Class: Electrical Circuits and Ohm's Law Date: September 24, 2023

Introduction to Electrical Circuits

 An electrical circuit is a closed loop through which electric current flows.

 Circuits consist of components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage sources.

 Circuits can be classified as series or parallel depending on the arrangement of components.

Ohm's Law

 Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit.

 Ohm's Law equation: V = I * R.

 V is measured in volts (V), I in amperes (A), and R in ohms (Ω).

Resistors

 Resistors are passive components that oppose the flow of electric current.

 Resistors dissipate electrical energy in the form of heat.

 Resistance is a measure of how much a resistor resists the flow of current.

Series Circuits

 In a series circuit, components are connected in a single path.

 Current is the same through all components in a series circuit.

 The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of individual resistances.

Parallel Circuits

 In a parallel circuit, components are connected in multiple paths.

 Voltage is the same across all components in a parallel circuit.

 The total resistance in a parallel circuit is calculated differently from series circuits.

Kirchhoff's Laws

 Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): The sum of currents entering a node equals the sum of currents
leaving the node.

 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is zero.

Calculations in Circuits

 Using Ohm's Law to find voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit.

 Applying Kirchhoff's Laws to solve complex circuit problems.

 Using equivalent resistance for simplifying complex circuits.

Applications of Electrical Circuits

 Electrical circuits are fundamental in various engineering fields, including electronics, power
systems, and telecommunications.

 They are crucial for designing and analyzing electrical systems.

Lab Exercise

 Lab: Measurement of Resistance using Ohm's Law.

 Equipment: Multimeter, resistors, breadboard.

 Procedure: Measure resistance using Ohm's Law and compare with actual resistor values.

Homework Assignment

 Solve practice problems on series and parallel circuits, Ohm's Law, and Kirchhoff's Laws.

 Prepare for the upcoming quiz on electrical circuits.