06 FT52526EN03GLC0 Protection

Protection Features
Protection Features
Contents
1 Protection features general 3
1.1 Protection architectures 4
1.2 Switching types 7
1.3 Protection mode 9
2 Traffic Protection 11
2.1 MSP Line protection 12
2.2 Path protection 12
2.3 Multiplex Section – Self Protecting Ring (MS-SPRing) 14
3 Equipment Protection 20
3.1 1:N card protection 21
3.2 1+1 card protection 21
4 Protection support for hiT 7065 23
4.1 Traffic Protection 24
4.2 Card protection 24
5 Protection Configuration 27
5.1 MSP 1+1 28
5.2 MSP 1:N 40
5.3 Path protection 54
5.4 E1; E3/DS3 and STM-1 Electrical Card Protection 72
5.5 CC 1+1 Card Protection 82
5.6 System Controller 1+1 Card Protection 86
6 Exercise 89
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Protection Features
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Protection Features
1 Protection features general
Drop & Continue

Path Protection
VC Trail Protection
SNCP
Traffic Protection
Card Protection
SDH
Network
Line Protection
Single Ended MSP
Self Healing Ring Protection

Double Ended MSP
Multiplex Section Protection MS-SPRING/2
Fig. 1 Protection features
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Protection Features
1.1 Protection architectures

1+1 protection architecture
In the 1+1 architecture type, a protection transport entity (e.g. a multiplex section) is
dedicated as a backup facility for the working transport entity with the normal traffic
signal bridged onto the protection transport entity at the source end – point of the
protected domain.
The normal traffic on working and protection transport entities is transmitted
simultaneously to the sink end-point of the protected domain, where a selection
between the working and protection transport entity is made based on some
predetermined criteria, such as signal fail and signal degrade indications.
1+1 protection in fault-free case
working
Normal
Normal
protection
Selector Selector
Permanent Permanent
Bridge Bridge
Fig. 2 1+1 protection in fault-free case
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Protection Features
1+1 protection in case of fault
SWITCH
working
SWITCH
Normal
Normal
protection
Selector Selector
Permanent Permanent
Bridge Bridge
Fig. 3 1+1 protection in faulty case
1:N protection architecture

In the 1: N architecture type, 1 dedicated protection transport entity is a shared
backup facility for N working transport entities. The bandwidth of the protection
transport entity should be allocated in such a way that it may be possible to protect
any of the n working transport entities in case the protection transport entity is
available.
When a working transport entity is determined to be impaired, its normal traffic signal
must be transferred from the working to the protection transport entity at both the
source and sink end-points of the protected domain. It is noted that when more than
1 working transport entities is impaired, only 1 normal traffic signal can be protected.
The bridge can be realized in two manners:
 broadcast bridge
 selector bridge
With "broadcast bridge" connectivity (Fig. 4) the normal traffic signal is permanent
connected to the working transport entity and occasionally to the protection transport
entity (Fig. 5) also.
With "selector bridge" connectivity the normal traffic signal is connected either to the
working transport entity, or the protection transport entity. Interworking between the
two options is guaranteed.
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Protection Features
1:n protection without extra traffic in fault-free case
Null signal (0) Null signal (0)
Normal (1) Normal (1)

Working (1)

Working (2)
Normal (n) Normal (n)

Working (n)
Extra (n+1) Protection (0) AIS Extra (n+1)
AIS
Selector Selector
Bridge Bridge
Fig. 4 1:n protection architecture with broadcast bridge and without extra traffic (fault free case)
1:n protection without extra traffic in case of fault
SWITCH SWITCH
Null signal (0) Null signal (0)

Working (1)
SWITCH

Working (2)
SWITCH
Normal (n) Normal (n)
Working (n)
Extra (n+1) Protection (0) AIS Extra (n+1)
AIS
Selector Selector
Bridge Bridge
Fig. 5 1:n protection architecture with broadcast bridge and without extra traffic (fault case)
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Protection Features
1.2 Switching types

Unidirectional switching
If a fault occurs on the worker line, the signal is switched to the protection line. In
case of single ended switching, only the affected transmission direction is switched.
In the opposite direction, the signal remains on the worker line. This protection –
switching scheme is also known as "Single ended protection switching".
Unidirectional switching: Worker line used
worker
protection
Fig. 6 Principle of unidirectional switching: Worker line used
Unidirectional switching: Protection line used
worker
SWITCH
protection
Fig. 7 Principle of unidirectional switching: Protection line used
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Protection Features
Bi – directional switching
If a fault occurs on the worker line, the signal is switched to the protection line. In
case of bi – directional switching, both transmission directions are switched to the
protection line. This protection – switching scheme is also known as "double – ended
protection switching".
Bi-directional switching: Worker line used
worker
protection
Fig. 8 Principle of bi – directional switching: Worker line used
Bi-directional switching: Protection line used
worker
SWITCH
SWITCH
protection
Fig. 9 Principle of bi – directional switching: Protection line used
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Protection Features
1.3 Protection mode

Non – revertive protection switching
If a fault occurs on the working line, the traffic is switched to the protection line. In
non – revertive protection mode, the data signal will remain on the protection line
after the fault has been cleared. The switch back to the original line will only occur if a
new fault occurs on the protection line, or by operator command.
Revertive protection switching

In case of a failure, the data signal will be switched to the protection line. Once the
fault has been cleared, and the line is working in a fault – free state, the traffic will be
switched back to the worker line. Before this switching-back occurs, the worker line
must remain fault – free for at least some minutes. This period is called "Wait Time to
Restore" and can be configured individually.
Non-revertive protection mode


error free worker

WORKER Path fault clearance
clearance

switch over

PROTECTION Path
Fig. 10 Principle of non – revertive operation
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Protection Features
Revertive protection mode
Wait-To-Restore
Periode
0 ... 30 min

error
e.g. SF
WORKER Path fault clearance WTR

 
switch back
switch over
PROTECTION Path  
Fig. 11 Principle of revertive operation
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Protection Features
2 Traffic Protection
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Protection Features
2.1 MSP Line protection

Duplicated lines in a multiplex section characterize line protection switching. On the
receiving side one of the two lines is selected from which to derive the signal. On
both lines, transmit side and receive side, two line ports have to be installed. The
signals transmitted on both lines are monitored. On the receiving side the switch card
selects, based on predefined switching criteria, which line signal will be passed within
the switching matrix.
2.2 Path protection

1+1 Path Protection, also named "Sub – Network Connection Protection" (SNCP), is
implemented and activated at the cross – connection level. Path protection can be
implemented in either linear or ring structures.
The data signal is transmitted over two different paths having the same starting and
ending termination points. At the ending termination point, the switchover criteria are
defined and evaluated. If the received signal on the worker path exceeds the quality
thresholds, the signal will be taken from the protection path. The criteria for switching
are laid down individually during configuration of the individual devices (evaluation of
the Path Overhead).
Using path protection, each data signal is transmitted twice: on the worker path and
on the protection path. Therefore additional transmission capacity must be provided
on the effected line connections.
Currently there are two ways to configure a SNCP, the so called Intrusive SNCP
(SNCP/I) and the Non Intrusive SNCP (SNCP/N).
SNCP/I
When an Inherent SNCP protection is configured on an NE, the switching criteria
used to go from the working path to the protection one are signal fails, for LO VC the
failures would be TU-LOP and TU-AIS or an internal reaction (SSF) related to a
higher order failure.
SNCP/N
In the case of Non Intrusive SNCP additionally to the Signal Failures mentioned
previously, the information inside the VC POH is considered. So BIP error codes,
path trace mismatches and signal label incongruence could also be a motive to
switch over. In order to support the SNCP/N protection, the CTPs have to be able to
detect alarm conditions related with the VC POH.
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Protection Features
Line Protection
worker card
worker line
switching matrix
protection line
protection card
Fig. 12 Principle of line protection
Path Protection
Working Path Protection Path
Switch
Definition of
only one direction shown Switching Criteria
Fig. 13 Principle of path protection
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Protection Features
2.3 Multiplex Section – Self Protecting Ring (MS-

SPRing)
MS-SPRing is also known as Bi – directional Self Healing Ring (BSHR) in other
Siemens products
The MS-SPRing configuration consists of several network elements whose line
interfaces are connected to each other in a form of a ring. During normal operation,
path switching generally occurs via the shortest path in order to involve the least
number of network elements.
If a fault in the multiplex section occurs the data will be looped back at both ends of
the faulty section via the protection path. Therefore half of the ring capacity must be
reserved for the protection path.
Worker n . . . Normal Traffic

Protection
Fig. 14 Multiplex Section Self Protecting Ring – Normal state
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Protection Features
Worker n . . . Normal Traffic

Protection
Fig. 15 Multiplex Section Self Protecting Ring – Activated State
2.3.1 2 Fiber and 4 Fiber MS-SPRing ring

2F MS-SPRing
2 Fiber MS-SPRing rings require only two fibers for each span of the ring. Each fiber
carries both working channels and protection channels. On each fiber, half the
channels are defined as working channels and half are defined as protection
channels.
The normal traffic carried on working channels in one fiber is protected by the
protection channels traveling in the opposite direction around the ring (See Fig. 16).
This permits the transport of protected normal traffic and unprotected traffic been
carried in the protection channels. If a fault occurs the unprotected traffic will be lost
and only the protected traffic carried. Only one set of overhead channels is used on
each fiber.
2F MS-SPRing rings support ring switching only. When a ring switch is invoked, the
normal traffic is switched from the working channels to the protection channels in the
opposite direction.
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Protection Features
4F MS-SPRing
4F MS-SPRing requires four fibers for each span of the ring. As illustrated in Fig.
17, working and protection channels are carried over different fibers: two multiplex
sections transmitting in opposite directions carry the working channels while two
multiplex sections, also transmitting in opposite directions, carry the protection
channels. This permits the bi-directional transport of normal traffic.
The multiplex section overhead is dedicated to either working or protection
channels since working and protection channels are not transported over the same
fibers.
4F MS-SPRing supports ring switching as a protection switch, as well as span
switching, though not concurrently. Multiple span switches can coexist on the ring
since only the protection channels along one span are used for each span switch.
Certain multiple failures (those that affect only the working channels of a span
such as electronic failures and cable cuts severing only the working channels) can
be fully protected using span switching.
2F MS-SPRING
STM # 1-8 STM # 1-8
worker worker
protection
Fiber 1
protection
STM # 9-16 STM # 9-16
STM # 1-8 STM # 1-8
worker worker
protection protection
Fiber 2
STM # 9-16 STM # 9-16
Fig. 16 2F MS-SPRing
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Protection Features
4F MS-SPRING
STM # 1-16 STM # 1-16

worker
Fiber 1
worker
protection protection Fiber 2

STM # 1-16 STM # 1-16
STM # 1-16 STM # 1-16
worker worker Fiber 3
protection protection Fiber 4
STM # 1-16 STM # 1-16
Fig. 17 4F MS-SPRing
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Protection Features
2.3.2 Non pre – emptible Unprotected Traffic (NUT)

With ITU – T recommendation G-841 there is a feature called Non pre – emptible
Unprotected Traffic (NUT). This allows the selection of VC-4 contains which will be
protected by MS-SPRing and which containers will not be protected.
With No NUT containers selected VC-4 # 1 to VC-4 # 8 carry traffic and are all
protected by VC-4 # 9 to VC-4 # 16. If VC-4 # 3 is selected as a NUT container it will
not be protected by MS-SPRing should a fault occur, but it may be protected by
another protection method such as SNCP. Should this occur this will also free VC-4 #
11 from protecting VC-4 # 3, so extra unprotected traffic can be carried in this
container.
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Protection Features
Non pre-emptible Unprotected Traffic (NUT)
VC-4 # 16
VC-4 # 1
VC-4 # 8
VC-4 # 9
Without NUT
VC-4 # 11
VC-4 # 16
VC-4 # 3
VC-4 # 1
VC-4 # 8
VC-4 # 9
With VC-4 # 3 as a NUT Container
Protected Container Protecting Container Unprotected Container
Fig. 18 NUT
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Protection Features
3 Equipment Protection
Equipment (module) protection is designed to react in case of card failures. Two
types of module protection are supported – 1:N Card Protection and 1+1 Card
Protection.
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Protection Features
3.1 1:N card protection

The 1:N card protection feature allows the protection of one or more modules by one
additional protection card. In the event of a module failure, the traffic of the first
module, which fails will be taken over by the protection card.
3.2 1+1 card protection

For 1+1 card protection, an additional module is inserted for protection. This module
only protects the traffic of one specified card in case of different events like card
failure or operator switch.
The signals are offered to both the working and the protection module. Both modules
distribute the signal to the next operation card (e.g. the switching network CC) which
then chooses one of the two signals, based on predetermined criteria.
1:N Card Protection
1:N
protection module working modules
Fig. 19 1:N card protection
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Protection Features
1+1 Card Protection
1+1
1+1
working
workingmodule
module protection
protectionmodule
module
working
module
module
switch
switch
switching
protection
module network
Fig. 20 1+1 card protection
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Protection Features
4 Protection support for hiT 7065
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Protection Features
4.1 Traffic Protection

4.1.1 MSP protection
In this hiT 7065 equipment, 1+1 and 1:N MSP (NMax=14) line protection is available
for all SDH interfaces. Worker and Protection ports can be either located on the same
card or different cards. There is no limitation regarding the position where the Worker
and Protection ports have to be equipped. It is not necessary to configure Worker
and Protection ports on neighbor cards.
The protection can be configured in order to work with "Bidirectional" or
"Unidirectional" switching. "Revertive" or "Non-Revertive" operation is possible.
4.1.2 MS-SPRing
2 Fiber and 4 Fiber MS-SPRing is supported at STM-64, STM-16 and STM-4 levels.
In order to increase de bandwidth utilization it is possible to take advantage of low
priority traffic and NUT functionalities.
In case of multiple ring failure operation, the system builds automatically the
corresponding squelch tables using the information given by the configured cross
connections. Squelch tables manual configuration is also possible.
4.1.3 Path protection

SNCP protection at all levels is supported.
The protection can be configured as "Revertive" and "Non-Revertive".
The protection can be configured as SNCP/I or SNCP/N.
When the system is configured to work with SNCP/I, it means, only reacting in case
of signal fail (HP-SSF or LP-SSF). The SSF alarm arises in case of defects in the
signal server layer (e.g. LOS, LOP, AIS, etc).
In order to support SNCP/N, the non intrusive monitoring has to be enabled
(monitored status) on the CTP. In this case besides the SD and EXC BER, the
system can also react in case of TIM.
4.2 Card protection

The following cards support equipment protection in the equipment
 CC comprising high order and lower order switch matrix and timing protection.
 SC system controller card.
 E1 and STM-1 E cards.
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Protection Features
Summary – Traffic protection

hiT hiT 7060 hiT 7050 hiT 7050
hiT 7070 hiT 7060 hiT 7035 hiT 7030 hiT 7025 hiT 7020
7080/65 HC CC FP1
STM- STM- STM- STM- STM- STM-

1+1 MSP STM-1,4,16 STM-1,4 STM-1,4 STM-1,4
1,4,16,64 1,4,16,64 1,4,16,64 1,4,16 1,4,16 1,4,16
1:1 MSP STM-

1,4,16,64
STM- STM-
1:N MSP
1,4,16,64 1,4,16,64
STM- STM- STM-

BSHR-2 STM-4,16 STM-16 STM-4,16 STM-4 STM-4,16 STM-4
4,16,64 16,64 4,16,64
STM- STM-
BSHR-4
16,64 16,64
SNCP All line All line All line All line All line All line All line All line All line All line
(LO,HO) rates rates rates rates rates rates rates rates rates rates
Fig. 21 Summary – Traffic Protection
Summary – Protection Features
hiT hiT 7060 hiT 7050 hiT 7050

hiT 7070 hiT 7060 hiT 7035 hiT 7025
7080/65 HC CC FP1
STM-1,4,16,64 STM-1,4,16port STM-1,4 port STM-1,4 port

STM-1,4,16,64 port with MSP with MSP STM-1,4,16 with MSP with MSP
STM-1,4,16,64 port with MSP VC-4 Matrix VC-4 Matrix port with MSP VC-4 Matrix VC-4 Matrix
port with MSP VC-4 Matrix VC-4 Matrix
VC-3/-12 VC-3/-12 VC-3/-12 VC-3/-12
VC-4 Matrix Matrix Matrix STM-1,4 port Matrix Matrix
VC-3/-12 Matrix VC-3/-12
with MSP
Matrix
1+1 VC-3/-12 Matrix CLU CLU CLU CLU CLU
CLU PWR
PWR PWR CLU PWR PWR
PWR
SC PWR
34/45 Mbps 34/45 Mbps 34/45 Mbps 34/45 Mbps 34/45 Mbps
PWR card card card STM-1e card card card
STM-1e card STM-1e card STM-1e card STM-1e card
34/45 Mbps
card
1:N STM-1e card 2M card 2M card 2M card 2M card
STM-1e card
2M card
2M card
Fig. 22 Summary – Protection Features
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Protection Features
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Protection Features
5 Protection Configuration
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Protection Features
5.1 MSP 1+1

5.1.1 Create MSP 1+1
In order to configure a MSP 1+1 protection proceed as follows:
1. From "Chassis View" main menu select: Configuration  MSP Management.
2. Press the "Query" button to view the MSP groups created on the network
element, if there is any. You can set "Query Conditions" to filter for specific
protection groups.
3. Press the "Create" button to create a new MSP line protection.
4. The "Create Linear MSP Group" window will open.
5. The changeable options available in the basic information window pane are:
 MSP Mode: Set the MSP mode as MSP 1+1
 Active Mode: Enable by default. This field is used only for 1: N protection.
 Port type: Select the bandwidth of the port from the drop-down list (e.g. STM-4)
 Group label: Every MSP requires always a Protection Group Label which
identifies it from other created MSP protections on the Network element. Text
String with max. 64 characters. Must not contain "space" character.
 Operation Mode: Select Revertive or Non–Revertive.
 Switch Direction: Select either Unidirectional Switch or Bidirectional Switch.
 Working Channel number: The working channel number is displayed in the text
box.
 Extra traffic: Select Enable or Disable from the drop-down list when the MSP
mode is set as MSP 1:N
 Wait to Restore: only available if Revertive operation has been selected. A value
between 60 seconds and 720 seconds (300 seconds by default).
6. Select "Card" and "Port" for "Protection Multiplex section".
7. Select "Card" and "Port" for "Working Multiplex section".
8. Click the "Apply or Ok" button to create the MSP group. A "Message" window
will pop–up.
TIP
There is no restriction which card / port is selected as working and which one is
selected as protection. The ports can be on the same card or on any other as
long as the STM level is the same
9. Press the "OK" button to confirm.
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Protection Features
Fig. 23 Creating MSP 1+1 protection I
7
8
9
Fig. 24 Creating MSP 1+1 protection II
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Protection Features
WARNING
MSP can not be created if:
 there is a syntax error on MSP Group label

 a port is occupied by MS-SPRing
 Max. DCC number parameter on 16xSTM-1/4 M card is set to 8 and port involved
in MSP 1+1 is not reserved
 there are cross – connections on the protection line
WARNING
If the DCCs in the protection line are activated, the system will deactivate them
before the protection is created. The NE will NOT ask for a confirmation. Check
on local and remote NE if the DCC channels on the worker line are activated
and up in order to prevent loosing communication before deactivating the
protection line DCCs.
TIP
If the TP Multiplex Structure is different for the worker and the protection line, a
Confirmation window will pop up. Click "Yes" to apply the worker line structure to
the protection line.
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Protection Features
Fig. 25 1+1 MSP notifications
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Protection Features
5.1.2 View / Modify MSP

2. Press the "Query" button to get a list of all MSP lines configured on the network
element. The list will show the status of existing MSP groups.
3. Select the desired MSP group from the list. The background line color will turn to
blue.
4. Click the "View/Modify" button. The "View/Modify MSP Property" window will
pop up.
5. It is possible to change the following parameters:
 Group Label
 Operation mode
 Wait to Restore (in Operation mode "Revertive")
6. Click "Apply" to change the configuration. An "Information" window will pop up.
7. Click the "OK" button to confirm.
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Protection Features
Fig. 26 View/Modify MSP I
Fig. 27 View/Modify MSP II
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Protection Features
5.1.3 Switch MSP

For external control of the MSP function the following external switch commands can
be issued by the operator:
 Clear: The command clears all the externally initiated switch commands and WTR
at the node to which the command was addressed.
 Lockout of Protection (LP): Denies all normal traffic signals access to the
protection section.
 Forced Switch: Two cases exist:
FORCED SWTICH TO PROTECTION: The command causes the normal traffic
signal to be switched from worker to the protection section. The command will be
rejected when an equal or higher switch command is in effect or SF condition
exists on the protection section.
FORCED SWITH TO WORKING: The command transfers the normal traffic signal
back from protection section to the working section. Since Forced Switch has
higher priority than SF or SD on a working section, this command will be carried
out regardless of the condition of the working section.
 Manual Switch: Two cases exist:
MANUAL SWITCH TO PROTECTION: the command switches normal traffic signal
to the protection section, unless a failure condition exists on the protection section
or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect.
MANUAL SWTICH TO WORKING: the command transfers the normal traffic signal
back from the protection to the working section, unless an equal or higher priority
request is in effect.
Only one external switch request can be active at a time at the protection group,
where a new request replaces the previous one and a "Clear" command clears any
previously issued external switch command.
TIP
Protection switching is generally initiated by request conditions with associated
priorities. The table shown in Fig. 28 defines the principal request conditions to be
supported for MSP 1+1.
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Protection Features
MSP 1+1 Switch Requests
Condition, state or external request Priority

Signal Failure on the protection section Highest
Lockout of protection
Forced switch .
SF high priority (on working section)
SD (Signal Degrade) on the protection section
SD high priority (on working section)
Manual switch
Wait-to-restore
Reverse request
Do not revert
No request Lowest
Fig. 28 MSP 1+1 Switch Requests
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Protection Features
To switch an existing MSP group, complete the following steps:

1. Open the "MSP Management" window. To switch between the working and
Protection lines, select the desired MSP.
2. Click the "Switch" button to open the "Switch MSP" window.
3. The "Switch MSP" popup window will display:
 Current Highest Switch Request
 Switch Status
 Operator Command Card/Port
 External command
 Working and Protection port signal status.
4. To switch between worker and Protection lines select the appropriate "Operator
Command Card/Port" from list.
If you want to switch traffic from worker to protection section select the worker port
and issue the switch request.
If you want to switch traffic from protection to worker section select the protection
port and issue the switch request.
5. Select the desired "External Command" from list.
6. Press the "Apply or OK" button to change configuration.
7. Note that if a higher priority command is pending you will get a corresponding
message and your last command will not be executed.
TIP
Each item in the Command drop down menu has a priority. The list is sorted with the
highest priority first. E.g. it is not possible to change from "Lockout" to "Force" or
"Manual" Switch without first clearing the current command.
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Protection Features
Fig. 29 Switch MSP I
6
7
Fig. 30 Switch MSP II
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Protection Features
5.1.4 MSP 1+1 Deletion

2. Press the "Query" button to get a list of all MSP groups configured on the
network element.
3. Select the desired MSP to be deleted from list.
4. Press the "Delete" button
5. A "Confirmation" window pops up. Click "Yes" to confirm. The MSP will be
deleted.
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Protection Features
Fig. 31 Delete MSP I
Fig. 32 Delete MSP II
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Protection Features
5.2 MSP 1:N

5.2.1 Create MSP 1:N
In order to configure a MSP 1: N protection:
2. Press the "Query" button to view the MSP groups already configured on the
network element, if there is any. You can set "Query Conditions" to filter for
specific protection groups.
3. Press the "Create" button to create a new MSP line protection.
4. The "Create Linear MSP Group" window will open. In the top of this window,
there are changeable options available in the basic information window pane:
 MSP Mode: Set the MSP mode as "MSP 1:N"
 Active Mode: Set to "Enable" to activate protection group
 Port type: Select STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, or STM-64 from the drop-down list
 Group Label: Every MSP line requires a Protection Group Label which identifies
it from other created MSP protections on the Network element. Text String with
max. 64 characters. Must not contain "space" character.
 Operation Mode: always set to "Revertive"
 Switch Direction: always set to "Bi – directional Switch"
 Wait to Restore: this field is only available if "Revertive" operation has been
selected. The input value is between 60 seconds and 720 seconds.
 Extra Traffic: can be set to "Enable" disable if the protection port will be used for
extra-traffic or not.
5. Select "Card" and "Port" for "Protection Multiplex section".
6. Click "Add" button to add all the working ports in the "Working Multiplex
section".
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Protection Features
Fig. 33 Creating MSP 1:N protection I
Fig. 34 Creating MSP 1:N protection II
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Protection Features
7. Select "Working Card" from list

8. Select "Working Port" from list
9. Select "Priority" from list
10. Repeat steps 6 to 9 for additional working ports into the working multiplex
section.
11. Click the "Apply or Ok" button to create the MSP group.
12. A "Message" window pops up. Click the "OK" button to finish the MSP creation.
TIP
There is no restriction on which card / port is selected as working and which one is
selected as protection. The ports can be on the same card or on any other as long as
the STM level is the same
WARNING
MSP cannot be created if:
 there is a syntax error on MSP Group label

 a port is occupied by MS-SPRing
 Max. DCC number parameter on 16xSTM-1/4 M card is set to 8 and port involved
in MSP 1:N is not reserved
 Extra traffic is not enabled and there are cross – connections on the protection line
WARNING
If the DCCs in the protection line are activated, the system will deactivate them
before the protection is created. The NE will NOT ask for a confirmation. Check
on local and remote NE if the DCC on the worker line(s) are activated and up in
order to prevent loosing communication before deactivating the protection line
DCCs.
TIP
If the TP Multiplex Structure is different for the worker and the protection line, a
Confirmation window will pop up. Click "Yes" to apply the worker line structure to
the protection line.
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Protection Features
7 8 9
10
12 11
Fig. 35 Creating MSP 1:N protection II
Fig. 36 Creating MSP 1+1 protection III
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Protection Features
5.2.2 View / Modify MSP

1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration  MSP
Management".
network element. The list will show the status of existing MSP groups.
3. To get detailed information about worker and protection lines select the desired
MSP group.
4. Click the "View / Modify" button. The "View / Modify MSP Property" window
will pop up.
5. As long as the MSP 1:N is in the Active Mode "Enable" it is possible to change
the following parameters:
 Wait to Restore
 Group Label
6. Press the "Apply or Ok" button to change configuration. An "Information"
window will pop up.
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Protection Features
Fig. 37 View/Modify MSP 1:N I
Fig. 38 View/Modify MSP 1:N II
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Protection Features
8. Set "Active Mode" for the MSP 1: N to the "Disable".

9. Press the "Apply" button to change the configuration. A "Message" window will
pop up.
11. Now it is possible to modify the members of the existing MSP group. Select the
channel number you want to modify.
12. Select Working Card, Working Port or Priority column and select item from list.
13. It is also possible to add or remove Worker lines to and from the MSP group.
Select "Add" or "Delete" button correspondingly. In case you add a new worker
line to the group you need to define the Working Card, Port and Priority for the
new channel.
TIP
In case that the number of worker channels need to be reduced it must be done
sequentially deleting the channel with the highest number first. It is not possible to
delete any other channel selectively.
14. After making all the changes, it is mandatory to set the Active Mode of the
protection to "Enable"
15. Once more press the "Apply" button to make your configuration changes
permanent.
16. A "Message" window will pop up. Click the "OK" button to confirm.
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Protection Features
10
Fig. 39 View/Modify MSP 1:N III
Only the port with the highest 14

Channel number can be deleted first
12
11
13
15
16
Fig. 40 View/Modify MSP 1:N III
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Protection Features
5.2.3 Switch MSP

For external control of the MSP function the following external switch commands can
be issued by the operator:
 Clear: The command clears all the externally initiated switch commands and WTR
at the node to which the command was addressed.
 Lockout of Protection (LP): Denies all normal traffic signals access to the
protection section.
 Forced Switch: Two cases exist:
FORCED SWTICH TO PROTECTION: The command causes the normal traffic
signal to be switched from worker to the protection section. The command will be
rejected when an equal or higher switch command is in effect or SF condition
exists on the protection section.
FORCED SWITH TO WORKING: The command transfers the normal traffic signal
back from protection section to the working section. Since Forced Switch has
higher priority than SF or SD on a working section, this command will be carried
out regardless of the condition of the working section.
 Manual Switch: Two cases exist:
MANUAL SWITCH TO PROTECTION: the command switches normal traffic signal
to the protection section, unless a failure condition exists on the protection section
or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect.
MANUAL SWTICH TO WORKING: the command transfers the normal traffic signal
back from the protection to the working section, unless an equal or higher priority
request is in effect.
 Exercise: Issues an exercise request for that signal and checks responses on
APS bytes, unless the protection section is in use. The switch is not actually
completed.
Only one external switch request can be active at a time at the protection group,
where a new request replaces the previous one and a "Clear" command clears any
previously issued external switch command.
TIP
Protection switching is generally initiated by request conditions with associated
priorities. The table shown in Fig. 41 defines the principal request conditions to be
supported for MSP 1:N.
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Protection Features
MSP 1:N Switch Requests

Signal Failure on the protection section Highest
Lockout of protection
Forced switch Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14>15
SF high priority (on working section) Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14
SF low priority (on working section) Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14
SD (Signal Degrade) on the protection section Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14
SD high priority (on working section) Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14
SD low priority (on working section) Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14
Manual switch Priority is based on the Number: 1>2>3>4>….>14>15
Wait-to-restore
Exercise Priority is based on the Number: 1=2=3=4=5=6=7=……=14>15
Reverse request
Do not revert
No request Lowest
Fig. 41 MSP 1:N Switch Requests
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Protection Features
1. Open the "MSP Management" window and select the desired MSP, the
background color will turn to blue.
2. Click the "Switch" button to open the "Switch MSP" window.
3. The "Switch MSP" popup window will display:
 Current Highest Switch Request
 Switch Status
 Current Signal State of Working and Protection lines
4. To switch between Worker and Protection lines select the "Operator command
Card/Port" from list.
5. Select the "External Command" you want to issue to the selected Card/Port
from list.
6. Press the "Apply or Ok" button to change configuration.
7. Note that if a higher priority command is pending or you try to switch a lower
priority channel you will get a corresponding message and your last command
will not be executed.
TIP
"Manual Switch" without first clearing the current command.
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Protection Features
Fig. 42 Switch MSP 1:N I
3
4
Fig. 43 Switch MSP 1:N II
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Protection Features
5.2.4 MSP 1:N Deletion

1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration  MSP
Management".
network element.
3. Select the desired MSP to be deleted.
4. Press the "Delete" button.
5. A "Confirmation" window pops up. Click "Yes" to confirm. The MSP will be
deleted.
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Protection Features
Fig. 44 Delete MSP 1:N I
Fig. 45 Delete MSP 1:N II
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Protection Features
5.3 Path protection

5.3.1 Create bidirectional SNCP
To create a protected bidirectional cross connection, complete the following steps:
1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration  Cross-Connect
Management". The "Cross Connection Management" window is opened.
2. Click "Create" to open the "Create Cross Connection" window.
3. In the "Basic property" area, configure the following settings:
Type: From the drop-down list select either:
- Bidirectional Protected Tail End: The TP at the tail end is protected by the
working and protection TPs at the head end.
- Bidirectional Protected Head End: The CP at the head end is protected by the
working and protection CPs at the tail end.
Examples how to use the different types of protected cross-connections you can
see also in Fig. 48 and Fig. 49.
Circuit label: Enter the label name for the circuit. (Max. 64 characters, no "blank"
allowed, mandatory parameter)
Capacity: Select the desired VC capacity from the dropdown list.
4. Depending on the selected CC type, select the desired cards and ports from the
drop-down lists in the A, Z, A protection, and Z protection sub-areas as
applicable. All the corresponding TPs are listed in each area.
TIP
If the desired TPs are not listed, modify the TP multiplexing structure as required.
Select the desired TP(s) from each TP sub-pane in the A, Z, A protection, and Z
protection sub-areas. Multiple TPs can be selected, and the selected TP(s) will be
highlighted in blue.
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Protection Features
Fig. 46 Cross–Connection Management window
3
Manadatory
parameter
Fig. 47 Create a cross–connection I
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Protection Features
SNCP: Configuration Example I
W W
TP Z TP A
TP A TP Z
TP Z prot. P P TP A prot.
TP A TP Z TP A TP Z
TP Z protection TP A protection
Fig. 48 SNCP: Configuration Example I
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SNCP: Configuration Example II
W W
TP A TP Z
TP Z TP A
TP A prot. P P TP Z prot.
TP Z TP A TP Z TP A
TP A protection TP Z protection
Fig. 49 SNCP: Configuration Example II
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Protection Features
5. Configure the following settings in the "Protection property" area:

Restore mode: Select the desired restore mode (Revertive, Non – Revertive) from
the drop-down list.
Wait to restore: Enter the desired wait to restore time value (60-720 sec).
Intrusive mode: Select the desired intrusive mode from the drop-down list.
a) SNC/I: the switching criteria used to go from the working path to the protection
path are Signal Fail conditions (AIS and LOP), or the internal reaction (SSF) to
a higher order signal failure. SD is not used as criteria to switch over
b) SNC/N: additionally to the Signal Failures mentioned previously, the
information inside the VC POH is considered. So BIP error codes, path trace
mismatches and signal label incongruence are also reasons to switch over. In
order to support the SNCP/N protection, the corresponding CTPs alarm
monitoring has to be enabled.
Hold off time: Enter the hold off time value in multiples of 100 ms (1-100).
TIP
If the capacity of the CC is low order, e.g., VC-12:
 The "Wait to restore" time must be set to the same value as the its global
parameter value
 The "Hold off time" must be set to the same value as its global parameter value
or to 0.
To set these two global parameters, refer to paragraph 5.3.2: Configuring LO SNCP
Extended Parameters.
6. Click "Apply" to confirm the settings.
7. An information box will be displayed during the time taken by the network
element to create the cross–connection. After the cross–connection has been
successfully created information about the result is displayed. Click "Close" to
proceed.
8. Click "Query" in the "Cross Connection Management" window.
9. The CC data is listed in the "Cross Connection Management" window.
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Manadatory
parameter
Fig. 50 Create a cross–connection II
Scroll to see all

parameters
Fig. 51 Create a cross–connection III
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Protection Features
5.3.2 Configuring LO SNCP Extended Parameters

To configure the low order SNCP extended parameters, complete the following steps:
1. In the chassis main menu, select the "Configuration > LO SNCP Extend
Parameters" menu item. The "LO SNCP Extend Parameters Setting" window
is opened.
2. Configure the following global LO SNCP parameter settings:
 Wait to restore: Enter the wait to restore time between 60 seconds to 720
seconds. It is available only when the Restore mode for a protected path is set to
"Revertive".
 Hold off time: Enter a number between 0 to 100 for an SNCP in steps of 100 ms.
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Fig. 52 LO SNCP Extend Parameters Setting window
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Protection Features
5.3.3 View / Switch SNCP

To view and or switch a protected Cross –connection:
1. Go to Configuration  Cross - Connect Management.
2. Click "Query" to list all cross – connections.
3. Select the desired protected connection (all the line will turn to blue background).
4. Click the "View" button. The "Detail of Cross – Connection" window will open.
5. To obtain the current SNCP status and / or to issue maintenance commands click
the "Switch" button. The "SNCP Switch" window will pop up.
The following "SNCP status" information will be displayed:
 Active Path: Displays the operating status of the active path.
 Current Request: Displays the current switch request.
 Working Signal State: Displays the working signal state.
 Protection Signal State: Displays the protection signal state.
Fig. 53 View / Switch SNCP I
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Fig. 54 View / Switch SNCP II
6. Choose a maintenance command from list. The commands available are:

Clear: this command clears all of the externally initiated switch commands and
WTR at the node to which the command is addressed
Lockout of Protection: the selected path is the working one. Protection is blocked
for this NE
Forced Switch to Working: selected path is working even when the path is failed
Forced Switch to Protection: selected path is protection even when the path is
failed
Manual Switch to Working: selected path is working if the signal is in normal
state.
Manual Switch to Protection: selected path is protection if the signal is in normal
state.
7. Click the "Apply" button to execute the command.
TIP
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Protection Features
SNCP Switch Requests

Clear Highest
Lockout of Protection 
Forced Switch .
Signal Fail .
Signal Degrade (not available for SNCP/I) .
Manual Switch .
Wait-To-Restore 
No Request Lowest
Fig. 55 SNCP Switch Requests
Fig. 56 View / Switch SNCP III
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5.3.4 Modify SNCP Protection Properties

To modify the protection properties of an existing protected cross-connection:
1. Go to Configuration  Cross-Connect Management.
2. Click "Query" to list all cross-connections.
3. From the list in the "Cross-Connection Management" window select the cross-
connection you want to modify.
4. Click the "Modify" button. The "Modify Cross-Connection" window will pop up.
5. Change the "Circuit label" and the "Protection properties" as required.
6. Click the "Modify" button to make your changes permanent.
7. A "Message" window will pop up. Click "OK" button to confirm.
Fig. 57 Modify SNCP Protection Properties I
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Protection Features
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Fig. 58 Modify SNCP Protection Properties II
5.3.5 Reconfigure a Protected Path

To change TP for working or protection path for a protected cross-connection:
1. From the list in the "Cross-Connection Management" window select the
protected cross-connection you want to modify.
3. Select the end to be modified from the "Reconfigure SNCP" drop-down list.
4. Depending on the selected channel, the A, Z, A protection, or Z protection sub-
area is activated for configuration. Select the desired card, port and TP from the
drop-down lists in the sub-area.
TIP
Use "Force Switch" commands on the path ends to make sure, that the currently
active path is the one which you still keep in your configuration; otherwise path
reconfiguration might fail.
5. Click the "Reconfigure SNCP" button to apply your settings.
6. A "Confirmation" window will pop up. Click the "Yes" button if you want to
proceed with the action selected.
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Fig. 59 Reconfigure SNCP I
6
4
Fig. 60 Reconfigure SNCP II
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Protection Features
5.3.6 Remove Protection from existing Protected Cross -

connection
To remove protection from a protected cross - connection:
protected cross-connection you want to modify.
3. Select Working or Protection channel which should be still used in the cross-
connection.
TIP
Make sure on both path ends, that the currently active path is the one which you still
keep in your configuration; otherwise a short traffic hit will occur.
4. Click the "Convert to CC" button to remove the other channel.
Fig. 61 Remove Protection from existing Protected Cross-Connection I
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Protection Features
Fig. 62 Remove Protection from existing Protected Cross-Connection II
5.3.7 Add protection to existing Unprotected Cross-connection

To add a protection path to an unprotected cross-connection:
unprotected cross-connection you want to modify.
3. Change the "Type" of cross-connection to "Bidirectional Protected Tail End" or
"Bidirectional Protected Head End" as appropriate.
4. Configure "TP A Protection" or "TP Z Protection" respectively: Select Card,
Port and TP number from list
5. Configure the "Protection Properties" as required.
6. Click the "Add Protection" button to add the protection path.
7. A "Message" window will pop up. Click the "OK" button to confirm.
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Protection Features
Fig. 63 Add protection to an unprotected cross-connection I
Fig. 64 Add protection to an unprotected cross-connection II
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5.3.8 Delete SNCP

To delete a protected Cross-Connection:
desired cross-connection to be deleted.
2. Click the "Delete" button.
3. A "Confirmation" dialog box will pop up. Click "Yes" to proceed.
4. An information box will be displayed during the time taken by the network
element to delete the cross-connection. After the cross-connection has been
successfully deleted information about the result is displayed. Click "Close" to
proceed.
Fig. 65 Deleting a protected cross-connection
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Protection Features
5.4 E1; E3/DS3 and STM-1 Electrical Card Protection

5.4.1 Create card protection
In order to enable card protection for the E1; E3/DS3 and STM-1 cards, please follow
these procedures:
1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration  EPG Management".
The "EPG Management" window will pop up.
2. The window displays the existing Card Protection Groups. In order to create a
new one, press "Create" button.
In this new window there are several settings to be select:
3. EPG type: Set the kind of card protection to enable: 1: N E1; 1: N E3DS3 or 1: N
STM-1E.
4. Revertive mode: Fixed to Revertive.
5. Protection card: According with the protection type, the equipment will detect
automatically if a card is placed into the protection slot and it will be displayed.
6. Wait to restore: Set the maximum recover time from 0 up to 720 seconds (the
default value is 300 sec).
7. Use the arrows to select and/or remove the desired working cards from the list.
8. Click "Create" button to create the protection group.
9. A "Message" window will pop up. Click "Ok" to proceed.
10. A "Confirmation" window will pop up. Click "Yes" button to "Enable" the EPG.
11. In case that not all I/O cards for the worker card(s) are equipped another
"Confirmation" window with a warning message will pop up. Click "Yes" to
proceed.
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Fig. 66 Create EPG I
3 4
7
8
12
9
10
11
Fig. 67 Create and enable EPG II
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Protection Features
5.4.2 Modify EPG

In order to modify one of the existing card protections, follow these steps:
1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration EPG Management".
2. From the list of EPGs select the desired protection group. The background color
will turn to blue.
3. Click "Modify" to open the "Modify EPG" window.
4. Modify the value in the "Wait to restore" text box if required.
5. Click "Apply" to confirm the modification.
7. In case you want to change the members of the protection group you need to
click the "Disable" button.
8. A "Confirmation" window will pop up. Click "Yes" button to "Disable" the EPG.
9. Another "Message" window will pop up. Click "Ok" to proceed.
10. Use the left arrow button and the right arrow button to modify the working card(s).
11. Click "Apply" to store the new settings.
12. Another "Message" window will pop up. Click "Ok" to proceed.
13. Click "Enable" to enable the modified EPG.
14. In case that not all I/O cards for the worker card(s) are equipped another
"Confirmation" window with a warning message will pop up. Click "Yes" to
proceed.
15. A "Message" window will pop up. Click "Ok" to proceed. The EPG is now
configured as desired.
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Fig. 68 EPG modifications I
4
6
7 5
14
10 9
11
13
15
12
Fig. 69 EPG modifications II
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Protection Features
5.4.3 Switching EPG

In order to switch EPG, please complete the following steps:
1. In the chassis main menu, select the "Configuration  EPG Management"
menu item. The "EPG Management" window is opened.
2. Select an item from the list (it is highlighted in blue) and click "Switch" to open
the "EPG External Command" window.
3. Select the desired item from the "External Command" drop-down list. Note that
the priority of the commands is getting lower from the top to the bottom. The
following externally initiated commands are supported.
 Clear: This command clears all of the externally initiated switch commands and
WTR at the node to which the command is addressed.
 Lockout of Protection (LP): Prevents the selector from switching to the protection
card.
 Forced Switch to Protection (FS-P) from Working Slot (x): Switches the selector
from the working slot (x) to the protection card.
 Forced Switch to Working (x) (FS-Wx): Switches the selector from the protection
card to the working slot (x).
 Manual Switch to Protection (MS-P) from Working Slot (x): Switches the selector
from the working card (x) to the protection card.
 Manual Switch to Working slot (x) (MS-Wx): Switches the selector from the
protection card to the working slot (x).
4. When "Forced Switch to Protection" or "Manual Switch to Protection" is
selected, the "Working cards" drop-down list is enabled. Select the desired
working card.
6. An information window will pop. Click "OK" to proceed.
TIP
No external protection request will be accepted when the EPG is disabled.
TIP
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Fig. 70 Switching EPG I
4
5
Fig. 71 Switching EPG II
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Protection Features
Automatically initiated commands

The following automatically initiated commands are supported as well:
 Working slot (x) or Protection Unit Fail (UF): Defined by the removal of the board
or the board failure (board type mismatch, cold reboot, card failure) Note: warm
reboot will not cause card switch.
 Wait-To-Restore (WTR): To prevent frequent operation of the selector due to an
intermittent fault. Applies to the switching only due to UF.
Latch switch
The switching can be also performed by means of the hardware. The 126xE1 and
16xSTM-1E cards card has two latches, at the top and at the bottom. They are used
to extract/ insert the card on the shelf and also to keep it fixed. There is an internal
switch associated with the top latch.
When the respective latch is pressed on the active the card it will initiate the
switchover. The reason for this is to detect that a card is going to be extracted and
make the changeover before it happens. This allows for shorter traffic interruptions.
EPG Switch Requests
Local request
(i.e. automatically initiated command, state, Order of priority
or externally initiated command)
Clear Highest
Lockout of Protection 
Forced Switch (Working Slot (x)) 
Forced Switch (Protection) .
Protection Unit Fail 
Working slot (x) Unit Fail The priorities for 2 slots are equal. Only the first request will be
executed when there are more than two Unit Fail request.
Protection Unit Latch Switch Open 
Working Slot (x) Unit Latch Switch Open 
Manual Switch (Working Slot (x)) 
Manual Switch (Protection) .
Wait-To-Restore (Working Slot (x)) 
No Request Lowest
Fig. 72 EPGSwitch Requests
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Protection Features
Switch
hiT 7080 HOCC Card

Fig. 73 Card protection: Latch switch
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Protection Features
5.4.4 Delete Card Protection

In order to delete an EPG, please complete the following steps:
1. From "Chassis View" main menu select "Configuration  EPG Management".
2. From the list of EPGs select the desired protection group. The background color
will turn to blue.
3. Click "Delete" to delete the EPG.
4. A "Confirmation" window will pop up. Click "Yes" button to delete the EPG.
5. Another "Confirmation" window will pop up. Click "Yes" button to remove the
protection.
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Fig. 74 EPG deletion process
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Protection Features
5.5 CC 1+1 Card Protection

CC Switch 1+1 Card protection is auto-configuring whenever there are two switch
cards inserted on the hiT 7065 subracks. Cross Connection function, Overhead
Cross Connection function and timing function are provided by CC card. All these
functions are protected by EPG.
To identify which switch card is currently active an operator can look at the ACT LED
on the card. This can be seen either on the card or on the LCT program.
Switching between the two cards can be performed by:
1. Selecting "Configuration  CC 1+1 Protection" from the "Chassis View"
main menu.
2. This window will display:
 Current operation state of each card
 Current Latch State of each card
 Current Active Card
 Last switching status
 Switching status
3. An operator can perform a "Manual Switch" between the two cards by selecting
the appropriate Switch Request.
4. Press the "Apply" button.
The following externally initiated commands are supported:
 Manual Switch to Protection CC (MS-P): switches from the working CC to the
protection CC.
 Manual Switch to Working CC (MS-W): switches from the protection CC to the
working CC.
The switching command will not be restored in the NE, once it is applied, this
command will be cleared.
The following automatically initiated command is supported:
 Working CC or Protection CC Unit Failure (UF): Working CC or Protection CC Unit
Fail (UF): Defined by the removal of the board or the board failure (including cold
reboot and warm reboot CC card and card failure. Because SW 1:N MSP and MS
SPRing protection function work on CC card, these functions cannot work during
warm reboot. Warm reboot will be treated as Unit Fail and switching will happen).
When both working CC and protection CC are failed (not Latch opened), all
service cards will enter “faulty” state (SC is still normal).
The priority of local requests (i.e. automatically initiated command or externally
initiated command) is shown in Fig. 76.
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Card status
2
3
Fig. 75 CC card protection: Software switching
CC Switch Requests
Local request
(i.e. automatically initiated command, state, or Order of priority
externally initiated command)
Working CC or Protection CC Fail Highest.
Protection CC Latch Switch Open .
Working CC Latch Switch Open .
Manual Switch to (Working CC) .
Manual Switch to (Protection CC) .
No Request Lowest
Fig. 76 CC Switch Requests
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Latch switch
The switching can be also performed by means of the hardware. The CC card has
two latches, at the top and at the bottom. They are used to extract/ insert the card on
the shelf and also to keep it fixed. There is an internal switch associated with the top
latch.
When the respective latch is pressed on the active the card it will initiate the
switchover. The reason for this is to detect that a card is going to be extracted and
make the changeover before it happens. This allows for shorter traffic interruptions.
WARNING
There must be two minutes between two consecutive CC card switches to
ensure no traffic hit.
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Switch
hiT 7080 HOCC Card

Fig. 77 CC 1+1 card protection: Hardware switching
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© 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Protection Features
5.6 System Controller 1+1 Card Protection

SC 1 + 1 protection prevents SC functions from failing, including failure of software
tasks and MIB files, and guarantees at least one SC card is working in the normal
state and the system can provide continuous service.
The system creates the SC 1+1 protection group automatically if there are two SCs
installed in the system.
To trigger the SC 1 + 1 protection switch, complete the following steps:
1. In the "Chassis View" main menu, select the "Configuration  SC 1+1
Protection" menu item. The "SC 1+1 Protection" window is opened.
2. The user can view the basic information of both SC cards.
3. Click the "Check" button to acquire "MIB synchronization status" for MIB files
between active and standby SC card.
4. If it is necessary to switch the SC card, the user can select the desired
maintenance command from the "Switch request" drop-down list.
When the SC 1+1 switch is triggered, all the card with exception of the CC card will
turn into the fault state for several seconds, but is doesn't affect the traffic. After
several seconds, they will turn to the normal state.
The following externally initiated commands are supported:
 Lockout of Protection: the switching function in the system will be frozen
 Manual Switch to SC(x): the standby card will do warm reboot
TIP
There must be at least a six minutes interval between successive SC 1 + 1
switches to ensure system stability!
TIP
The user has to make sure the GMPLS function is enabled before doing the SC 1 + 1
switch. The "Protecting GMPLS controller operational status" must be
"enabled". If the "Call Management" and "LSP Management" windows can be
opened, the user can continue the SC 1 + 1 switch.
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3
4
Fig. 78 SC switching procedures
SC Switch Requests
Requests Switch Priority

Clear Highest
Lockout 
Card removed (Present) .
Unit failure .
Latch open .
Manual Switch 
No request Lowest
Fig. 79 CC Switch Requests
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6 Exercise
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Exercise 1
Title:
MSP 1+1 Configuration
Objectives:
Setup and check the MSP 1+1 protection
Pre-requisite:
Active NEs connected together via redundant lines
Task
Ask your instructor for the name of your team (e.g. student01), name and IP address
of the network element which will be used for the exercises (e.g. NE name:
Karlsruhe, NE IP address: 172.16.65.61, NE management IP address: 10.10.7.10/
255.255.255.240) and write it down in the list below.
I am working with the team: student _ _

Name of the real NE: ____________________
NE IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT Net Mask : __ . __ . __ . __
Fig. 80 Team Assignment
Each team has to configure a CC and a MSP according to the details given in Fig. 81
and the tables below.
Common MSP 1+1 configuration parameters for all teams:
 MSP Mode: 1+1
 Port Type: STM-4
 Wait To Restore: 60 seconds
 Group Label: One+One
 Switch Direction: Bidirectional
 Operation Mode: Revertive
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Team specific parameters for Worker and Protection lines:
Team 1: NE Karlsruhe
Worker channel Card Port
Working Multiplex Section Slot 9 <16 x STM-4/1> P01 (STM-4)
Protection Multiplex Section Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1> P01 (STM-4)
Team 2: NE Kassel
Channel Card Port
Team 3: NE Salzgitter
Channel Card Port
Team 4: NE Speyer
Worker channel Card Port
Now, according with your team, proceed to make the following cross-connections
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Protection Features
Team Type Capacity Label TPA TPZ

Slot 9. Port # 1
Bidirectional VC-12 Yellow Slot 1. Port # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1
1
Slot 9. Port # 2
Bidirectional VC-12 Red AU-4 # 1 Slot 1. Port # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 9. Port # 2 Slot 10. Port # 1
2 Bidirectional VC-12 Yellow AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 9.Port # 1 Slot 9. Port # 2
3 Bidirectional VC-12 Red AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 10.Port # 2
Bidirectional VC-12 Yellow AU-4 # 1 Slot 1. Port # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1
4
Bidirectional VC-12 Red AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
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IP: 10.10.5.136 MSP 1+1: MUX Plan

STM 4
Loop
STM 4
MSP 1+1
2 Mbps Electrical
W P STM 4 P W
Slot Slot Slot Slot

LC13 Slot Slot Slot Slot
#2 10 #3 9 #1 10 #1 LC7
1 #5 10 #2 9 #2 10 #3 1 #2 C
C
Slot 7065
7065 Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (KA)
(KA) #1#2 7065
7065 Kassel
Kassel (KS)
(KS) Slot
2
1#1 172.16.65.61
172.16.65.61 STM 16 172.16.65.62
172.16.65.62 1#1
Slot 5 Slot 4
10.10.7.10
10.10.7.10 10.10.7.20
10.10.7.20
#1
LC7 #1 C5
Slot 4 Slot
#1 Slot Slot Slot 4 Slot #2 Slot 4 Slot Slot Slot C
#1
9 #2 10 #2 #2 10 #5 #2 10 #5 9 #1 10 #1 1
W P W P
Team 1 Team 2
MSP MSP
1+1 1+1
STM 16
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
Team 3 Team 4
W P W P
Slot Slot Slot Slot 4 Slot Slot 4 Slot Slot
C4
Slot
Slot 5 9 #1 10 #1 10 #5 #2 10 #5 #2 9 #2 10 #2
C
#1
#1 #2 7065
7065
7065 Salzgitter
Salzgitter (SZ)
(SZ) Slot 5 7065 Speyer
Speyer (SP)
(SP) 1
Slot 4 Slot 5 172.16.65.64 STM-1 Electrical
Slot 172.16.65.63
172.16.65.63 #1 172.16.65.64 Slot
#1 STM 16 #1 10.10.7.50
1#2 10.10.7.40
10.10.7.40 10.10.7.50 C
9#13
C
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot 2
1 #1 10 #3 9 #2 10 #2 10 #1 9 #1 10 #3 1 #1
W P STM 4 P W
MSP 1+1
W . . . Worker section STM 4
Loop
P . . . Protection section
STM 4 IP: 10.10.5.135
Fig. 81 1 +1 MSP: Mux Plan
Query
1. Configure the MSP 1+1 and the cross-connection(s) as stated above.
2. Once your partner teams have finished the configuration settings, check if the
MSP 1+1 protection are using the configured working lines. This is indicated by a
"Working" switch status.
3. Once you have checked that the working line is carrying the traffic, make sure
that there is no switch request pending on the MSP. With the help of the
instructor check that the normal traffic is up and running using the measurement
instruments.
4. Ask your instructor to shutdown the laser at one of the worker line sections and
verify if the protection line is selected. Verify also if the measurement instrument
still has normal traffic. If this is not the case, find out the reason.
5. Ask your instructor to enable the laser again on the working line. Is the traffic
switched back to the working line? If not, find out the reason.
6. When all the previous steps have been completed, please delete all the MSP
protection and cross-connections.
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FINISH.
I’ve got it !
Fig. 82 End of exercise 1
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Exercise 2
Title:
MSP 1:N Configuration
Objectives:
Setup and verify a MSP 1:N protection
Pre-requisite:
Active NEs connected together via redundant lines
Task

NE IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT Net Mask : __ . __ . __ . __
Each team has to configure a CC and a MSP according to the details given in Fig. 84
and in the tables below.
Common MSP 1:N configuration parameters for all teams:
 MSP Mode: 1:N
 Port Type: STM-4
 Wait To Restore: 60 seconds.
 Group Label: One2N
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Team specific parameters Worker and Protection lines:
Team 1: NE Karlsruhe
Worker channel Working Card Working Port Priority
1 Slot 9 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P01 (STM-4) High
2 Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P01 (STM-4) Low
Protection Card Protection Port
Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P03 (STM-4)
Team 2: Kassel
Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P03 (STM-4)
Team 3: Salzgitter
Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P03 (STM-4)
Team 4: Speyer
Slot 10 <16 x STM-4/1 M> P03 (STM-4)
According with your team, proceed now with the following cross-connections:
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Team Type Level Name TPA TPZ

Slot 9. Port # 1
Yellow Slot 1. Port # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 9. Port # 2 Slot10. Port # 1
1 Bidirectional VC-12 Blue AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Red AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Yellow AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 10. Port # 2
2 Bidirectional VC-12 Blue AU-4 # 1 Slot 1. Port # 2
TU-12 # 1.1.1
Red AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 1.1.1
Slot 9. Port # 2
Yellow AU-4 # 1 Slot 1. Port # 2
TU-12 # 1.1.1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 10. Port # 3
Red AU-4 # 1 Slot 1. Port # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1
Yellow AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Red AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
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IP: 10.10.5.136
1:N MSP: MUX Plan
STM-1 Optical
EXTRA STM 4
Loop
W1 (H) STM 4
2 Mbps MSP 1:N
Electrical W2 (L) STM 4
Slot
LC13 Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
#13 10 #3 9 #1 10 #1 LC7
10 #5 10 #2 9 #2 10 #3 1 #2 C
C
Slot 7065 Karlsruhe
7065 Karlsruhe (KA)
(KA) #1#2 7065
7065 Kassel
Kassel (KS)
(KS) Slot
2
1#1 172.16.65.61
172.16.65.61 STM 16 172.16.65.62
172.16.65.62 1#1
Slot 5 Slot 4
10.10.7.10
10.10.7.10 10.10.7.20
10.10.7.20
#1
LC7 #1 C5
Slot 4 Slot
#1
9 #2 10 #2 #2 10 #5 #2 10 #5 9 #1 10 #1 1
Team 1 Team 2
STM 16
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
Team 3 Team 4

C4
Slot
Slot 5 9 #1 10 #1 10 #5 #2 10 #5 #2 9 #2 10 #2
C
#1
#1 #2 7065
7065
7065 Salzgitter
Salzgitter (SZ)
(SZ) Slot
Slot 5
5 7065 Speyer
Speyer (SP)
(SP) 1
172.16.65.63 Slot 4 172.16.65.64 STM-1 Electrical
Slot 172.16.65.63 #1 172.16.65.64 Slot
Loop #1 STM 16 #1 10.10.7.50
1#2 10.10.7.40
10.10.7.40 10.10.7.50 C
9#13
C
1 #1 10 #3 9 #2 10 #2 10 #1 9 #1 10 #3 1 #1
W2 (L) STM 4
MSP 1:N
W1 (H) STM 4
Loop
EXTRA STM 4 IP: 10.10.5.135
Fig. 84 1:N MSP: Mux Plan
Query
1. Configure and enable the MSP 1:N. Setup the cross-connection as stated above.
2. Once your partner teams have finished with the configuration, check if the MSP
protection is using the configured working lines. This is indicated by a "Working"
switch status.
3. Make sure that there is no switch request pending on the MSP. With the help of
the instructor check that the normal traffic as well as the extra traffic is up and
running on the measurement instruments.
Traffic Flow OK NOT OK

Worker 1 (High Priority)
Worker 2 (Low Priority)
Extra Traffic
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Protection Features
4. Ask your instructor to shutdown the laser on the worker line W2(L) between NE
"Karlsruhe" and the NE "Kassel". Verify the traffic flows.

Extra Traffic
5. Now request to your instructor to shutdown the laser on the worker line W1(H)
between NE "Karlsruhe" and NE "Kassel". Verify the traffic flows.

Extra Traffic
6. Ask your instructor to enable the laser again on the worker line W2(L) between
NE "Karlsruhe" and NE "Kassel". Verify the traffic flows.

Extra Traffic
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Protection Features
7. Finally, ask your instructor to enable the laser again on the worker line W1(H)
between NE "Karlsruhe" and NE "Kassel" and check the traffic flows.

Extra Traffic
8. At the end, please delete the MSP and all cross – connections created.
FINISH.
I’ve got it !
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Protection Features
Exercise 3
Title:
Path Protection
Objectives:
Setup and Test a Path protection
Pre-requisite:
Active NEs connected together via alternate routes
Task

NE IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT Net Mask : __ . __ . __ . __
Team 1 and 4 has to configure a SNCP protection according to the details given in
Fig. 87.
Team 2 and 3 has to configure a SNCP protection according to the details given in
Fig. 88.
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IP: 10.10.5.136
SNCP for Team 1 and 4 : MUX Plan
STM 4
STM 4
2 Mbps Electrical
STM 4
Slot Slot Slot Slot

#2 10 #3 9 #1 10 #1 LC7
1#5 10 #2 9 #2 10 #3 1 #2 C
C
Slot 7065
7065 Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (KA)
(KA) #1#2 W W 7065
7065 Kassel
Kassel (KS)
(KS) Slot
2
1#1 172.16.65.61
172.16.65.61 STM 16 172.16.65.62
172.16.65.62 1#1
Slot 5 Slot 4
10.10.7.10
10.10.7.10 10.10.7.20
10.10.7.20
#1
LC7 #1 C5
Slot 4 Slot
#1
9 #2 10 #2 #2 10 #5 #2 10 #5 9 #1 10 #1 1
P W
Team 1
STM 16
STM 16
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
Team 4
P W
C4
Slot
Slot 5 9 #1 10 #1 10 #5 #2 10 #5 #2 9 #2 10 #2
C
#1
#1 #2 7065
7065
7065 Salzgitter
Salzgitter (SZ)
Speyer (SP)
(SP) 1
Slot 4 Slot 5 172.16.65.64
Slot 172.16.65.63
172.16.65.63 #1 172.16.65.64 Slot
#1 STM 16 #1 10.10.7.50
1#2 10.10.7.40
10.10.7.40 10.10.7.50 C
9#13
C
1 #1 10 #3 9 #2 10 #2 10 #1 9 #1 10 #3 1 #2
STM 4
W . . . Worker path STM 4

Loop
P . . . Protection path
STM 4
Fig. 87 SNCP Mux Plan: Team 1 and 4
Common SNCP configuration parameters:

 Type: Bidirectional
 Circuit Label: SNCP1
 Capacity: VC-12
 Restore Mode: Revertive
 Intrusive Mode: SNCP/N
 Hold Off Time: 0
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According with your assigned team, please proceed to create the following cross –
connections:
Source TP Working TP Protection TP

Team Equipment Name
(TPA) (TPZ) (TPZ')
Slot 1. Port # 1
Karlsruhe SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU 12
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
1
Kassel SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 1. Port # 2
4 Speyer SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
SNCP for Team 2 and 3: MUX Plan

IP: 10.10.5.135
STM 4
STM 4
STM 4
Slot Slot Slot Slot

#2 10 #3 9 #1 10 #1 LC7
1 #5 10 #2 9 #2 10 #3 1 #2 C
C
Slot 7065
7065 Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (KA)
(KA) #1#2 7065
7065 Kassel
Kassel (KS)
(KS) Slot
2
1#1 172.16.65.61
172.16.65.61 STM 16 172.16.65.62
172.16.65.62 1#1 2 Mbps Electrical
Slot 5 Slot 4
10.10.7.10
10.10.7.10 10.10.7.20
10.10.7.20
#1
LC7 #1 C5
Slot 4 Slot
#1 W
9 #2 10 #2 #2 10 #5 #2 10 #5 9 #1 10 #1 1
P
Team 2
STM 16
STM 4
STM 16
STM 4
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
Team 3
P
C
Slot 5 9 #1 10 #1 10 #5 #2 10 #5 #2 9 #2 10 #2 Slot 4 W
C
#1
#1 #2 7065
7065
7065 Salzgitter
Salzgitter (SZ)
Speyer (SP)
(SP) 1
Slot 4 W Slot 5 172.16.65.64
Slot 172.16.65.63
172.16.65.63 #1 172.16.65.64 Slot
Loop #1 STM 16 #1 10.10.7.50
1#2 10.10.7.40
10.10.7.40 10.10.7.50 C
9#13
C
1 #1 10 #3 9 #2 10 #2 10 #1 9 #1 10 #3 1 #1
STM 4 P W
W . . . Worker path STM 4

P . . . Protection path
STM 4
Fig. 88 SNCP Mux Plan: Team 2 and 3
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Protection Features
Common SNCP configuration parameters:

 Type: Bidirectional
 Circuit Label: SNCP2
 Capacity: VC-12
 Restore Mode: Revertive
 Intrusive Mode: SNCP/N
 Hold Off Time: 0
According with your assigned team, please proceed to create the following cross –
connections:
Source TP Working TP Protection TP

Team Equipment Name
(TPA) (TPZ) (TPZ')
Slot 1. Port # 1
2 Kassel SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Speyer SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
3
Slot 1. Port # 2
Salzgitter SNCP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Query
1. Ask the instructor to setup the measurement instrument, and verify there are no
errors detected for the test path
2. Check if the SNCP is using the worker path. If not, switchover the traffic to the
worker path, verify the traffic flow with the help of the measurement instruments.
Make sure the protection is in the normal status.
3. Ask your instructor to interrupt the traffic over the working path and verify on the
NE that the traffic switched to the protection path. Verify the traffic flow with the
help of the measurement instruments.
4. Repair the worker path and verify that the traffic switches back after the WTR
timer has expired.
FT52526EN03GLC0
104 © 2013 Coriant
Protection Features
5. Delete the protection path. Verify the traffic flow with the help of the
measurement instruments.
6. Once all the previous steps have been completed, delete the protection and
remaining cross-connections.
FINISH.
I’ve got it !
FT52526EN03GLC0
© 2013 Coriant
105
Protection Features
Exercise 4
Title:
Electrical Card Protection Group
Objectives:
Setup and test Electrical Card Protection Groups
Pre-requisite:
Active NEs connected together via alternate routes
Task

NE IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT IP address : __ . __ . __ . __
MGMT Net Mask : __ . __ . __ . __
This exercise will deal with both STM-1E and E1 card protection. In a way to create
these protections, please follow the MUX diagram in Fig. 91.
FT52526EN03GLC0
106 © 2013 Coriant
Protection Features
IP: 10.10.5.136
E1 + STM-1E Card Protection : MUX Plan
STM 4
Loop
STM 4
2 Mbps Electrical
STM 4
Slot Slot
LC13 Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
1 #5
#2 10 #3 9 #1 10 #1 LC7 10 #2 9 #2 10 #3 11 #1 C
C
Slot 7065
7065 Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (KA)
(KA) #1#2 7065
7065 Kassel
Kassel (KS)
(KS) Slot
2
1#1 172.16.65.61
172.16.65.61 STM 16 172.16.65.62
172.16.65.62 1#1
Slot 5 Slot 4
10.10.7.10
10.10.7.10 10.10.7.20
10.10.7.20
#1
LC7 #1 C5
Slot 4 Slot
#1
9 #2 10 #2 #2 10 #5 #2 10 #5 9 #1 10 #1 1
Team 1 Team 2
STM 16
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
STM 4
STM 4
STM 16
Team 4 Team 3

C4
Slot
Slot 5 9 #1 10 #1 10 #5 #2 10 #5 #2 9 #2 10 #2
C
#1
#1 #2 7065
7065
7065 Salzgitter
Salzgitter (SZ)
(SZ) Slot 5 7065 Spe
Spe yer
yer (SP)
(SP) 1
Slot 4 Slot 5 172.16.65.64 STM-1 Electrical
Slot 172.16.65.63
172.16.65.63 #1 172.16.65.64 Slot
Loop #1 STM 16 #1 10.10.7.50
1#2 10.10.7.40
10.10.7.40 10.10.7.50 C
11#1
C
1 #1 10 #3 9 #2 10 #2 10 #1 9 #1 10 #3 1 #2
STM 4
STM 4
IP: 10.10.5.135
Fig. 91 E1 + STM-1E card protection: MUX Plan
Create and enable the following Electrical Card Protection Groups:
Working Protecting
Team NE EPG Type WTR
Card card
1 Karlsruhe 1:N E1 Slot 1 Slot 3 30 (sec)
2 Kassel 1:N STM-1 E Slot 11 Slot 13 30 (sec)
4 Salzgitter 1:N E1 Slot 1 Slot 3 30 (sec)
3 Speyer 1:N STM-1 E Slot 11 Slot 13 30 (sec)
FT52526EN03GLC0
© 2013 Coriant
107
Protection Features
Create the following Cross–connections

Team NE Type Level Name TPA TPZ
Slot 5. Port # 1
Slot 1. Port # 1
1 Karlsruhe Bidirectional VC-12 CP AU-4 # 1
TU-12
TU-12 # 1.1.1
2 Kassel Bidirectional VC-12 CP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
3 Speyer Bidirectional VC-12 CP AU-4 # 1 AU-4 # 1
TU-12 # 1.1.1 TU-12 # 1.1.1
Slot 4. Port # 1
Slot 1. Port # 2
4 Salzgitter Bidirectional VC-12 CP AU-4 # 1
TU-12
TU-12 # 1.1.1
Query
1. After creation of cross-connections contact your instructor. He will prove the
functionality of the created paths using a PDH/SDH test set
2. Check if the traffic is passing through 126 x E1 and 16 x STM-1 E working cards.
3. In NE Karlsruhe/Salzgitter "Cold Reboot" the 126 x E1 working card in Slot 1.
Check the protection state of the EPG and the test analyzer to verify if the traffic
is still running. Wait until the card has rebooted and comes back to "Active" state.
The EPG should revert back to "Working".
4. In NE Kassel/Speyer "Cold Reboot" the 16 x STM-1E working card in Slot 11.
Check the protection state of the EPG and the test analyzer to verify if the traffic
is still running. Wait until the card has rebooted and comes back to "Active" state.
The EPG should revert back to "Working".
Once all the previous steps have been reached and fulfilled, delete the protection and
remaining cross-connections.
FT52526EN03GLC0
108 © 2013 Coriant

06 FT52526EN03GLC0 Protection

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Protection Features

1 Protection features general

Drop & Continue

Self Healing Ring Protection

Multiplex Section Protection MS-SPRING/2

Fig. 1 Protection features

1.1 Protection architectures

1+1 protection in fault-free case

Fig. 2 1+1 protection in fault-free case

1+1 protection in case of fault

Fig. 3 1+1 protection in faulty case

1:N protection architecture

1:n protection without extra traffic in fault-free case

Null signal (0) Null signal (0)

Normal (1) Normal (1)

Normal (2) Normal (2)

Normal (n) Normal (n)

Extra (n+1) Protection (0) AIS Extra (n+1)

1:n protection without extra traffic in case of fault

Null signal (0) Null signal (0)

Normal (1) Normal (1)

Normal (2) Normal (2)

Extra (n+1) Protection (0) AIS Extra (n+1)

1.2 Switching types

Unidirectional switching: Worker line used

Fig. 6 Principle of unidirectional switching: Worker line used

Unidirectional switching: Protection line used

Fig. 7 Principle of unidirectional switching: Protection line used

Bi-directional switching: Worker line used

Fig. 8 Principle of bi – directional switching: Worker line used

Bi-directional switching: Protection line used

Fig. 9 Principle of bi – directional switching: Protection line used

1.3 Protection mode

Revertive protection switching

Non-revertive protection mode

error free worker

Fig. 10 Principle of non – revertive operation

Revertive protection mode

WORKER Path fault clearance WTR

Fig. 11 Principle of revertive operation

2.1 MSP Line protection

2.2 Path protection

Fig. 12 Principle of line protection

Working Path Protection Path

Fig. 13 Principle of path protection

2.3 Multiplex Section – Self Protecting Ring (MS-

Worker n . . . Normal Traffic

Fig. 14 Multiplex Section Self Protecting Ring – Normal state

Worker n . . . Normal Traffic

Fig. 15 Multiplex Section Self Protecting Ring – Activated State

2.3.1 2 Fiber and 4 Fiber MS-SPRing ring

STM # 1-8 STM # 1-8

STM # 1-8 STM # 1-8

STM # 1-16 STM # 1-16

protection protection Fiber 2

2.3.2 Non pre – emptible Unprotected Traffic (NUT)

Non pre-emptible Unprotected Traffic (NUT)

With VC-4 # 3 as a NUT Container

Protected Container Protecting Container Unprotected Container

3.1 1:N card protection

3.2 1+1 card protection

1:N Card Protection

protection module working modules