Tugas pekan 1 Pengantar Teknologi Informasi (PTI)

Nama : Andi Meuthya Zahira

NIM : G021211025
Kelas : PTI A

1. Define a computer.
= Computer is an electronic device that can receive and process input
according to the instructions given, store orders and the results of their
processing, storing data, and provide output in the form of information.

2. What is the IPOS cycle?

= The IPOS cycle—input–processing–output–storage—is a series of events
that allow a computer to work. We input data, process it, output the results,
and store any information that we want to keep permanently.
-Input : Information (input) is entered into the computer using an input device.
For example, using a keyboard to type a person's name into a computer.

-Processing : Perform operations (processing) on the data to get information.

For example, the computer processes the user's name entered in the input
step.

-Output : Present the results (output) of what was processed. For example, if
the computer processed the inputted user's name and found results, those
results would be displayed.

-Storage : Store the data and information in temporary storage while used,
and then optionally on a storage device for permanent storage. For example, if
after inputting the person’s name, the person's record was opened and
updated, it could be stored for future reference.
3. What is software? What are the two general forms of software?
= Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a
computer and execute specific tasks. Software tells a computer how to
function. It’s a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts, and programs
that run on devices such as PCs, mobile phones, tablets, and other smart
devices. Software contrasts with hardware, which is the physical aspects of a
computer that perform the work.
Two general forms of sofware are application software and system software.
Application software is software that helps an end user complete tasks such
as doing research, taking notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, or
keeping an account log. Application software lies above the system software
and is different from system software in that it’s designed for the end use and
is specific in its functionality. This type of software is sometimes referred to as
non-essential software because it’s installed and operated based on the user’s
needs. Example of application software is any application on a mobile phone.
System software helps the user, hardware, and application software interact
and function with each other. System software acts as a mediator or middle
layer between the user and the hardware. It’s essential in managing the whole
computer system - when a computer is first turned on, it’s the system software
that is initially loaded into memory. Unlike application software, system
software isn’t used by end users. Instead, it runs in the background of a
device.