Island.
Ÿ It is the southern most capital city of the
world. & it is important sea port on the Cook
Strait.
Ÿ Maoris are the aborigines of New Zealand.
Ÿ Auckland is the biggest city of New Zealand
Ÿ Abel Tasman was the first European to
discover New Zealand.
Ÿ Auckland is the most populous urban centre
in New Zealand.
Ÿ Canterbury Plains is the chief farming
region in New Zealand.
Ÿ Niue is the highest uplifted coral island in
the world.
Ÿ New Zealand was the first country to
enfranchise women.

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