Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for

fuel Station Environmental and social management plan

Name of the owner Ahmed Hussein

Address Amhara National Regional state oromo zone Bati City
administration kebele 03 at a specific site aweragodana
cell phone 25192828958989

PROJECT TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN BATI TOWN

ADMINISTRATION INDUSTRY AND INVESTMENT OFFICE

Cell phone: 251928958686

Reviewed by: Bati wereda Environmental land administration and use office
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

MARCH, 2022
BATI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This full study report provides relevant information and an environmental consideration on the
proponent's (Ahmed Hussein Ltd) intention to seek approval from Bati Woreda Environmental
Land Administration and Use office (ELAAUO): for the development of a fuel filling station.
The property measures 4000 m2 in size and is established in Amhara National Reginal State
Oromo zone Bati City Administration Kebele 03 at a specific site aweragodana.

For a long time the world over. policy makers directed all the efforts in economic development
without due regard to the resource base on which the economic development depends on. As a
result, there has been unprecedented environmental degradation due to lack of environmental
conservation resulting to unsustainable development. More recently investors and developers.
spurred on by regulators world over, have recognized the need for change in order to safeguard
the environment.

In reference to the above, environmental concerns have now been integrated in the planning and
implementation processes of any project's project (as specified in schedule 2 of EMCA, 1999) in
Ethiopia. The key objective is to mitigate conflicts with the environment at the vicinity during
implementation and operational phases. In addition, it is now mandatory for Environmental and
Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) to be undertaken on projects of such nature and magnitude; to
enhance Sustainable Environmental Management as well as controlling and revitalizing the
much-degraded environment. The environmental management is coordinated by the National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA) in Ethiopia.

Pursuant to the prevailing legal requirements as envisaged in the National Environmental

Pollution Control proclamation No. 300/2002 And The Regional Environmental Impact
Assessment proclamation No. 181/2011 to ensure sustainable environmental management. the
2
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

project proponent commissioned the undertaking of the ESIA full study report for the project's
project; and incorporated substantial environmental aspects as advised by EPA. Environmental
lead expert who is registered by EPA conducted the Environment study, It was undertaken in
fulfilment of requirements of the EMCA and ENVIROMENTAL impact assessment and audit
regulation,2003

ACRONYMS

EHS Environmental Health and Safety

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCA Environmental Management and Coordination Act
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ERP Emergency Response Plan
HA Hectare
KM Kilo meter
LR Land Reference
NEAPC National Environment Action Plan Committee
NEC National Environment Council
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
NOX Nitrogen Oxides
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
PCC Public Complaints Committee
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PV Permanent Ventilation
RC Reinforced Concrete
SEM Sustainable Environmental Management
SERC SOX Standard and Enforcement Review Committee Sulphur Oxide
TOR Terms Of Reference
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WCC Waste Collection Centre Diameter
DOHSS Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety Services

3
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

KPLC Kenya Power & Lighting Company

UST Underground Storage Tanks

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION......................................................................................................................................2
LIST OF ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................4
TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................8
1.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................10
1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY...........................................................11
1.2 Methodology
2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY..................................14
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................14
2.2 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CO-ORDINATION ACT 1999)......................................14
2.3 THE ENVIRONMENT (IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND AUDIT) REGULATIONS, 2003.............................14
2.4 THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT, 2007.................................................................14
2.5 THE WATER ACT 2002...................................................................................................................15
2.6 THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT (CAP. 242)............................................................................................16
2.7 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT (CAP. 265)...................................................................................16
2.8 THE PHYSICAL PLANNING ACT, 1996............................................................................................17
2.9 THE PENAL CODE (CAP. 63)...........................................................................................................18
2.10 ENERGY ACT, 2006......................................................................................................................18
2.11 WORK INJURY BENEFITS ACT, 2007............................................................................................18
2.12 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT CAP 265...........................................................................................18
2.13 THE WAY LEAVE ACT.................................................................................................................18
2.14 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT, CAP 513....................................................................................19
2.15 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA, 2010..........................................................................................19
3.0 PROJECT BASELINE INFORMATION.....................................................................................21
3.1 PROJECT LOCATION.......................................................................................................................21

4
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C
3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS...........................................................................................................21
3.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT...............................................................................................................22
3.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT..........................................................................................................23
3.5 AIR POLLUTION.............................................................................................................................23
3.6 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE..................................................................................................................23
4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................25
4.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................25
4.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT......................................................................................................25
4.3 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................................25
4.4 OPERATION AND PROCESSES..........................................................................................................26
4.5 PROJECT DESIGN.............................................................................................................................26
4.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES......................................................30
4.7 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES..........................................................31
4.8 SIZE AND MAGNITUDE OF THE PROJECT.........................................................................................32
4.9 THE PROJECT SCHEDULE................................................................................................................32
4.10 ESTIMATED PROJECT COST...........................................................................................................32
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES.........................................33
5.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS..........................................................................................................................33
5.2 ADVERSE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION..............................................................................................33
5. 3 OPERATION PHASE........................................................................................................................39
5.4 DECOMMISSIONING.........................................................................................................................39
5.5 WORKING CONDITIONS...................................................................................................................39
5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS.................................................................................................................39
6.0 FURTHER RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES.....................................................41
6.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................41
6.2 PLANNING AND DESIGN.................................................................................................................41
6.3 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE.................................................................................................42
7.0.0 PROJECT DECOMMISSIONING..............................................................................................49
7.1 REMOVAL/REPLACEMENT OF FUEL TANK......................................................................................49
7.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES..................................................50
8. 0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK................................................51
PROPOSED EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN................................................................................62
10.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................63

5
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

1. Introduction
The fuel stations is located in Amhara National Reginal State Oromo Zone Bati City
Administration Kebele 03 at a specific site Aweragodana. The project area of approximately
4000 m2 is along the Djibouti highway Around aweragodana.

The aim of this ESIA full study report is to examine both positive and negative impacts that the
project undertaking is likely to have on both physical and socio economic environment. Early
identification of possible impacts will promote environmental sustainability in that anthropogenic
factors will not interfere with natural environment but will blend with it creating harmony. This
study is an important planning tool for the project proponent since it will state any significant
project impacts and clearly define mitigation measures to avoid or limit adverse impacts.

1.1 Environmental and Social Impact Study Report

1. An Environmental and social Impact study report shall contain sufficient information to enable
the Bureau or pertinent office of environmental protection. Rural land administration and use
found at different levels to determine whether and under what conditions the project shall
proceed.

2. An environmental impact study report shall contain, as a minimum, a description of:

a) The nature of the project, inputs used, including the technology and processes to be used:

b) The content and amount pollutant that will be released during implementation as well as
during operation:

c) Type, consumption and source of energy required for operation;

d) Fundamental information of implementing environment of the project;

e) Characteristics and duration of all the predicted direct or indirect, positive or negative impacts:

f) Measures proposed to eliminate, minimize or compensate negative impacts;

g) Procedures of self-auditing and monitoring during implementation or operation;

6
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

h) The Bureau shall issue particular directives necessary to prepare and evaluate an
environmental impact study report.

1.1.1 Terms of Reference

The terms of reference for the preparation of this EIA Report are:

The TOR for the ESIA included but was not limited to the following:

 Importance of the filling station 4 Proposed filling station-location

 Neighbouring facilities
 Environmental degradation likely to arise from the construction activities + Risks
associated with any fire outbreaks.
 Environmental risks associated with the Spillage/Leakage of the stored products
(Impacting soil and groundwater)
 Environment mitigation and management measures to address the above potential risks,
 Environmental Management/Monitoring Plan
 Conclusions and recommendation

1.2 Methodology

 Screening in which the project is identified as among those requiring Environmental

Impact Assessment under schedule 2 of EMCA, 1999.
 Physical inspection of the site and its environs.
 Desk top studies, consultations, questionnaires and interviews with the proponent, his/her
consultants, neighbours among others.
 Preliminary assessment (reconnaissance survey) of the general property. Through this,
development was therefore identified as being among those that need environmental
impact assessment; as provided under schedule 2 of Environmental Management and
Coordination Act (EMCA). 1999. During the field investigations, information on
Biophysical and Socio-Economic environment of the project fuel station area and its
environs were collected.
 The environmental scoping was then done relative to the construction operations and
activities. This provided significant environmental issues to be considered during the

7
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

assessment. To ensure comprehensiveness on the assessment, desktop studies and

interviews were involved the proponent and the consultants.

2. Project location and description

The fuel station is located on the road of Kombolcha to Bati The project area of approximately
4000 n2 is along the Djibouti highway around aweragodana area.

The project involves the establishment of a Fuel Station. The fuel station will have four pumps.
two tanks for Automotive Gas Oil, one for kerosene and one for Benzene.

In the construction works;

 The foundation depth was determined on site on a minimum of 700mm below reduced
ground level.
 All service pipes were of a minimum 450mm below reduced ground level. All the
constructions were in line with the Ethiopia Bureau of Standards code of practice.
 ater meters will be to a minimum of 300mm above ground level.
 All soil vent pipe, waste drain pipes passing under the project's project were encased in
150mm concrete surround. All reinforced concrete works are to be specifications.
 All mechanical works will be done by a qualified Mechanical Engineer.
 All fuel tanks will be checked and tested by a Chemical Engineer.
 All plumping works and water rectification to be done by a qualified plumber.
 All inspection chambers will be accessible from outside and will be left clean.

In general, the design of the project has and/will optimize the best use of the available technology
to prevent or minimize potentially significant environmental impacts associated with the project
and to incorporate efficient operational controls.

The project site is situated at the base of a steep cliff. where at the top of the cliff are residential
areas. On the Eastern side the nearest two houses; one of the houses was commercial and the
second were residential, on the western direction there were two residential house. On the
southern direction there was a secondary road lies east to west and on northern direction there be
a double international road which is from Addis Ababa crosses Bati to Djibouti.
8
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Some of the neighbouring activities (residential house)

Note: - A= on the East B= Back side C= West and D= project site

3. National Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No.300/2002

Whereas, some social and economic development endeavours may inflict environmental harm
that could make the endeavours counter-productive; whereas. The protection of the environment.
In general, and the safeguarding of human health, and wellbeing as having as well as ,are the
duty well and as the maintaining of biota of the value of nature, in particular, are the duty and
responsibility of all, WHERE AS in appropriate all when not possible to mitigate pollution as an
undesirable inserendo pciaBryny tomk development activities Now, Therefore. In accordance
with Article 55(1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. it is
hereby proclaimed as follows: This Proclamation may be cited as the "Environmental Pollution
Control Proclamation No.300/2002".

1.3 Control of Pollution

1. No person shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the environment by violating the
relevant environmental standard.

2. The Authority or the relevant Regional environmental agency may take an administrative or
legal measure against a person who, in violation of law, releases any pollutant to the
environment.

3. Any person engaged in any field of activity which is likely which is to cause pollution or any
other environmental hazard shall, when the Authority or the relevant regional environmental
agency so decides, install a sound technology that avoids or reduces, to the required minimum,
the generation of waste and, when feasible, apply methods for the recycling of waste.

4. Any person who causes any pollution shall be required to clean up or pay the cost of cleaning
up the polluted environment in such a manner and within such a period as shall be determined by
the Authority or by the relevant regional environmental agency.

9
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

5. When any activity poses a risk to human health or to the environment, the Authority or the
relevant regional environmental agency shall take any necessary measure up to the closure or
relocation of any enterprise in order to prevent harm.

1.3.1 Management of Hazardous Waste, Chemical and Radioactive Substance

1. The generation, keeping, storage, transportation, treatment or disposal of any hazardous waste
without a permit from the Authority or the relevant regional environmental agency is prohibited.

2. Any person engaged in the collection, recycling, transportation, treatment or disposal of any
hazardous waste shall take appropriate precaution to prevent any damage to the environment or
to human health or well-being.

3. The importation, mining, processing, keeping, distribution, storage, transportation or use of

radioactive substances shall be subject to a permit from the competent agency.

4. The importation, preparation. keeping, distribution, storage, transportation or use of a chemical

categorized as hazardous or of restricted use, shall be subject to a permit from the Authority
Amhara regional environmental agency or from any other competent

5. Any person engaged in the preparation. production, manufacturing or transportation or in

trading in any hazardous or restricted chemical may ensure that the chemical is registered.
packed and labelled as per the applicable standards.

1.3.2 Management of Municipal Waste

All urban administrations shall ensure the collection, transportation, and. as appropriate. the
recycling, treatment or safe disposal of municipal waste through the institution of an integrated
municipal waste management system.

In collaboration with the relevant regional environmental agency, the Authority shall monitor and
evaluate the adequacy of municipal waste management systems and ensure the effectiveness of
their implementation.

Any person responsible for the maintenance of any premise to which the public has access shall,
at all times, ensure that adequate and suitable toilets and containers and other required facilities
are provided for the disposal of waste.

10
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

The Authority shall, in collaboration with the relevant regional environmental agencies and any
other competent agencies, monitor the situation with regard to the "availability of waste disposal
facilities and take the necessary measures to ensure that their availability is satisfactory.

1.3.3 Environmental Standards

1. In consultation with competent agencies, the Authority shall formulate practicable

environmental standards based on scientific and environmental principles. The sectors that
require standards shall include at least the following:

a) Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems.

b) Air quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable amounts of
emission for both stationary and mobile air pollution sources.

c) Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be applied to the soil or be
disposed of on or in it.

d) Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable noise level taking into account the
settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and technological capacity in the country.

e) Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to be used in
heading. Storage nous transport and disposal of the various types of waste

2. Sources of noxious door shall be regulated so that the nuisance they cause is prevented.

3. The Authority may prescribe different environmental standards for different areas as it may
find necessary to protect or rehabilitate the environment.

4. National regional states may, based on their specific situation, adopt environmental standards
that are more stringent than those determined at the Federal level. However, They shall not adopt
standards which are less rigorous than those determined at the Federal level.

5. The Authority may, for a fixed period of time, authorize the waiver of the duty to comply with
some requirements of specified environmental standards in order to promote public benefit.

1.3.4 Environmental Inspectors

1) Environmental inspectors (hereinafter referred to as "inspectors") shall be assigned by the

Authority or by the relevant regional environmental agency.

11
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

2) Inspectors shall exercise due diligence and impartiality in the discharge of their powers and
duties under this Proclamation.

1.3.4.1 Powers and Duties of Inspectors

1. Inspectors shall have the following powers and duties:

a) Ensure compliance with environmental standards and related requirements;

b) Without prejudice to Sub-Articles (3) and (6) of this Article, enter any land or premises at any
time which seems appropriate to them without prior notice or court order;

c) Question any person alone or in the presence of witnesses;

d) check, copy or extract any paper, file or any other document related to pollution:

e) take, free of charge, samples of any material as required and carry out or cause to be carried
out tests to determine whether or not it causes harm to the environment or to life:

f) take photographs. measure, draw, or examine any commodity, process or facility in order to
ensure compliance with this Proclamation and with any other relevant law;

g) seize any equipment or any other object which is believed to have been used in the
commission of an offence under this Proclamation or any other relevant law.

2. When a person contravenes any of the provisions of this Proclamation or of any other relevant
law, the inspector on duty shall specify the matter constituting the contravention and may also
specify the measures that shall be taken to remedy the contravention within a given period of
time

3. When an inspector on duty suspects that any activity may cause damage to the environment,

4. Every inspector shall have an identity card used by the authority or by the servant regional
environmental agency, bearing its official seal and how it when requested.

5) Whenever a sample is to be taken. the proprietor has the right to be present or to send his
representative and he shall be informed accordingly.

6) When an inspector on duty visits an undertaking, he shall notify the proprietor un less he
considers that such notification may be prejudicial to the efficient performance of his duty.

12
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

1.3.5 Right to Appeal

Any person dissatisfied with any of the measures taken by the inspector may appeal to the Head
of the Authority or the relevant regional environmental agency, as the case may be, within ten
days from the date on which the measure was taken.

1)Any person dissatisfied because no decision has been given as provided under Sub-Article

2) of this Article, or feels that the decision given is inappropriate, may institute a court
case .within thirty days from the date on which the decision was given or the deadline for
decision has elapsed.

1.3.6 Incentives

1. Incentives for the introduction of methods that enable the prevention or minimisation of
pollution into an existing undertaking shall be determined by regulations issued hereunder.

2. Importation of new equipment that is destined to control pollution shall, upon verification by
the Authority, be exempted from payment of custom duty.

1.3.7 Right to standing

Any person shall have, without the need to show any vested interest, the right to lodge a
complaint at the Authority or the relevant regional environmental agency against any person
allegedly causing actual or potential damage to the environment.

When the Authority or regional environmental agency fails to give a decision within thirty days
or when the person who has lodged the complaint is dissatisfied with the decision, he may
institute a court case with in sixty days from the date the decision was given or the deadline for
decision has elapsed.

1.4 Regional Environmental Impact Assessment proclamation No. 181/2011

Whereas, believing that environmental Impact assessment is to be a process which indicates the
impact as starting from the plan up to completion, during the preparation of development
proposal, selecting places, constructing, operating, revising and terminating; as well as predict its
usage and damage in advance the impacts that create on the environment and shall show the way
useful ones to be encouraged and be changed or mitigated or rectified We AS, as the cause or
possible source to of avoid environmental the same throw problem spongy participation Stare fre
13
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

of man-made concerned and section Bingaysof hoeen the society.Fel wirzedthat it is Whereas. a
person who want to undertake or is conducting any kind of activity has a responsibility to put in place a
system of pre-emptive care which enable to prevent. stop. get rid of the damage of harm inflicted
upon human health or environment due to the activity : as well as to ensure activities prohibited
by law thereof.
Now. Therefore. the Amahara National Regional Council, in accordance with the powers vested
in it pursuant to the provision of sub-article(3) of article 49 of the revised Constitution of the
Region, here by issued this proclamation.

1.4.1 Definitions
Unless otherwise the context requires. in this Proclamation:

1."Bureau" means the Amhara National Regional State Environmental Protection, Rural Land
Administration and Use Bureau.

2. Environment" means the totality of all materials whether in their natural state or modified or
changed by human; their external spaces and the interactions which affect their quality or
quantity and the welfare of human or other living beings. Including but not restricted to, land.
Atmosphere , weather and climate, water, living things, sound, odour. Taste, social factors. and
aesthetics.

3. "Environmental protection" means an activity of giving care for the land, water and air that
determine any living things' body and growth including human being, as well as other similar
environmental resources, occurrences and conditions not to be extricated, reduced or not to be
changed their characteristics.

4. "Environmental Impact Assessment" means a process of indicating the metrology of reducing

or removing problems by identifying the result it brings on the environment. whether be it
positive or negative when the project, policy, plan or program is implemented, expanded or
terminated.

5. "Impact" means any change to the environment or its component that may affect human health
or safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, natural or cultural heritage, other physical

14
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

structure, or in general, subsequently alters environmental, social economic or cultural

conditions.

6. "pollution " means any condition which is hazardous or potentially hazardous to human health,
safety or welfare created by Altering any physical, radioactive, thermal, chemical, biological or
other property of any part of the environment in contravention of any condition, limitation or
restriction made under this proclamation or under any other relevant law.

7. "Pollutant" means any substance whether liquid, solid or gas which directly or indirectly:

 alters the quality of any part of the receiving environment affect its beneficial use
adversely; or
 Produces toxic substances, diseases, objectionable odour, radioactivity, noise, vibration.
heat, or any other phenomenon that is hazardous or potentially hazardous to human health
or other living things,

8. "Project" means any new development activity or major expansion undertaking on the existing
organization or alteration. or any resumption of work that had been discontinued.

9. "Existing projects" means projects that were undertaken in works prior to the issuance of
Federal Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No 299/2002.

10. "Proponent" means a concerned government body if in the public sector or a person if in the
private sector that initiates a project or a government body concerned and a person if both initiate
the same.

11. "Licensing Agency" means any organ of government empowered by law to issue an
investment permit or a trade or operating license or a work permit or to register a business
organization. as the case may be.

12. "Transitive" means the transfer or transit of the project from one kebele to another kebele or
from one woreda to another woreda or from one zone to another zone, which brings or to bring
the harm thereof.

13. "Authorized License" means a license to be given any body prior to doing work, the project
or document or program, that shall be submitted to the bureau or to the body it represent, not to
have the fundamental problem if it applies by assuring pursuant to the measurement of
environmental impact assessment.
15
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

14. "Public Instrument" means a policy, a strategy, a long term program, a law or an international
agreement.

15. "Region" means the Amhara National Region.

16. "The Agency of Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use at different levels"
means the zone, woreda or kebele environmental protection, land administration and use Agency.

17. "Environmental Inspectors" means professional to be designated by bureau or by agency in

different level under the bureau for inspection.

17. "Person" means any natural or juridical person.

1.4.2 Principles, Considerations and Bodies that Participate in Assessment

1.4.2.1 General

1. The trade or work license types that shall be given positive response to be explained by
directive in the future; anybody, who shall conduct who not undertake environmental impact
assessment and shall not to be permitted to implement unless he gets appositive response from
the Bureau or the environmental protection, rural land administration and use office concerned at
different level

2. Without prejudice to the provision of sub-Article (1) of this Article, the Bureau or the
concerned office of Environmental Protection. Rural land administration and use that is found at
different levels, which assumes. That any project shall bring a small amount of negative impact.
the agency may not compel the owner of the project to conduct environmental impact
assessment.

3. Approval of an environmental Impact study report or the granting of authorization by the

Bureau or the office of environmental protection, rural land administration and use that is found
at different levels does not exonerate the proponent from liability for damage.

4. Without prejudice to sub-article (3) of this Article, exemption from liability shall be granted
only when it is verified that it is the victim himself or a third party for whom the proponent is not
responsible that has caused the damage.

5. Any licensing agency shall, prior to issuing a business or an operating license, for the bodies
that are conducting the identified activities by the bureau, which need the impact assessment
16
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

study document. ensure the certificate of environmental approved response has been given the
project to be implemented from the Bureau or the concerned environmental protection, rural land
administration and use office -that is found at different levels.

Project Design

The ESIA report is based on information and Consultation with the proponent. The proposed site
is composed of the following major sections:

 The canopy over pumps (fore court)

 Underground oil storage tanks and breathers
 Offices and shops
 Drive ways: walkways; acceleration and deceleration lanes; and parking areas
 Oil/water interceptor
 Washrooms

5) Petroleum Industry in Ethiopia

5.1 Environmental Impacts of the Petroleum Industry

The environmental impact of petroleum is often negative because it is toxic to almost all forms of
life. The possibility of climate change exists. Petroleum, commonly referred to as oil, is closely
linked to virtually all aspects of present society, especially for transportation and heating for both
homes and for commercial activities.
5.2 Toxicity

Petroleum distillates contaminate surface runoff and kill almost all life. Crude oil is a mixture of
many different kinds of organic compounds, many of which are highly toxic and cancer causing
(carcinogenic). Oil is "acutely lethal" to fish, that is it kills fish quickly, at a concentration of
4000 parts per million (ppm) (0.4%). Crude oil and petroleum distillates cause birth defects

Benzene is present in both crude oil and gasoline and is known to cause leukemia in humans. The
compound is also known to lower the white blood cell count in humans, which would leave
people exposed to it more susceptible to infections. Studies have linked benzene exposure in the
mere parts per billion (ppb) ranges to terminal leukemia, Hodgkins lymphoma, and other blood
and immune system diseases within 5-15 years of exposure."
5.3 Air pollution

17
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

When oil or petroleum distillates are burned usually the combustion is not complete. This means
that incompletely burned compounds are created in addition to just water and carbon dioxide.

The other compounds are often toxic to life. Examples are carbon monoxide and methanol. Also,
fine particulates of soot blacken humans' and other animals' lungs and cause heart problems or

5.4 Acid rain

High temperatures created by the combustion. of petroleum causes nitrogen gas in the
surrounding air to oxidize, creating nitrous oxides. Nitrous oxides, along sulphur dioxide from
the sulphur in the oil, combine with water in the atmosphere to create acid rain. Acid rain causes
many problems such as dead trees and acidified lakes with dead fish. Coral reefs in the world's
oceans are killed by acidic water caused by acid rain

Acid rain leads to increased corrosion machinery and structural of capital ' and to the slow
destruction of archaeological structure like the marble ruins in Rome and Greece.

5.5 Climate change

Humans burning large amounts of petroleum create large amounts of CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas
that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Also some organic compounds, such as methane
released from petroleum drilling or from the petroleum itself. trap heat several times more
efficiently than CO2. Soot blocks the sun from reaching the earth and could cause cooling of the
earth's atmosphere.

5.6 Oil spills

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially
marine areas. due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to
marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur
on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms. drilling
rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their
by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse
or waste oil.

Major oil spills include the Kuwaiti oil fires, Kuwaiti oil lakes, Lakeview Gusher, Gulf War oil
spill. and the Deep water Horizon oil spill. Spilt oil penetrates into the structure of the plumage
of birds and the fur of mammals, reducing its insulating ability, and making them more
18
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. Clean up and
recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors, including the type of oil
spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of
shorelines and beaches involved. Spills may take weeks, months or even years to clean up.

5.7 Volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gases or vapours emitted by various solids and liquids,
many of which have short- and long-term adverse effects on human health and the environment.
VOCs from petroleum are toxic and foul the air, and some like benzene are extremely toxic.
Carcinogenic and cause DNA damage. Benzene often makes up about 1% of crude oil and
gasoline. Benzene is present in automobile exhaust. More important for vapours from spills of
diesel and crude oil are aliphatic, volatile compounds. Although "less toxic" than compounds like
benzene, thenhabermasteringabundance A1capaINGOFImpoundsFILa/BE-Jiggaatha
concernstimes even when benzenelevels Merkelarcaterelativelylow. collectivelymeasuredas "The
PetroleumHydrocarbons"or" Aa,

* 5.8 Waste oil

Waste oil is used oil containing breakdown products and impurities from use. Some examples of
waste oil are used oils such as hydraulic, transmission oil, brake fluids.

motor oil, crankcase oil, gear box oil and synthetic oil. Many of the same problems associated
with natural petroleum exist with waste oil. When waste oil from vehicles drips out engines over
streets and roads, the oil travels into the water table bringing with it such toxins as benzene. This
poisons both soil and drinking water. Runoff from storms carries waste oil into rivers and oceans,
poisoning them as well.

Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1 Conclusions

In relation to the project mitigation and environmental management measures that will be
incorporated during construction and operation phases: and the developments' input to the
proponent and the general society, the project's project is considered beneficial and important.

Major concerns should nevertheless be focused towards minimizing the occurrence of impacts
that would degrade the general environment. This can however be overcome through close

19
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

follow-up and implementation of the recommended Environmental Management and Monitoring

Plans.

It should always be remembered that petrol filling stations once put into operation need to be
closely managed. This will ensure that the environment is always safeguarded. It is therefore
important that the site conduct regular site assessments to provide early indication of leaks or
releases of product into the ground and available risks.

If there is considered to be a very high risk, a redevelopment should be considered. Other

methods to be considered, which will point to early indications of leaks are: There should be
accurate records of stocks and sales; modern stock control systems; associated with tank gauging
systems, to provide an early warning when stock losses are outside acceptable parameters; the
project's systems should be tested on a regular basis as they get older. to attest they are sound:
testing of both the tanks and lines should be by precision tightness methods and; monitoring
wells should be installed around the site to give an early indication of a product release.
Considering the proposed location, construction, management and mitigation measures that will
be put in place and the project's contribution in the provision of petroleum products and creating
employment opportunities, its implementation is considered important and beneficial. The key
effort should be geared towards safeguarding the environment. This can be effectively overcome
through close following and implementation of the recommended Environmental Management
Plan (EMP).

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

The environmental management plan involves risk management strategies that should be
undertaken by the project proponent to mitigate environmental degeneration. They are
approaches to monitor, control, reclaim and restore the environment back to its appropriate state.
EMPs for projects thus provide logical frameworks within which the identified issues of
environmental concern can be mitigated, monitored and evaluated.

Environmental monitoring involves measurement of relevant parameters, at a level of details

accurate enough, to distinguish the anticipated changes. Monitoring aims at determining the
effectiveness of actions to improve environmental quality.

The environmental management and monitoring plans have been developed and outlined to bring
home the key findings of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the project in mention,
20
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C
recommending necessary mitigation actions, defining roles, verifiable indicators and the
estimated cost.

The EMPs outlined in tables hereafter address the potential negative impacts and mitigation
measures as well as roles, costs and verifiable indicators that can help to determine the
effectiveness of actions to upgrade the quality of environment; as regards the proposed project.
The EMPs have considered construction, operation and decommissioning phase.

21
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Environmental /Social Proposed Mitigation Measures and Responsibility Monitoring Cost (Birr)
Impact Monitoring Aspects Means/Plan/Indicator
(Construction/Operation Phase)
Air pollution 1. Spray water on excavated areas. Contractor  Amount of dust 10,000
2. All bare areas should be produced.
landscaped after installation..  Level of landscaping
3. Workers should be provided
with dust masks if working in
sensitive areas.
4. Regular maintenance of
construction plant and equipment.
5. Engage sensitive construction
workers.
Ecological 1. The flora and fauna should be Proponent  Natural ecology in areas not N/A
considerations (flora & restored after installation by in use
fauna) landscaping and maintaining the
introduced plants.

Changes in 1. Proper installation of drainage Contractor/Proponent  Inspection and routine 20,000

Hydrology/impended structures maintenance.
drainage 2. Installation of cascades to break
the impact of water flowing in the
drains.
3. Ensure efficiency of drainage
structures through proper design
and maintenance.
4. Provide gratings to the drainage
channel.
5. Regular check on any sludge
along drainage channels.
6. Visual checks of oil
interceptors and drainage channels
for any leaks.

22
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Environmental /Social Proposed Mitigation Measures and Responsibility Monitoring Cost (Birr)
Impact Monitoring Aspects Means/Plan/Indicator
Soil erosion 1. Leveling to reduce the impact of Contractor  Landscaped areas N/A
erosion  Inspection and routine

2. All bare areas should be well maintenance.

landscaped after completion.
3. Compact loose soils.
4. Ensure management of excavation
activities
5. Control earthworks Ensure
6. proper disposal of
excavated loose soil.
7. Provide soil erosion control and
conservation structures where
necessary. Landscaping
8.
Solid waste Management  Presence of well maintained N/A
1. Excavation waste should be re-used receptacles and central
or backfilled. collection point.
2. The site should have waste
receptacles with bulk storage
facilities at convenient points to
prevent littering during occupation.

Oil leaks and spills 1. Machinery should be well Contractor  No oil spills and leaks on the 90,000
maintained to prevent oil leaks. site
2. Provide oil interceptors along the
drains leading from oil storage
areas and dispensing pump islands.
3. Maintenance of construction
vehicles should be carried out in the
contractor’s yard.

23
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Noise Pollution 1. Maintain plant equipment Contractor  Inspection/observation 10,000

2. Restrict construction activities to
daytime
3. Provision of appropriate PPEs
i.e., earplugs and earmuffs.
4. Appropriate selection of
machinery.
First Aid 1. A well stocked first aid kit shall be Management  Contents of the first aid 10,000

maintained by a qualified personnel

Loss of vegetation 1. The flora and fauna should be Contractor/  Landscaped lawns N/A
restored after construction by Management
landscaping and maintaining the
introduced plants.
2. Planting flowers/grassing should be
done just before the rains or
irrigated during dry spells.
Occupational Health & 1. Provide Personal Protective Management  Workers using 50,000
Safety Equipment Protective
2. Train workers on personal safety  Presence of Well
and how to handle equipments and stocked First Aid Box
machine.  Separate and clean
3. A well stocked first aid kit shall be  washrooms (Gents &
maintained by a qualified personnel Ladies)
4. Report any accidents / incidences
and treat and compensate affected
workers
5. Provide sufficient and suitable
sanitary conveniences which
should be kept clean

24

Underground fuel storage and
handling
Fire preparedness
Environment Health
and Safety preparedness
Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C
1. Use properly maintained hoses and Contractor/  No fuel / Oil spills 50,000
fittings. Management
2. Make the cement screeds in all the
chambers using water proof
material.
3. Install a monitoring well next to the
tanks to check on leaks.
4. Use water finding dipstick and/ or a
hydrometer to check on density/
specific gravity
5. Ensuring no spills during refilling
and / or when offloading the fuel
1. Fire fighting drills carried out Management  Number of fire drills 50,000
regularly. carried.
2. Fire fighting emergency response
plan  Proof of inspection on
3. Ensure all fire fighting equipment is fire fighting equipment
regularly maintained, serviced and
inspected.  Fire Signs put up in
4. Fire hazard signs and directions to strategic places.
emergency exit, route to follow and
assembly point in case of any fire  Availability of fire
incidence. fighting equipment
5. Adapt effective Emergency
Response Plan
1. Train workers on personal safety Management  Copies of Annual Audit 20,000
and disaster management Reports
2. Conduct Annual Health and Safety
Audits
25
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Electricity usage 1. Erect a meter in the premises to Contractor/  Presence of an KPLC

check on total kilowatts used and Management meter
for billing purposes
2. Apply for connection from Kenya  Electricity bills
Power
3. Switch off light that are not in use
4. Use of energy conserving bulbs/
tubes

Contamination of ground and 1. Cleaning of the Oil Interceptor Management  No oil spills hence no
surface water (Oil spills) 2. Use special tool to do skimming ground water
3. Install spill control kit next to the contamination
interceptor during skimming

Water quality & Waste 1. Construct and monitor oil 

Management interceptors.
2. Reduce waste at source,
recycling, and disposal of
unrecyclable waste in approved
dumpsites. The

proponent should explore engaging

the services of a registered waste
handler

Waste water disposal Management  Annual effluent discharge 30,000

1. Conduct inspections for sewer pipe license from NEMA.
blockages or effluent presence on
open drains
2. Waste water should drain through
the laid sewage pipes
3. Compliance to the Water Quality
Amendment Regulations 2012

26
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

(Decommissioning Phase)

Disturbed Physical 1. Undertake a complete Management  Environmental restoration 80,000

environment environmental restoration
programme
2. Landscaping and introducing
appropriate vegetation
3. Implement an appropriate re
vegetation programme to restore
the site to its original status
4. During the re-vegetation period,
appropriate surface water run off
controls will be taken to prevent
surface erosion;
5. Monitoring and inspection of
the area for indications of erosion
will be conducted and appropriate
measures taken to correct any
occurrences;
6. Fencing and signs restricting
access will be posted to minimize
disturbance to newly-vegetated
areas;
7. Comprehensive landscaping

Fuel Tank 1. Ensure there is no spillage Contractor  Empty and disused tanks 10,000
during emptying and removing of on site
the underground tank
2. Any fuels removed from the
tanks, surrounding soil that maybe
contaminated must be disposed into
licensed dumpsites.

27

 Loss of income
 Reduced ability to
support dependants
 Loss of quality of life
 Loss of benefits i.e.,
medical insurance cover
etc.
Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C
1. The safety of workers should 
surpass as a priority of all other
objectives in the decommissioning
project
2. Adapt a project-completion
policy:
identifying key issues to be
considered.
28

Occupational Health and
Safety
Scraps and other debris on site
Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C
1. Demarcate area under demolition Management  Presence of well-stocked 50,000
with Danger Tapes to control access First Aid boxes and
2. Provision of Protective protective equipments.
Equipment
3. A well stocked first aid kit shall
be maintained by a qualified
personnel
1. Use of integrated waste 
management system i.e., through a
hierarchy of options
2. Waste generated as a result of
facility decommissioning activities
will be characterized in compliance
with standard waste management
procedures. Disposal locations will
be selected by the contractor based
on the properties of the particular
waste stream.
3. All building, machinery,
equipment, structures and tools that
will not be used for other purposes
should be removed and recycled/
reused say in other projects.
4. Where recycling/re-use of the
machinery, equipment, implements,
structures, tools and other waste is
not possible, the materials should be
taken to an approved dumpsites.
29
Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

30
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project is situated within Aweragodana area, Bati County. The project will involve the preparation of the ground and installation
of underground tanks, the project will essentially enhance the provision of fuel for the motorists along the road in the area. This will
optimize land use; hence increasing its utility. The Government revenue will increase as well as enhancement of economic
investment; increasing national wealth. The proponent will enjoy income generated through sale of petroleum products. The project
will also provide employment during both constructions and operation phases. It will create market for goods and services and
especially construction inputs, which include raw materials, construction machinery. This project shall also create an outlet for various
other goods and services such as petroleum products.

The proposed project shall entail the construction of other facilities such as the cover canopy, sanitary conveniences, station office and
shops. An oil interceptor shall also be constructed to reduce chances of environmental pollution to soil and water by potentially
contaminated surface/waste water from the station. The proposed project is designed in line with other similar projects (petrol
stations) along the road and in other areas. The estimated project cost is Ten Million Birr (Birr 10,000,000)

The oil industry spurred on by regulators globally, has recognized the need for change in order to safeguard the environment. In
relation to this, the Environmental concerns have now been integrated in the planning and implementation processes of any proposed
projects in Kenya. The key objective is to mitigate conflicts with the environment at the vicinity during implementation and
operational phases. In addition, it is now mandatory for projects of such magnitude and nature to carry out Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIA study reports in this particular case), to enhance Sustainable Environmental Management as well as controlling and
revitalizing the much-degraded environment.

Pursuant to the prevailing legal requirements as envisaged in the EMCA and to ensure sustainable environmental management, the
proponent undertook this EIA study for the proposed petrol service station; and incorporated substantial environmental aspects as

31
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

advised by NEMA. This EIA study report thus provides relevant information and environmental considerations on the project
proponent’s intention to see information and environmental considerations on the project proponent’s intention to seek approval from
NEMA for the development of the proposed project.

The main objective of the EIA project is to provide information on the nature and extent of potential environmental impacts arising
from the construction and operation of the proposed Filling station (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) and related activities
taking place concurrently and to contribute to decisions on the overall environmental acceptability of the Project after the
implementation of environmental mitigation measures.
The methodologies used to conduct this EIA study were a) Questionnaires b) Interviews c) Field observations d) Desktop research.
The public participation comments, Freehold document, and Architectural Designs have been annexed at the back of this report.

The scope of the study was to describe the project, document all the baseline information, address both the positive and negative
impacts and develop mitigation measures for negative impacts including designing environmental management plan for the project.

The following are areas of concern as well as positive impacts that have been discussed at depth in the report and their mitigation
measures outlined. a) Solid and liquid waste generation b) Noise nuisance c) Employment d) dust emissions and air pollution e)
occupational health and safety concerns f) National economic benefits g)energy use h) loss of vegetation i) Soil erosion j) Fire hazards
and accidents ) land use shift k) Increased water demand l) Gaseous emissions m) Increased pressure on existing infrastructure.

Methodology Outline
The fieldwork was extensive and included several activities. A reconnaissance visit was made to the project area by the EIA team.
Based on this, the team set out key areas of observation. This was then followed by detailed visits of the project area and neighbouring
facilities taking records of observations as well as interviewing community members.
Different stakeholders were interviewed to give their views on the expected impacts of the project. Literature review was also done.
Their impacts on the environment were reviewed too. Environmental management and coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 and other
relevant statutes that have a direct significance to the proposed project were reviewed. Other reports and reference materials on
physical and biological data on the study area were also studied and reviewed.

32
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

The general steps followed during the assessment were as follows:

 Environment screening, in which the project was identified as among those requiring an EIA under schedule 2 of
EMCA, 1999.
 Environmental scoping that provided the key environmental issues.
 Desktop studies and interviews
 Physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas  EIA Public participation via the use of questionnaires 
Reporting.
Project Design
The EIA report is based on information and Consultation with the proponent. The proposed site is composed of the following major
sections:
 The canopy over pumps (fore court)
 Underground oil storage tanks and breathers
 Offices and shops
 Drive ways: walkways; acceleration and deceleration lanes; and parking areas
 Oil/water interceptor
 Washrooms

Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation Measures

Impact On Excavated Soil
Compromising Safety And
Health Of Workers,
Neighbor’s Pedestrians And
Control Construction Especially During Wet/Rainy Conditions
Landscaping
Compact Loose Properly
Dispose Excavated Loose Properly
Fence Off The Site
Display Warning Signs Of Construction Works.
Issue Workers With Safety Appliances.

33
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Visitors Ensure Safe Access To The Site Through Culverts.

Provide A First Aid Kit.
Avail Pit Latrine And Bathing Facilities.
Traffic And Transport Construct Acceleration And Deceleration Lanes.
Impacts Deliver Materials On Need Basis.
The Personnel On The Ground Should Guide Traffic
Movements.
Damaged Drainage Should Be Repaired And Maintained After
Construction.
Increased Human Activities – Place Litterbins At The Site.
Increased Solid Waste Ensure That There Are Elaborate Programmes Of Waste
Generation Removal Frequently.
Waste Generated Should Be Contained Appropriate.
Impact On Air Quality Wet Or Cover Dust Generating Activities.
Provide Ppe To The Workers.
Switch Off Vehicle Engine And Machinery When Not In Use.
Environmental Concern  Proponent Will Liaise With The Environmental Consultants
During The Construction Throughout The Construction Phase.
Phase
Noise And Vibration Levels Use Of Manual Labour.
Noise Assessment Should Be Done.
Use Of Ppe.
Work With Machinery Should Be Limited Today Time Only.
Solid Waste Generation Ensure All The Waste, Damaged And Unused Building
Materials Are Removed Safely From The Site And Sold Out,

34
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

Reused Or Disposed Properly.

Emergency Preparedness
Ensure General Cleaning Of The Compound And Disposal Of
Solid Wastes.
Use Oil Receptors For Containing Waste Oil.
Provide Litter Bin For Trash And Solid Waste.
Liaise With Waste Handlers Especially Tyres Recyclers To
Collect Worn Out
Tyres For Disposal Or Retread.
Service Vehicles At The Service Bay To Minimize Oil Spills.
Recover Waste And Split Oil Into Oil Receptors.
Provide Suitable Fire Extinguishers Including Abc Or Co2 And
Place Them Near Probable Source Ignition.  Warning Signs
Should Be In Place.
Sources Of Fire Should Be Restricted To All.
Smoking And Disposal Of Cigarette Waste Should Be Limited
To Designated Facilities And Areas Far From The Fuel
Dispensing Canopy.

Conclusion
It should always be remembered that petrol filling stations once put into operation need to be closely managed. This will ensure that
the environment is always safeguarded. It is therefore important that the site conduct regular site assessments to provide early
indication of leaks or releases of product into the ground and available risks.
If there is considered to be a very high risk, a redevelopment should be considered. Other methods to be considered, which will point
to early indications of leaks are: There should be accurate records of stocks and sales; modern stock control systems; associated with
tank gauging systems, to provide an early warning when stock losses are outside acceptable parameters; the project’s systems should

35
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report, 2014 E.C

be tested on a regular basis as they get older, to attest they are sound; testing of both the tanks and lines should be by precision
tightness methods and; monitoring wells should be installed around the site to give an early indication of a product release.
Considering the proposed location, construction, management and mitigation measures that will be put in place and the project’s
contribution in the provision of petroleum products and creating employment opportunities, its implementation is considered
important and beneficial. The key effort should be geared towards safeguarding the environment. This can be effectively overcome
through close following and implementation of the recommended Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

36