Ohm’s Law

Objectives
• Discover the relationship of voltage, current and
resistance in Ohm’s Law.
• Use the relationship of the resistance to voltage
and current to solve problems
• Solve problems involving current, resistance,
and Ohm’s law
Review: Resistor Color Bands
What is the value of the resistor?

200 MΩ
What is the value of the resistor?

67 Ω
What is the value of the resistor?

3.6 kΩ
What is the value of the resistor?

20 kΩ
Historical Profile
Georg Simon Ohm
(1787–1854), a
German physicist, in
1826 experimentally
determined the most
basic law relating
voltage and current
for a resistor.
Resistance & Resistivity
• Resistance ( R ) - ability to resist current
• The resistance of any material with a
uniform cross-sectional area A depends
on A and its length l.
Resistance & Resistivity
where ρ is known as
the resistivity of the
material in ohm-meters.
Ohm’s Law
• Resistance ( R ) - ability to resist current
• The resistance of any material with a
uniform cross-sectional area A depends
on A and its length l.
Resistivity
Resistance & Resistivity
Example: What will be the resistivity of a
metal wire of 2 m length and 0.6 mm in
diameter, if the resistance of the wire is
50 Ω.
Answer: 7.065 x 10-6 Ωm
Resistance & Resistivity
Example: The resistivity of a metal wire is
10 x 10−8 Ω m at 20°C. Find the
resistance of the same wire of 2 meter
length and 0.3 mm thickness.
Answer: 0.26 Ω
Resistor
• The circuit element used to model the
current-resisting behavior of a material is
the resistor.
• Resistors are usually made from
metallic alloys and carbon compounds.
• The resistor is the simplest passive
element.
Ohm’s Law
• Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854), a
German physicist, is credited with finding
the relationship between current and
voltage for a resistor.
• Ohm’s law states that the voltage v
across a resistor is directly proportional to
the current i flowing through the resistor.
Ohm’s Law
• Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854), a
German physicist, is credited with finding
the relationship between current and
voltage for a resistor.
• Ohm’s law states that the voltage v
across a resistor is directly proportional to
the current i flowing through the resistor.
Ohm’s Law
• Ohm defined the constant of
proportionality for a resistor to be the
resistance, R.
• The resistance R of an element denotes
its ability to resist the flow of electric
current; it is measured in ohms (Ω)
Ohm’s Law
A short circuit is a circuit element with
resistance approaching zero.
Ohm’s Law
An open circuit is a circuit element with
resistance approaching infinity.
Types of Resistors
Fixed Resistors:
a) wire-wound
b) Composition
(Carbon-film type),
used when large
resistance is
needed
Types of Resistors

Variable Resistors: Potentiometer

a) Composition type
b) Slider pot
Types of Resistors

Variable Resistors:
a) Var. resistor in general
b) Potentiometer
Linear and Non-linear R
Linear Resistor:
• obeys Ohm’s law
• has a constant resistance
• its i-v graph is a straight line passing
through the origin.
Linear and Non-linear R
Linear Resistor:
Linear and Non-linear R
Non-linear Resistor:
• does not obey Ohm’s law
• resistance varies with current
Linear and Non-linear R
Non-linear Resistor:
Conductance
Conductance is the ability of an
element to conduct electric current; it
is measured in mhos ( ) or siemens
(S).
Conductance
The power dissipated by a resistor
can be expressed in terms of R
Conductance
The power dissipated by a resistor
may also be expressed in terms of G
as:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Ohm’s Law in Series Resistors
Find the current and voltage in the resistors.
Note: Current is the same through series resistors.

1. Find the total Resistance.

2. Find the total Current.

3. Find the Voltage and Current of

the resistors.
Ohm’s Law in Parallel Resistors
Find the current and voltage in the resistors.
Note: Voltage is the same across parallel resistors.

1. Find the total Resistance.

R1 R2 R3
2. Find the total Voltage.

3. Find the Voltage and Current of

the resistors.
Ohm’s Law in Series-Parallel Network
Find the voltage in the resistors.

1. Find the total Resistance.

2. Find the total Current.
3. Find the Voltage and Current of
the resistors.
Simplifying Resistances:
• Find Req
Examples:
• Find Rab

5Ω
Ohm’s Law in Series-Parallel Network
Find the voltage in the resistors.

1. Find the total Resistance.

2. Find the total Current.
3. Find the Voltage and Current of
the resistors.
Examples:
• Find the currents and voltages in the
circuit below.
Practice :
Find the current in R1, R3 and R4.
Reference:
Alexander, C., & Sadiku, M.(2013).
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits. 5th Ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Thank you for listening. God bless.