Roll No: IT142

Experiments – 4

1. Observing T-States, Machine cycles and instruction cycle.

- Write any simple program (use STA instruction in that program) and draw machine
cycles for STA instruction. (Use graph paper to draw the machine cycles)

Machine cycle: The time required by the microprocessor to complete an operation of

accessing memory or input / output devices is called machine cycle.

Instruction cycle: Time required to execute and fetch an entre instruction is called
instruction cycle.

T – states: The subdivision of the operation that perform within a single clock period
is known as T-states.

Simple Programme that uses STA instruction: -

STA 3050H
Graph : -

1
 Roll No: IT142

STA instructions require total machine cycle: -

1. Opcode Fetch cycle (4 T-state)
2. Memory Read cycle (3 T-states)
3. Memory Read cycle (3 T-states)
4. Memory Write cycle (3 T-states)
STA instructions require total 13 T-states.