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6, JUNE 2014
Abstract—A novel planar octagonal-shaped antenna with frequency selective surfaces (FSS) [17] are the other reported
reduced radar cross section (RCS) for ultra-wideband (UWB) techniques. Beside these techniques, radar absorbing material
applications is designed and demonstrated experimentally. The (RAM) [18]–[20] and the shaping of the target geometry [21],
proposed antenna is modified using the geometrical shaping
method in order to get the RCS reduction. This method is based [22] are the other popular and practiced solutions used for
on the subtraction of metal areas which have the minimum cur- reducing RCS. But in ultra-wide operation band, the coating of
rent distributions on the surface of printed antenna. Both of the RAM becomes useless because of its narrow operation band.
reference and modified octagonal-shaped antennas are operating Those proposed RCS reduction designs are decreasing the
at 2.5–18 GHz frequency range with %151 fractional bandwidths. radar signature while they are increasing the cost of the system
The full-wave electromagnetic simulations and laboratory mea-
surements are performed to characterize their RCSs as a function and reducing the total antenna performance. Hereby, the RCS
of frequency, radiation patterns and scattering characteristics. reduction of an antenna without compromising its radiation
The radiation performance of modified antenna is stable and con- characteristics has been an important subject.
sistent with the reference antenna. Also the results show that the In stealth platforms such as ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sys-
designed UWB antenna has lower RCS compared to the reference tems, the microstrip UWB antenna designs have promising ap-
antenna. About 10 dBsm RCS reduction is obtained in the whole
operation bandwidth. The designed antenna has very large RCS plication values because of its low profile, easy fabrication and
reduction up to 25 dBsm, especially in the low frequency range. low production cost [23]–[29]. However, the metallic surfaces
of the microstrip antennas cause a large RCS values. But the
Index Terms—Microstrip antenna, monopole antenna, reduced RCS reduction in the ultra-wideband operating range is difficult
radar cross section (RCS), ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna.
[30]. Until now, there are few publications on the RCS reduc-
tion of UWB antennas [31]–[37]. In [32], the RCS reduction
of the printed antenna was based on the subtraction of metallic
I. INTRODUCTION
areas where the surface currents were small. However, in those
studies the RCSs weren’t reduced in the whole operation band.
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DIKMEN et al.: PLANAR OCTAGONAL-SHAPED UWB ANTENNA WITH REDUCED RADAR CROSS SECTION 2947
the designed UWB antenna has the lower RCS in the whole op-
eration bandwidth, especially in the low frequency range, com- Fig. 2. Simulated reflection coefficients with different radiating patch element.
pared to the previously reported RCS reduced UWB antennas.
With these novel features, the proposed antenna can be conve-
niently used as an UWB antenna in the low RCS platforms.
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2948 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 6, JUNE 2014
Fig. 5. Surface current distributions of the reference UWB antenna. (a) 7 GHz. (b) 13 GHz.
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DIKMEN et al.: PLANAR OCTAGONAL-SHAPED UWB ANTENNA WITH REDUCED RADAR CROSS SECTION 2949
Fig. 8. Effect of on the reflection coefficient. Fig. 11. Simulated group delays for reference and modified antenna.
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2950 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 6, JUNE 2014
Fig. 12. Pictures of octagonal-shaped UWB antennas. (a) Reference. (b) Modified.
Fig. 13. Simulated and measured reflection coefficient for the reference, mod-
ified and adapted octagonal-shaped UWB antenna.
(1)
(2) (4)
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DIKMEN et al.: PLANAR OCTAGONAL-SHAPED UWB ANTENNA WITH REDUCED RADAR CROSS SECTION 2951
Fig. 17. Simulation results of monostatic RCS for reference and modified an-
tennas for -polarized incident wave impinging from normal direction.
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2952 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 62, NO. 6, JUNE 2014
As seen from Figs. 20 and 21, also for oblique incident angles
the RCS reduction is maintained in the operation band. This
shows that, the modified antenna geometry provide a good RCS
reduction within the whole frequency band and for normal and
oblique incidence angles.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a novel planar octagonal-shaped UWB antenna
was introduced. The designed UWB antenna bandwidth is
2.5–18 GHz covering the entire band assigned for the UWB
applications. The designed UWB antenna was modified by
geometrical shaping in order to reduce the RCS of antenna.
The bandwidth and the radiation properties of both reference
and modified antennas were validated through EM simulations
and measurement results of manufactured antennas. The results
present that the modified antenna has almost the same radiation
pattern, return loss and gain characteristics according to the
reference antenna. Meanwhile, the backscattering character-
istics of antennas were verified by both EM simulations and
measurements. The designed UWB antenna has lower RCS in
Fig. 20. Simulated RCS at oblique incidence for -polarized incident wave. the whole operation bandwidth, especially in the low frequency
(a) . (b) . range compared to reference antenna. Also the modified an-
tenna has lower RCS value for oblique incident waves, as well.
All these results are evidences for the proposed antenna that it
can be conveniently used as an UWB antenna where the low
RCS is required.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and support
of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
(TUBITAK) for supporting this work (Project No: 110E265).
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Graw-Hill, 2002. Since 1994, he has been with Kocaeli University
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wideband antennas,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 6, pp. (KOU), Kocaeli, Turkey, in 1996, 1999, and 2004,
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novel technique for radar cross section reduction of printed antennas,” antennas), radars, RCS prediction techniques, and
J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 51–60, 2010. metamaterials.
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