+

Chapter 4
Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

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+ Chapter 4. Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be able to:

n  Contrast the three components of an attitude.

n  Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.

n  Compare and contrast the major job attitudes.

n  Define job satisfaction and show how it can be measured.

n  Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction.

n  Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction.

+Definition and three Components of an Attitude
1.

Evaluative statements or judgments concerning

objects, people, or events

The emotional
Affective or feeling
Cognitiv
e
segment of an
The opinion or attitude
Behaviora
belief segment l
of an attitude An intention to
behave in a certain
way toward someone
Attitude or something
+2. Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior

n  The attitudes people hold determine what they

do.

n  CognitiveDissonance is incompatibility an
individual might perceive between two or
more attitudes or between behavior and
attitudes.

n  Research
has generally concluded that people
seek consistency among their attitudes and
between their attitudes and their behavior.
+
2. Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior

Moderating Variables
n  Importance of the attitude
Attitude
n  Its correspondence to behavior

Mitigating Variables
n  Its accessibility
Predicts
n  The presence of social pressure

n  Whether or not a person has had

direct experience with the behavior Behavior
(The attitude/behavior relationship is
stronger if it refers to something in our
direct personal experience ) 3-
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Education, Inc. publishing as
5
Prentice Hall
+ 3.Major Job Attitudes

n  Job Satisfaction
n  Apositive feeling about the job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics
n  Job Involvement
n  Degreeof psychological identification with the job
where perceived performance is important to self-
worth
n  Psychological Empowerment
n  Belief
in the degree of influence over the job,
competence, job meaningfulness, and autonomy
+ 3.Major Job Attitudes
n  Organizational Commitment
n  Identifying with a particular organization and its
goals, while wishing to maintain membership in the
organization.
n  Three dimensions:
n  Affective – emotional attachment to organization
n  Continuance – economic value of staying
n  Normative – moral or ethical obligations
n  Has some relation to performance, especially for new
employees.
n  Theoretical models propose that employees who are
committed will be less likely to engage in work
withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied, because they
have a sense of organizational loyalty.
+ 3.Major Job Attitudes

n  Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

n  Degree to which employees believe the organization
values their contribution and cares about their well-
being.
n  Higher when rewards are fair, employees are involved
in decision making, and supervisors are seen as
supportive.
n  High POS is related to higher performance.

n  Employee Engagement
n  The degree of involvement with, satisfaction with, and
enthusiasm for the job.
n  Engaged employees are passionate about their work
and company.
+ 3.Major Job Attitudes

n  Are These Job Attitudes Really Distinct?

n  No: these attitudes are highly related
n  Variables
may be redundant (measuring the same
thing under a different name)
n  Whilethere is some distinction, there is also a lot
of overlap
n  Overlap may cause confusion
+ 4. Job Satisfaction

n  A
positive feeling about a job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics

n  Two
approaches for measuring Job Satisfaction are
popular:
n  The single global rating
n  The summation of job facets
+ Summarize the Main
Causes of Job Satisfaction

Insert Exhibit 3.2

+
Summarize the Main
Causes of Job Satisfaction

n  Pay influences job satisfaction only to a point.

n  After
about $40,000 per year (in the U.S.), there is
no relationship between amount of pay and job
satisfaction.
n  Money may bring happiness, but not necessarily
job satisfaction.

3-
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Education, Inc. publishing as
12
Prentice Hall
+
Summarize the Main
Causes of Job Satisfaction

Insert Exhibit 3-3

+ Summarize the Main
Causes of Job Satisfaction

Insert Exhibit 3-4

+
Summarize the Main
Causes of Job Satisfaction

n  Personality also plays a role in Job Satisfaction.

n  Peoplewho have positive core self-evaluations,
who believe in their inner worth and basic
competence are more satisfied with their jobs than
those with negative core self-evaluations.
n  Thosewith negative core self-evaluations set less
ambitious goals and are more likely to give up
when confronting difficulties.
 +
5. Four Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction

Insert Exhibit 3-5

+ 6. Job satisfation as an independent variable 1-17

n  Job Satisfaction and Job Performance

n  Job Satisfaction and OCB
n  Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction
n  Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism
n  Job Satisfaction and Turnover

n  Job Satisfaction and Workplace Deviance