Electrical Resistance

&
Ohm’s Law
Electricity
Electricity is one of the forms of energy and it can be produced
from other types of energy, such as the energy of a chemical
reaction or of mechanical rotation of dynamo.

It’s great advantages are:

• Cleaness
• Flexibility
• Efficiency
• Esier transmission
Electric Circuit
A source of electric power (a battery or an AC source),
load and switches and other elements connected
together by wires form an electric circuit.
Resistors,
Rheostats and
resistance
boxes consist of
wires which are
generally made
of alloys such as
manganin and
constantan
Resistance (Series & Prallel)
Question
Given three resistors shown below,

Find the total resistance of A-B!

Question
Find the total resistance for three resistors below!
Question
Ten resistors, each having a resistance of 10 Ω , are arranged in
series-parallel combinations shown below.

Find the total resistance!

Question
Find the total resistance!
R1 = 10 Ω
R2 = 2 Ω
R3 = 3 Ω
R4 = 17 Ω
R5 = 20 Ω
R6 = 20 Ω
R7 = 8 Ω
R8 = 10 Ω
Question
8 resistors, each having a resistance of 10 Ω, are arranged below!

Find the total resistance!

Resistance

• Resistance of an object to the flow of

electrical current.

• R= V / I

• Resistance equals the ratio of voltage to

current.
• Unit: Ohm (Ω)
Ohm’s Law (Georg Ohm,1787-1854)

VI VR
Resistor

An object that has a

given resistance.
A Battery Provides Energy

The battery “pumps”

positive charges
from
low (-) to
high (+) potential.
Resistors use up Energy

• A resistor uses up
energy.

• When the current

goes through the
resistor it goes to a
lower potential.
Question

Which point has a

lower potential, A or
B?
Question

Calculate the current through a 3 Ω resistor

when a voltage of 12V is applied across it.
Question
A portable radio uses a standard 1.5 V battery.
How much resistance in the circuit if it uses a
current of 0.01 A?
Question

What current flows through a hair dryer

plugged into a 110 volt circuit if it has a
resistance of 25 ohms?
How to Read a Resistor
Standard resistors are manufactured for use in electric
circuits; they are color-coded to indicate their value and
precision.
Resistivity
The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its
length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional
area:

L: length of the wire (m)

A: cross-sectional area (m 2)
ρ: resistivity (inherent to material) (Ωm)
The constant ρ, the resistivity, is characteristic of the
material.
Question
Find the resistivity of eureka wire 1.1 m long and cross-
sectional area 1mm2. Resistivity of eureka = 49.10-8 Ωm.
What is the current flowing through this wire when a
potential difference of 2 V is applied across it?