A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE MAINTENANCE PRACTICES AND PREVENTION

PROGRAMS OF FIRST BUKIDNON ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC.

(FIBECO) ON IT’S ELECTRIC UTILITIES AND FACILITIES

ARNEL A. DEQUIT JR.

HAROLD T. ETCUBANEZ
PHILIP GYMN N. LASPIÑAS
EARL REXSON EMANUELLE G. RIVERA
ARGIE J. VIENES

GEC 15 (PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION)

BSEE-1A

NOVEMBER 2021
 INTRODUCTION

The importance of electricity in today’s world cannot be overemphasized for it is the

key energy source for commercial, industrial, and domestic activities (Okoro & Chikuni,
2007). With its availability in the right quantity it became an essential to the development of
civilization. Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of
energy. Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source
which means that if we get it from the conversion of the primary source of energy like coal,
natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources. Electrical Energy is generated at
power stations, usually located far from load centre. With an extensive network of
conductors between the power station and consumers.
Electricity is a fundamental component of nature and one of the most commonly used
types of energy. Also electricity is a necessary component of modern living and it benefits
us in a variety of ways. The invention of electricity more than a century ago help the human
civilization thrive and improved the human living conditions.As the electricity changed our
lives it may also be a major threat to us. When working with electricity, it is important to take
safety precautions. And the safety must not be jeopardized and some ground rules should
be observed first.
Planning and maintaining the power distribution on network is critical and challenging.
Electrical power distribution system planning is far more challenging than the power
generation itself due to several factors such as initial investment cost, maintenance cost, line
losses, power losses, and consumer services. (Javed, et al, 2021).
Electric power systems are vulnerable to extensive damage due to typhoons with
most of the damage concentrated on overhead distribution systems. Wood poles are mostly
used due to advantages such as low initial cost and natural insulation properties
(Shafieezadeh, A., et al. 2014)]. The wood poles, however are susceptible to decay over
time which leads to decrease in strength (Li, Y., et al.,2005).Given the scale of pole
networksand their susceptibility to decay, it is reasonable to assume that a systematic risk-
based or reliability-based maintenance policy would lead to considerable cost savings and
failure risk mitigation.
The asset management is one of the crucial aspects of concern to decision makers
such as power distribution companies and involves several actions such as component
acquisition, maintenance, replacement, and disposition. One of the most important aspects
of asset management is preventive or corrective maintenance.
The purpose of maintenance measures is to extend the service life of components
and to reduce the probability of failure. And there are a constant exploration of ways in the
optimization of the use of available resources for the maintenance while ensuring the
acceptable level of reliability. According to Hilber, P., et al. (2007), facing the limited
resources available for preventive maintenance, an optimization approach is necessary.

Statement of the Problem

The study was conducted to evaluate the maintenance practices and prevention
programs of FIBECO on its electric utilities and facilities. Specifically it will answer the
following questions:
1. What are the procedures of the electric cooperative in terms of the maintenance
on it’s electric utilities and facilities?
2. What are the maintenance practices and prevention programs of the electric
cooperative on its electric utilities and facilities?
3. What are the perception of the participants on the effectiveness of their programs
and procedures on the practices and prevention of the electric
cooperative on its electric utilities and facilities?

Objectives of the Study

The study generally aimed to evaluate the maintenance practices and prevention
programs of First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc. (FIBECO) on its electric utilities and
facilities.
Specifically, the study aimed to:
1. Determine the procedures of the electric cooperative in terms of maintenance on
it’s electric utilities and facilities.
2. Determine the maintenance practices and prevention programs of the electric
cooperative on it’s electric utilities and facilities.
3. Acquire the perceptions of the participants on the effectiveness of the maintenance
practices and prevention programs of tje electric cooperative on its electric
utilities and facilities.
 Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will redound to the existing knowledge on the maintenance
practices and prevention programs applied by the First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc.
(FIBECO) on its electric utilities and facilities. Results of the study will help the students and
educators by giving them insights on the electric cooperatives . Lastly , this study can serve
as basis for future researches of the same field.

Scope and Delimitations

The study focuses on the identification of the maintenance practices and prevention
programs of the First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, In (FIBECO) on its electric utilities and
facilities. And the participant is the FIBECO branch head officer. Generation of electricity
was not considered as factor in the study.
 Definition of Terms
This are the operational and concrete terms used in the research:

Corrective Maintenance. The category of maintenance tasks that are performed to rectify
and repair faulty systems and equipment.
Maintenance.The process of keeping something in good condition.
Predictive maintenance. A technique that uses data analysis tools and techniques to
detect anomalies in your operation and possible defects in equipment and processes
so you can fix them before they result in failure.
Preventive Maintenance. A maintenance that is proactively performed on an asset with
the goal of lessening the likelihood of failure.
System maintenance. AN ongoing activity, which covers a wide variety of activities,
including removing program and design errors, updating documentation and test data
and updating user support.
Power distribution. The final stage in the delivery of electric power through carrying
electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers.
Load centre. The device takes electricity from the utility source and distributes it throughout
a facility to support reliable electrical distribution.
Electric cooperative. A private, non-profit company whose purpose is to deliver electricity
to its customers or members.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review of the literature and studies considered relevant in the
present investigation. International and local relevant works and studies thematically
discussed the variable of the study. Included in this chapter are ideas and assumptions of
the maintenance practices and prevention programs of the First Bukidnon Electric
Cooperative, Inc (FIBECO) on its electric utilities and facilities was the main focus of the
study. The related literature helps the researcher gain more ideas for the present study.

Preventive Maintenance (PM) Planning

Maintenance is generally defined as a combination of all technical and administrative

measures, including monitoring, to ensure that the system is in the required functional state
(Reason, 2000; Swanson, 2001). System maintenance typically refers to maintenance tasks
such as repair, replacement, overhaul, inspection, maintenance, adjustment, testing,
measurement, and error detection to avoid errors that could lead to interruptions in
production operations (Duffuaa et). al., 2001; Ismail et al., 2009). Maintenance system
performance measurements can be based on a variety of factors (Parida et al., 2015).
According to Wikstan and Jonannson (2006), effective maintenance can reduce the
consequences of failures and extend the useful life of the system. Implementing
maintenance refers to maintenance guidelines. This can be defined as an action plan used
to provide instructions and guidelines for performing additional maintenance actions required
for the system "Waeyenberghand Pintelon, 2002". Corrective maintenance (CM) is one of
the maintenance guidelines for performing maintenance work such as repairs and
replacements in order to restore the system to normal after a failure (Paz and Leigh, 1994).
However, this policy results in higher system failures and higher repair and replacement
costs due to the potential for sudden outages. Another maintenance guideline, PM, acts as
an alternative to commercials. PM is typically planned and implemented after a period of
time, or when a particular system is used to reduce the likelihood of failure (Kimura, 1997).
Mechefske and Wang (2001) argued that most systems were maintained, but when PM
implementations were in place, a significant portion of their useful life remained.
This paper conducted a review based on challenges during the PM planning
process to increase the rate of improvement for the organization. The review is structured to
provide a general overview of research on PM and PM planning, followed by a detailed
explanation of the concept of PM planning. The three categories of PM planning (cost, time,
error-based) have been thoroughly reviewed. Finally, we summarized the analysis of
published research trends regarding PM planning and then summarized suggestions for
future research directions. At the end of this white paper, it is expected that people at all
levels of the maintenance system could benefit from this review. Most directly, scholars can
use this paper as a guide to understanding the underlying principles and methodologies of
PM based on the literature presented. In this study, method and tool reviews also provide
administrators with actionable insights. “Management” refers to the process of using
resources to manage and direct an enterprise and is responsible for the technical and
administrative changes in the production and maintenance process, as well as for top
management itself (Murthy et al., 2002)
Expected results from a management perspective can be discussed at two levels of
management activity. NS. At the strategic and tactical level. At the strategic level
corresponding to the work of AlTurki (2011), the company's priority is to work on general PM
planning as an important support function where the planning aspect needs to meet the
company's requirements. At the tactical level, maintenance priorities should support the
enterprise at the strategic and operational levels in performing maintenance, and these
priorities must meet the requirements of the PM plan. It corresponds to the idea of Márquez
(2007) and is related to how standard process planning relates to the allocation of
maintenance resources such as personnel, spare parts and tools in the context of detailed
planning and scheduling. Indicates whether or not. The operational level is acceptable and
practical. This detailed and structured review of the PM should help facilitate the planning
and scheduling of maintenance systems for practitioners and maintenance service providers.
Today, the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire manufacturing process depends
on the sustained performance of the system or equipment and can lead to valuable
improvements in quality, cost, and time (Nakajima, 1986; Khan and Darrab). , 2010). The
availability and reliability of the production line, widely known as the "system", is central to
maintaining a competitive advantage over other manufacturers in order to produce better
product quality at minimal cost. It plays a role (Muchiri et al., 2011). The term "system" is
translated in technical terms as "a mechanical assembly consisting of mechanical or
electrical devices that transfer energy to support the performance of human tasks." "System"
usually refers to a machine for creating value-added physical and information products using
devices such as tools, materials, people, and information. Therefore, the system is
considered an inevitable part of production that requires constant attention and
maintenance to achieve the desired operating conditions (Ahmed et al., 2005).
Unfortunately, the system can always deteriorate with continuous operation. The
functionality of a system changes over time as the importance of maintaining the system
increases due to technological developments, regulatory changes, and operational
deviations (Söderholmetal., 2007). In addition, system complexity is an important part of key
security and cost requirements throughout its lifecycle (Liyange and Kumar, 2003; Foley,
2005). Therefore, system maintenance is very important because proper and effective
maintenance policies are needed to enable the system to perform the required functions.
Table 1 shows three types of maintenance policies that are commonly adopted in the
industry. The guidelines include many features that are suitable for different implementation
situations and phases. The basic goal of the maintenance policy is to reduce unplanned
system downtime and increase available uptime.

This Committee Report is essentially the Recommended Practice for Electrical

Equipment Maintenance; NFPA No. 70B-T, which is proposed for tentative adoption.

Over the years, the need for guidance on how to promote the safety of people and
property through the effective maintenance of electrical equipment has become increasingly
apparent. In the fall of 1967, the National Fire Protection Association's board approved the
establishment of an extraordinary committee on the maintenance of electrical equipment to
determine the need for proper documentation on this subject. In a positive decision in early
1968, the Ad Hoc Commission provided many reasons why the National Electrical Code felt
unsuitable to cover the maintenance of electrical equipment. However, due to the high
frequency of poorly maintained electrical accidents that result in many deaths, serious
injuries and high levels of property loss each year, the Commission has pointed out that this
is a problem that deserves immediate attention.
In June 1968, the Board approved the establishment of a new NFPA Electrical
Equipment Maintenance Committee with the following authority: "To prevent loss of life,
create appropriate texts on the preventive maintenance of electrical systems and equipment
used in industrial applications. Without duplicating or replacing the instructions normally
provided by the manufacturer on the Electrical Code Board. The Commission was
established in December 1968 with this in mind to correlate commonly applicable preventive
maintenance procedures that are widely applied to the more general class of industrial
electrical systems and equipment. I did. Its large and very active membership has seen few
personnel changes since its inception. Members are highly qualified individually, and it
should be emphasized that committee representatives collectively include device
manufacturers. Plumbers; Inspectors; Safety, Labor and Insurance Organizations;
Equipment Users; Maintenance Contractors and Engineers. Representative of the National
Electrical Code Committee and other NFPA committees. And a specialist. All committee
members made a good contribution to this.
The purpose of this recommended method is to reduce the risk to life and property that can
result from the failure or malfunction of industrial electrical systems and equipment. The first
three chapters of these recommendations for effective preventive maintenance programs
(EPMs) have been created with the aim of better understanding the direct and intangible
benefits of well-managed EPM programs. rice field. This practice describes the features,
requirements, and financial considerations that you can use to create such a program.

Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM Program)

Electrical equipment failures cause millions of dollars in damage and lost revenue.
According to Munich Re company (2020), every year as the country's electrical infrastructure
deteriorates, this situation will only increase unless proactive actions are taken to reverse the
trend. Moreover, Allison Plake (2021) stated that Basic and simple electrical systems must
be maintained on a regular basis, not just in an emergency. If you work in facilities
management or own a building, you must understand how long your equipment lasts and
what its yearly status is. Surprisingly, Munich Re company (2020) stated that a normal
preventive maintenance program can avert more than two-thirds of electrical system
breakdowns. They added that electrical equipment failure rates are three times greater for
components that are not part of a planned preventive maintenance program than for those
that are.

Smith S. (2021) argued that every 3 to 5 years, electrical systems should be

thoroughly inspected by a professional electrician. Individual assets should be assessed in
accordance with manufacturer specifications or based on experience and industrial training
in a specific context. Some motors, for example, may need to be inspected every three
months, air handlers once a year, and so on. For the scheduling and recording of activities,
results, and comments, CMMS software is ideal for preventive maintenance, inspections,
and work orders. Besides, a scheduled EPM program enables the equipment owner to
schedule the system outage at a time convenient for them rather than having to address
serious problems caused by an invariably premature breakdown.

Maintenance Inspection

Inspections are an important part of a maintenance program because they assess

the state of equipment and indicate what tools, materials, and manpower are needed to
service it. A maintenance inspection is the process of assessing the condition of machinery
or equipment. A maintenance examination determines what equipment, materials, and
personnel are required to keep them in excellent operating order ("8 Types of Maintenance
Inspections & Examples", 2021).
According to Upkeep a company that specializes maintenance and reliability,
Maintenance inspections can detect small problems before they become costly fixes.
Inspections verify that machines are operating properly and assist to avoid equipment
downtime. As part of its overall maintenance program, almost every plant or facility must
undergo frequent inspections. (Macpherson, n.d.) agreed that without mandatory regular
inspections that are genuine checks—rather than just pencil-whipped documentation—many
problems that may be prevented or fixed for very little money are uncovered and/or
unreported until the problem's severity and expense grow. Electrical and mechanical
systems, as well as instrumentation components, must be examined and maintained.
Inspections should, ideally, be scheduled, done on time, and recorded using a maintenance
management system or equivalent maintenance software. Mobile devices, with today's
superior technology, may make the inspection process simple and efficient. Handheld tools
can give step-by-step instructions as well as a simple method of recording sensory
observations and test results. Many inspections must be performed while a production line or
piece of equipment is in operation. Inspections must not disrupt manufacturing or production
operations, and many pieces of machinery cannot be effectively verified without seeing them
in action.
Preventive maintenance refers to the maintenance of electrical equipment based on
statistical or historical information such as operational capacity, failure history, and mean-
time-to-failure (MTTF) rather than tracking equipment performance. The preventive
maintenance program organizes equipment repair and rebuilding tasks ("8 Types of
Maintenance Inspections & Examples", 2021). A good maintenance strategy necessitates
the planning and scheduling of equipment repair prior to the occurrence of a problem. A solid
preventative maintenance plan also includes retaining records of previous inspections and
equipment service. Because keeping a preventive maintenance plan for a significant quantity
of equipment is complicated, many businesses employ preventive maintenance software to
organize their needed preventive maintenance chores ("What is Preventive Maintenance?",
2019). Assume that an electrical appliance generally lasts 10 months before needing to be
repaired. After 10 months of operation, the equipment will be taken from service and rebuilt
using a preventative procedure. In this case, the timeline for fixing equipment is established
and determined by maintenance employees. Now, if there is no need to rebuild after 10
months, then labor and materials would be squandered. Again, if the equipment breaks
within the first ten months, it is required to repair the problem after it has failed, which is
generally more expensive than scheduled maintenance. This is a purely arbitrary judgment
that is not backed by any realistic evidence.
Predictive maintenance is the application of data-driven, proactive maintenance
approaches to examine the state of equipment and anticipate when repair should be
conducted ("What is Predictive Maintenance?", 2018.).Predictive maintenance refers to the
maintenance of electrical equipment that is based on direct monitoring of the actual
operational state, collecting measurements, efficiency, heat distribution, and other
indications on a regular basis, rather than relying on statistical or historical data. The
program schedules all maintenance tasks based on true data and, if necessary, fixes prior to
system failure. Early identification and prevention of imminent equipment failures reduces
downtime, maintenance costs, and maximizes uptime ("8 Types of Maintenance Inspections
& Examples", 2021).

Study on increase of operation efficiency of electrical energy and electrical equipment.

The performance and competitiveness of industrial organizations are depending on

the relabeling availability and productivity of their manufacture facility. To acquire the
necessary degree of performance from them, those in charge of facilities must implement
plans and procedures, techniques and pick the path that assures high performance (Ali
Mezhera & Mohammed Ali, 2020). The operations involved in keeping a system's equipment
in functioning condition are referred to as maintenance ( Galar et al.,2011;Heizer et al.,2017).

The goal of maintenance is to limit the number of failures in machines and equipment
throughout the manufacturing and elimination processes, as any of them might cause a
disturbance in the processing chain. According to Steinsland (2018), the purpose of
maintenance is to keep the capabilities of the production system and the currency in
excellent shape at a low cost. According to Simon (2010), maintenance needs are regarded
"must- do's" for every organization and often include a refresh of knowledge and skills to
maintain a steady-state operational environment.

According to Ma, W. et al, (2020), the presentational understanding idea, which may
execute operations or animation processing for a single electrical appliance, can be
employed in the power maintenance practice courseware to realize the maintenance of
power facilities through progressive presentation processing. They added that trainees
experience the substation maintenance scene more realistically during training by
corresponding to each distinctive information point of the model, and they may more
thoroughly control the substation structure. Monitoring and maintenance of substation
equipment may be efficiently achieved through the specialized configuration of the
maintenance content.

Meanwhile, Isakov & Abdullaev, (2020) stated that it is essential to understand the
reasons of electrical equipment failure in order to utilize it wisely. A deeper examination of
the causes of emergencies, the avoidance of the causes of emergencies is related with
certain traits, which implies that material destruction is impossible to avoid, but unintentional
breaking may be prevented. That is, an individual approach solves the problem, but it also
necessitates an increase in operational efficiency.
Assessment of Equipment Maintenance Practices for Effective Electric Power
Distribution in Adamawa State

Maintenance has been defined in the literature both amply and extensively. It is
defined in Endrenyi and Anders (2006) as an activity wherein an un-failed device has, from
time to time, its deterioration arrested, reduced or eliminated. The main objective of
maintenance is to extend the lifetime of equipment and/or reduce its failure likelihood.
Technical requirements and budget constraints are the most influential factors in assigning
maintenance activity (Bloom, 2006). Madueme (2002) observed that maintenance of any
engineering system consist of performing the following functions: recognition or detection;
location or diagnosis; correction, repair or replacement; and verification or checking of
emergency failure of components or equipment; setting up and performing scheduled
periodic preventive inspections; repair activities in a central facility on failed and replaced
items arriving from different operating stations.

According to Abdelmalik (2014), routine maintenance checks to be conducted on a

power transformer can be on daily, monthly, half-yearly and annual basis. Routine
transformer maintenance testing and checking on daily basis include: maintaining oil filled up
to the desired level in Magnetic Oil Gas (MOG) always; replacing the silica gel if its color
changes to pink; and sealing any leakage if detected. Transformer maintenance checks on a
monthly basis involve checking of oil level in the oil cap so that it doesn’t drop below a fixed
limit and hence avoid damage due to it; keeping the breathing holes in the silica gel breather
clean to ensure proper breathing action at all times and where electrical transformer has oil
filling bushing, ensure that the oil is filled up to the correct level.

Preventive maintenance is aimed at thwarting the possible faults that arise from
outright negligence of the electric power distribution equipment. Maintenance activities that
fall under this category according to Ali, Achinanya, and Nuhu (2004) are usually carried out
annually, and include: checking the integrity and condition of ground connections, cable
joints and splices, and correcting any issue; inspecting the cleanliness and physical
condition of switchgears, transformers, and other above-ground fixtures; conducting contact
resistance tests on terminations, insulation resistance tests between ground connections
and conductors, to assess damage or wear, among others.

Similarly, Megbowon and Oyebisi (2005) stated that corrective maintenance is

conducted in response to underground cable faults (possible damage caused by digging,
internal failures such as defective cables, among others) to determine the appropriate
remedial action. Corrective maintenance activities carried out on underground cables include
checking electric cable routes for possible damage after excavation or road work; insulation
resistance testing to detect faults between conductors and ground connections; pinpointing
faulty areas using a sheath tester and cable fault locator; and repairing, retesting and re-
commissioning faulty electrical cables.

According to Arunagiri and Agarwal (2005), corrective maintenance helps to predict

when and what kind of repairs might be needed in the future, or if faulty sections need
immediate replacement. The utilization of underground cables for electrical distribution
occurs where it is impractical, difficult, or dangerous to use the overhead lines. Underground
cables are widely used in densely populated urban areas, in factories, and even to supply
power from the overhead pots to the consumer’s premises (CIGRE, 2002).
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design used in the study is the narrative case study since it is a direct
interpretation of the maintenance practices and prevention programs of the First Bukidnon
Electric Cooperative, Inc (FIBECO) on its electric utilities and facilities was the main focus of
the study.

Locale of the Study

The First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc. (FIBECO) Anahawon, Maramag,

Bukidnon was the place chosen by the researcher to conduct the study for the reason of
accessibility and one of the leading Electric Cooperative in the province of Bukidnon.
And the FIBECO distributes electricity for domestic and commercial use and its services
was widely used in the province of Bukidnon.

Sampling Procedure

Purposive sampling was used in the study. The researchers interviewed the Manager
of First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc. (FIBECO) and Department of Energy (DOE) .
The First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc (FIBECO) is a electric cooperative that
provides electric distribution and services in domestic and commercial use throughout
its franchise area. And the Department of Energy (DOE) is a government office that was
mandated by RA 7638 to prepare, integrate, coordinate, supervise and control all plans,
programs, projects and activities of the government relative to energy exploration,
development, utilization, distribution, and conservation. Also the Department of Energy
formulates and implement policies and programs to ensure sustainable, stable, secure,
sufficient, accessible and reasonably priced energy to Filipinos through out the country.

Data Gathering

Present in the instrument the head officers of the interviewed office. This is in order
to identify the maintenance practices and prevention programs of each offices. (1) In the
First Bukidnon Electric Cooperative, Inc. (FIBECO) they are interviewed on how they
maintain its electric utilities and facilities and the implementation of their policies to its
consumers. (2) Department of Energy (DOE) the information needed in this department
is on how they participate in the implementation of policies and programs on its energy
distributors to ensure sustainable, stable, secure, sufficient, accessible and reasonably
priced energy.
 By inquiring these information needed from the two department or offices, the
alignment of the statement of the problem and their answer will be vivid to determine the
relationship and connection between them.

Data Analysis

The researchers will analyze the data gathered and express the data through
analytical interpretation. Opinions of the participants will be connected and combined as
a whole in order o get the main point of the opinions.
 References

Abdelmalik, A. A. (2014). Power Transformer Life Management; relevance to Nigerian power

industry. Department of Physics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Ali, N. A., Achinanya, U. D., & Nuhu, M. S. (2004). Frequency failures of equipment in power
system network – the Nigeria experience. Proc. 8th IEE Int. Conf. Devel. Power Syst. Protect,
2(5-8), 603-606
Ahmed, S., Hassan, M. and Taha, Z. (2005). TPM Can Go Beyond Maintenance –
Excerpt From A Case Implementation, Journal of Quality in Maintenance
Engineering, Vol.11 No.1, pp.19-42.
Ali Mezhera, A., & Mohammed Ali, A. (2020). Determining the Efficiency of Maintenance
Programs Using Performance Indicators: Case Study in Electric Cables and Wires
Factory. International Journal Of Innovation, Creativity And Change. ,, Volume 11(Issue 3).

Al-Turki, U. (2011). A framework for strategic planning in maintenance. Journal of

Quality in Maintenance Engineering,Vol.17 No.2, pp. 150 – 162.
Appendix A. Glossary of Terms. Add definition of "Readily Accessible" as Jollows: REAmLY
AeCESSmLE: Capable of being reached quickly, for operation, renewal, or inspections,
without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove
obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. (NEC-NFPA 70-1971, ANSI C1-
1971). 101.

Appendix B. References to Other Codes and Standards. Change address of both

National Machine Tool Builders' Association and Joint Industrial Council to
"7901 Westpark Drive, McLean, Va. 22101." 102.

Appendix C. Offcial Interpretations. Exact copy of Section 110 of ArFPA Regulations

Governing Technical Committees ~ 1972.
Arunagiri, T., & Agarwal, O. (2005). Electricity distribution management system using GIS.
Institute of Remote Sensing, Chennai.
Bloom, N. B. (2006). Reliability centered maintenance (RCM): Implementation made simple.
McGraw-Hill.
CIGRE. (2002). Working Group: Guidelines for Life Management techniques for power
Transformers and Life management of transformers.
Duffuaa, S. and Al-Sultan, K. (1997). Mathematical programming approaches for the
management of maintenance planning and control. Journal of Quality in
Maintenance Engineering, Vol.3 No.3, pp. 163 – 176.
Isakov, A., & Abdullaev, . (2020). Study on increase of operation efficiency of electrical
energy and electrical equipment. Retrieved 12 December 2021, from
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548724325
Endrenyi, J. & Anders, G. J. (2006). Aging, maintenance, and reliability approaches to
preserving equipment health and extending equipment life. IEEE Power and Energy
Magazine, 4(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPAE.2006.1632455
Ismail, A. R., Ismail, R., Zulkifli,R., Makhtar, N. K. and Deros, B. M. (2009). A study on
implementation of Preventive Maintenance programme at Malaysia Palm Oil Mill. European
Journal Scientific Research, Vol.29 No.1, pp. 126 – 135.

Kimura, Y. (1997). Maintenance Tribology: its significance and activity in Japan. Wear,
Vol.207 No.1-2, pp. 63-66.

Liyange, J. P. and Kumar, U. (2003). Towards a value-based view on operations and

maintenance performance management. Journal of Quality in Maintenance
Engineering, Vol.9 No.4, pp. 333 – 350.
Ma, W., Qin, H., You, Y., & Ding, H. (2020). Application of the Concept of Presentational
Understanding in the Practice Courseware of Electric Power Maintenance. Retrieved 14
December 2021, from https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123304027
Madueme, T. C. (2002). Maintenance Culture in Electrical Power Industry in Nigeria: Case
Study of Afam Power Station. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 21(1), 79-89.
Mechefske, C. K. and Wang, Z. (2001). Using fuzzy linguistics to select optimum
maintenance and condition monitoring strategies. Mechanical System and
Signal Processing, Vol.15 No.6, pp. 1129-1140.
Megbowon, I. O., & Oyebisi T. O. (2005). A reliability assessment of South Western
Transmission lines of the Nigerian National Grid. FUTAJEET, 4, 17-22.
Muchiri, P., Pintelon, L., and Gelders, L. (2011). Development of maintenance function
performance measurement framework indicators. International Journal of Production
Economics, Vol.131 No.1, pp. 295-302.

Murthy, D. N. P., Atrens, A. and Eccleston, J. A. (2002.) Strategic maintenance

management. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol.8 No.4, pp. 287
– 305.

Nakajima, S. (1986). TPM – challenge to the improvement of productivity by small

group activities. Maintenance Management International, Vol. 6, pp.73 – 83.

Parida, A., Kumar, U., Galar, D. and Stenström, C., (2015) Performance measurement and
management for maintenance: a literature review. Journal of Quality in Maintenance
Engineering, Vol. 21 No.1, pp.2-33.

Paz, N. M. and Leigh, W. (1994). Maintenance scheduling: Issues, Results and Research
Needs. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.14 No.8, pp.
47 – 69.

Reason, J. (2000). Cognitive Engineering in Aviation Domain, Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
Simon , A. Burtonshaw – Gunn ( 2010 ) . " Essential tools for operations management :
tools ,models and approaches for managers and consultants " . A John Wiley & Sons , Ltd.,
Publication .
Söderholm, P., Hoimgren, M. and Klefsjö, B. (2007.) A process view of maintenance and
its stakeholders. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol.13 No.1, pp. 19 – 32.
Steinsland , Kristian Forland (2018)."A model to develop and implement a predictive
maintenance programme complying with industry 4.0 vision: A case study in skretting" .

Master's thesis , Universitetet I Atavanger , Faculty of Science and Technology .

Wang, C-H. and Hwang, S-L. (2004). A stochastic maintenance management with
recovery factor. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol.10 No.2, pp.
154 – 165.