Cover page :

Should contain :
• university name , faculty , and department
• LAB name
• Student name, group and ID
• Supervisor name
• Experiment title
Good Example • Experiment date
Bad Example

‫ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬/ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﺮاﺑﻠﺲ‬

UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI – FACUITY OF ENGINEERING
‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ واﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT

EE201

‫ﺗﯿﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻐﻨﯿﻤﻲ‬.‫ م‬: ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻤﺸﺮف‬ Experiment to Verify Ohm’s Law

4 : ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
Name : Walaa Abdussalam Arebi

ID : 022171978

1 : ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ Supervised by : Taissir Elganimi

Group : (D)
Experiment to Verify Ohm’s Law : ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
Fall 2018 1/11/2018

‫ وﻻء ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم رﻣﻀﺎن ﻋﺮﯾﺒﻲ‬: ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

022171978 : ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﯿﺪ‬

2018/11/1 :‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

2018/11/9 :‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

2018 ‫ﺧﺮﯾﻒ‬
 1.Abstract or objectives
Short paragraph, DO NOT exceed five lines.
•Why?
•How?
•Major result
Good Example Bad Example

1. Abstract Abstract
The experiment was performed to study the relationship between current and voltage in order to We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time) with a DC power supply and
prove Ohm’s law. Two different values of resistors (one each time) was assembled with a DC power measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that The higher voltage values
caused a higher current values .
supply and the current through the resistor was measured. It has been noticed that The higher voltage
values caused a higher current values . The relationship between the voltage and the current turned Introduction
out to be linear and the ratio between their values matched the resistor value.
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
1. Objectives ( instead of abstract)
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
x To study the relationship between current and voltage in a resistorin order to prove Ohm’s a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
law.
The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR
2. Introduction
Where
V : the voltage in volts,
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across a
I = the current in amperes,
resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance, measured in ohms, R : the resistance in ohms,
is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current as shown in figure 1.
Equipment
x Digital multimeter
x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
x Universal panel
x Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 2W
x Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 2W
x Set of connection cables
x Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 1kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
to connect the circuit elements . At first , the voltage was set to be 2V , the current was
measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current
was measured for each value of the four voltage values . results are shown in table below
Figure 1: The voltage current characteristics of a resistor

1 1
 2.Introduction
•Background theory.
•Purpose of the experiment and briefly
describe how it was done .

Good Example Bad Example

2. Introduction
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across a
resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance, measured in ohms,
is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current as shown in figure 1.
Abstract
We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time) with a DC power supply and
measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that The higher voltage values
caused a higher current values .
Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR

Where
V : the voltage in volts,
I = the current in amperes,
R : the resistance in ohms,

Figure 1: The voltage current characteristics of a resistor Equipment

x Digital multimeter
x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
x Universal panel
The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation: x Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 2W
x Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 2W
x Set of connection cables
V=IR
x Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Where Experimental Procedure

V : the voltage in Volts,
In this experiment, a 1kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
I : the current in Amperes, AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
R : the resistance in Ohms. to connect the circuit elements . At first , the voltage was set to be 2V , the current was
measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple circuit that was measured for each value of the four voltage values . results are shown in table below

contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter, then measure the current through and the
voltage across the resistor .

1 1
 3.Equipment List
List of used equipment in LAB usually from LAB sheet

The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation: Abstract

We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time) with a DC power supply and
V=IR
measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that The higher voltage values
Where caused a higher current values .

V : the voltage in Volts, Introduction

I : the current in Amperes,
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
R : the resistance in Ohms.
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple circuit that Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter, then measure the current through and the
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
voltage across the resistor . The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR

Where
3. Equipment
V : the voltage in volts,
x Resistors, 1KΩ, 2.2KΩ. I = the current in amperes,
R : the resistance in ohms,
x Digital multimeter.
x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator. Equipment
x Universal panel. x Digital multimeter
x Set of connection cables. x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
x Universal panel
x Connection plugs (jumpers).
x Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 2W
x Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 2W
4. Experimental Procedure x Set of connection cables
x Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm
1. 1KΩ resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an AC/DC power supply with
integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used to connect the circuit. Experimental Procedure
2. At first, the voltage was set to be 2V, the current was measured at this voltage In this experiment, a 1kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
3. Then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current was measured for each value AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
to connect the circuit elements . At first , the voltage was set to be 2V , the current was
of the four voltage values . measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current
4. The 1KΩ resistor was excluded, a 2.2KΩ resistor was connected to the circuit ,and steps 2 was measured for each value of the four voltage values . results are shown in table below
and 3 was repeated .

2 1
 4.Procedure and results
•Describe process in order
•State your results in labeled tables and figures

Good Example Bad Example

The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation: Abstract
We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time) with a DC power supply and
V=IR
measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that The higher voltage values
Where caused a higher current values .

V : the voltage in Volts, Introduction

I : the current in Amperes,
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
R : the resistance in Ohms.
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple circuit that Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter, then measure the current through and the
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
voltage across the resistor . The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR

Where
3. Equipment
V : the voltage in volts,
x Resistors, 1KΩ, 2.2KΩ. I = the current in amperes,
R : the resistance in ohms,
x Digital multimeter.
x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator. Equipment
x Universal panel. x Digital multimeter
x Set of connection cables. x AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
x Universal panel
x Connection plugs (jumpers).
x Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 2W
x Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 2W
4. Experimental Procedure x Set of connection cables
x Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm
1. 1KΩ resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an AC/DC power supply with
integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used to connect the circuit. Experimental Procedure
2. At first, the voltage was set to be 2V, the current was measured at this voltage In this experiment, a 1kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
3. Then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current was measured for each value AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
to connect the circuit elements . At first , the voltage was set to be 2V , the current was
of the four voltage values . measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current
4. The 1KΩ resistor was excluded, a 2.2KΩ resistor was connected to the circuit ,and steps 2 was measured for each value of the four voltage values . results are shown in table below
and 3 was repeated .

2 1
 Good Example Bad Example

5. Results
R[ohm] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
The data from the experiment is shown in table 1 and table 2, and represented as graphs in figure2 V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
and figur3. I[mA] 2.18 4.18 6.31 9.23 12.25

Table 1: The values of I for fixed R=1KΩ and variable V

The 1kohm resistor was excluded, a 2.2kohm resistor was connected to the circuit ,and the
R[Ω] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 procedure was done again , the results are shown in table below
V[V] 2 4 6 9 12 R[ohm] 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200
I[mA] 2.18 4.18 6.31 9.23 12.25 V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
I[mA] 1.011 1.818 2.84 4.22 5.60

I(mA
Table 2: The values of I for fixed R=2.2KΩ and variable V
14
12
R[ohm] 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200
10
V[V] 2 4 6 9 12 8
I[mA] 1.011 1.818 2.84 4.22 5.60 6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 V(V
Graph 1 :the graph of table 1

I(mA
14
12 I(mA
10 14
8 12
6 10
4 8
2 6
0 4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 V(V
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 V(V 14
Figure 2 : the results from table 1
Graph 2: the graph of table 2

3 2
 Good Example Bad Example

I(mA R[ohm] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
14
I[mA] 2.18 4.18 6.31 9.23 12.25
12
10
The 1kohm resistor was excluded, a 2.2kohm resistor was connected to the circuit ,and the
8
procedure was done again , the results are shown in table below
6
4 R[ohm] 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200
V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
2
I[mA] 1.011 1.818 2.84 4.22 5.60
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 V(V 14

I(mA
14
Figure 3 : the results from table 2 12
10
6. Discussion 8
6
The measured data indicates that the voltage and the current are linearly related in a resistor , the 4
2
slope of the line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor 0
value, which proves Ohm’s law .The current calculated values are shown in table 3 and table 4 ,also 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 V(V
Graph 1 :the graph of table 1
the measured values are inserted in the tables. In order to compare them, the percent error is
calculated as follows:
I(mA
݈ܿܽܿ‫ ݁ݑ݈ܽݒ݀݁ݐ݈ܽݑ‬െ ݉݁ܽ‫݁ݑ݈ܽݒ ݀݁ݎݑݏ‬ 14
࢖ࢋ࢘ࢉࢋ࢔࢚ ࢋ࢘࢘࢕࢘ ൌ ฬ ฬ ൈ ͳͲͲΨ
݈ܿܽܿ‫݁ݑ݈ܽݒ݀݁ݐ݈ܽݑ‬ 12
10
8
6
Table 3 : measured and calculated error and error for each value for R=1KΩ
4
2
Current(measured) Current(calculated) Percent error 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 V(V 14
2.18 2 9% Graph 2: the graph of table 2
4.18 4 4.5%
6.31 6 5.16%
9.23 9 2.5%
12.25 12 2.08%

4 2
 6.Discussion
•Discuss the results and relate to your main purpose of experiment
•Compare your results to those expected and calculate the error
•Comment on the error

Good Example Bad Example

I(mA Discussion
14
12 The data indicate that that the voltage and the current are lineary related , the slope of the
line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor value,
10
which proves Ohm’s law .The current expected values are shown in table 3 and table 4 ,also
8
the measured values are inserted in the tables. In order to compare them ,we will calculate
6
percent error which formula is :
4
2 percent error = |accepted value - experimental value| \ accepted value x 100%
0 for the data we collected we will calculate the average of the percent error for all the
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 V(V 14
values :

The average percent error = the sum of the percent error values\ the number of values
Figure 3 : the results from table 2
For our collected data , the average percent error (for the 1kohm resistor) = 4.66% ,
6. Discussion And the average percent error (for the 2.2kohm resistor)=4.26% .

The measured data indicates that the voltage and the current are linearly related in a resistor , the Current(measured) Current(calculated) Current(measured) Current(calculated)
slope of the line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor 2.18 2 1.011 0.909
value, which proves Ohm’s law .The current calculated values are shown in table 3 and table 4 ,also 4.18 4 1.818 1.818
the measured values are inserted in the tables. In order to compare them, the percent error is 6.31 6 2.84 2.727
calculated as follows: 9.23 9 4.22 4.09

݈ܿܽܿ‫ ݁ݑ݈ܽݒ݀݁ݐ݈ܽݑ‬െ ݉݁ܽ‫݁ݑ݈ܽݒ ݀݁ݎݑݏ‬ 12.25 12 5.60 5.45

࢖ࢋ࢘ࢉࢋ࢔࢚ ࢋ࢘࢘࢕࢘ ൌ ฬ ฬ ൈ ͳͲͲΨ
݈ܿܽܿ‫݁ݑ݈ܽݒ݀݁ݐ݈ܽݑ‬

Conclusion
Table 3 : measured and calculated error and error for each value for R=1KΩ
The voltage is lineary related to the current and the ration between them is the value of the
resistance .
Current(measured) Current(calculated) Percent error
2.18 2 9%
4.18 4 4.5%
6.31 6 5.16%
9.23 9 2.5%
12.25 12 2.08%

4 3
 Good Example Bad Example

Table 4 : measured and calculated error and error for each value for R=2.2KΩ
Discussion
Current(measured) Current(calculated) Percent error The data indicate that that the voltage and the current are lineary related , the slope of the
line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor value,
1.011 0.909 11.22%
which proves Ohm’s law .The current expected values are shown in table 3 and table 4 ,also
1.818 1.818 0% the measured values are inserted in the tables. In order to compare them ,we will calculate
2.84 2.727 4.14% percent error which formula is :
4.22 4.09 3.17% percent error = |accepted value - experimental value| \ accepted value x 100%
5.60 5.45 2.75%
for the data we collected we will calculate the average of the percent error for all the
values :
The average of the percent error for all the values was calculates as follows : The average percent error = the sum of the percent error values\ the number of values

For our collected data , the average percent error (for the 1kohm resistor) = 4.66% ,
‫ݏ݁ݑ݈ܽݒݎ݋ݎݎ݁ݐ݊݁ܿݎ݁݌݂݋݉ݑݏ݄݁ݐ‬
࢚ࢎࢋࢇ࢜ࢋ࢘ࢇࢍࢋ࢖ࢋ࢘ࢉࢋ࢔࢚ࢋ࢘࢘࢕࢘ ൌ
݊‫ݏ݁ݑ݈ܽݒ݂݋ݎܾ݁݉ݑ‬ And the average percent error (for the 2.2kohm resistor)=4.26% .

For our collected data , the average percent error for the 1KΩ resistor is 4.66% , Current(measured) Current(calculated) Current(measured) Current(calculated)
2.18 2 1.011 0.909
And the average percent error for the 2.2KΩ resistor is 4.26% .
4.18 4 1.818 1.818
The average percent error can be considered acceptable, it’s probably due to tolerance of resistors. 6.31 6 2.84 2.727
9.23 9 4.22 4.09
7. Conclusion
12.25 12 5.60 5.45
The voltage is linearly related to the current and the ration between them is the value of the
resistance .
Conclusion
8. Attachment
The voltage is lineary related to the current and the ration between them is the value of the
Multism was used to simulate this experiment , the circuit was connected as shown in figure 4
resistance .

The results of simulation are as shown in table 3

5 3
9. References References
[1]BASIC ENGINEERING CIRCU IT ANALYSIS
[1] Irwin, J. David, BASIC ENGINEERING CIRCU IT ANALYSIS,9th ed, John Wiley & Sons [2]INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
,pp24
[2]James W.Nilson, Susan A.Riedel, ELECTRIC CIRCUITS,8th ed , Pearson Education,pp 28-29
[3] Robert L. Boylestad , INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS,11th ed, Pearson
Education,pp143,pp203

6 4