PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Reporters:

Ferrer, Jasmin M.
Frias, Jonalyn M.
Geronimo, Nixon
Gonzales, Mylene M.
Gutierrez, Jannell Ann G.
Liquiran, Mary Grace S.
Lomibao, Juvelle
Macam, Aries
Melitar, Jeremy
Miranda, Jenilyn D.
Palaganas, Ma. Kyla
Perez, Glenn Clarence

WRITTEN REPORT IN TEACHING APPROACHES IN SECONDARY SOCIAL

STUDIES

TOPIC: SOCIAL SCIENCE

I. INTRODUCTION

Social science studies society and the relationships among individuals within the society.
It is known to have a broad spectrum. Due to this, many students find it hard to
differentiate social science with other disciplines such that to social studies. Today's
social science won't exist without its discursive history in the past. Modern practitioners
of social studies education easily ignore its history because of its complex beginning.
They usually set aside its importance in our everyday lives. In this discourse, the elusive
definition of social science, and its distinction with social studies is given due emphasis.
Also, we are going to explore more about the 'new’ social studies, its salient features,
and its rationale.

II. CONTENT
What is Social Science and Social Studies?

A social science is any branch of academic study or science that deals of human
behavior and its social and cultural aspect. In general social science focuses on the
study of society and the relationship among individuals within society. It covers a wide
spectrum of subjects including economics, political science, sociology, history,
archaeology, anthropology and law. Social science is widely understood as any course
or specialization of science that deals with various aspects of human behavior. Science
Daily defines social science as “an academic discipline concerned with society and the
relationships among individuals within a society, which often rely primarily on empirical
approaches” Furthermore, it is an organized and systematic investigation of the society
and of how and why such members of the society behave as individuals or as a group
within the society. It makes use of scientific and systematic method of acquiring
verifiable knowledge. .Furthermore, it is an organized and systematic investigation of
the society and of how and why such members of the society behave as individuals or
as a group within the society. It makes use of scientific and systematic method of
acquiring verifiable knowledge. Social Science therefore is a systematic knowledge that
looks into human behavior. It includes disciplines History, Geography, Economics,
Sociology and Political Science among others. It is science in the sense that it involves
scientific processes to observe empirical data.

On the other hand social studies are regarded as social related study, an independent
but at the same time unified subject. A one of a kind concept of many branches that
which stands through time. It is Aldi noted as as real time course of curriculum hence it
requires due to attention and unwavering call to look into such course. Social Studies
cover a very vast and wide area of concern. It is in fact as extensive as the dawn of
civilization up to the age of artificial intelligence. The breadth of social studies program
should provide for a myriad of learning experiences so that the child’s learning will be
well rounded and well balanced”.

The Social Studies objectives are to:

1. To know duties of man towards human society
2. To develop human and social qualities in students
3. To provide the awareness of natural and social environment
4. To know how man can fulfill his needs
5. To develop reflective and critical thinking and reasoning power in students
 6. To develop among students desirable attitudes and good behavior
7. To develop social and moral values appropriate for the development of the
society.

When we say Social Science, what does it really mean? They came up with the idea
that became the National Health Service, they shape the growth of the welfare state
providing a safety net for those needing a helping hand and they helped the bank of
Eng and deal with a financial crisis.
Who are these people the ones behind some of the most important changes to Britain
in the last century?

Social Scientist, that's who their research cover the full span of human behavior from
economics to education, sociology, geography, linguistics and social anthropology,
psychology to social work and even business and management studies. They look at
how society works, how we react and adapt to changes why something succeed and
others don't. Social Scientist do their research in different ways. Sometimes they set out
to prove or disapprove something in particular often times they came across new and
unexpected findings when doing basic research. Some Social Science research uses
large scale research projects. They follow groups of people through their lives over
many years. The result can help us including government, minister, even business and
charities understand how society changes and the impact this can have on individual
lives. This long-term work has helped us discover the effects of smoking during
pregnancy has on the development of children identify the scarring effects, rejected
unemployment and poverty can have and what impact living in a lone parent family can
have on the children's future.

The Social Science are all about understanding the way humans behave and interact
with each other helping to make our society a better place to live.
Social Studies can also be referred to Social Sciences. It's a field which deals with
human behavior, relationships, resources and institution. Its purpose is to help young
people develop the ability to make, informed and reasoned decisions for the public
good as citizens of interdependent world. It fosters student's understanding and
involvement in practice and ethical issues that face their communities and humankind.
How can we expect young people to contribute positivity to society, engaged in
discourse and thrive in a democratic society if they are not exposed to topics and
aspects of history and life that made the society the way it is. Through Social Studies,
we develop historical thinking and literacy as a way of navigating our world.

Distinction between Social Science and Social Studies

Social science and social studies are often interchanged with one another. However,
though both sound like two similar concepts, they are in actuality, two different fields of
study. They cannot be used interchangeably. These two broad areas can be compared
or contrasted in terms of their goals, methodologies, approaches, processes, history,
discipline covered and the tools used.

Social science, as the name implies, is merely a science that deals with human behavior
and society. It is a scientific field of study whose goal is to develop theories and
generalized ideas by gathering empirical data from scientific observation and
experimentation. Social studies, on the other hand, is a course or a discipline taught in
schools whose goal is to apply, utilize and further explain the concepts and theories
developed by social science to promote effective citizenry.

The main difference between social science and social studies exist in their purpose; in
social science, you study the society and social life of human groups while in social
studies, you study both social science and humanities in order to promote effective
citizenry. Another difference is that Social science is divided into many branches while
social studies is divided into two main categories of humanities and social sciences.
Though social studies is a subject that is taught from primary school onward, social
science is only available as a degree level course. In addition, social studies is a
relatively new term while social science dates back to the 18th century.

While social science covers many disciplines which include History, Psychology,
Geography, Economics and others, Social studies is composed of two main broad
categories of humanities and social sciences emphasizing that the latter is the broader
one. Despite being considered as a subject that is learned from primary school up to
the tertiary level, “Social Studies” is a relatively new term while social science started
way back to the 18th century.
Though study or investigation however is limited to the school setting, the objective of
social studies is to promote a sound citizenry while social science's objective is to
provide accurate knowledge and understanding to social studies. Putting premium to
the interdependent relationship of the two. In simple terms, Social studies can't educate
students without the knowledge given by social science, and what will social science do
to all of those knowledge without social studies imparting those to the world? Social
science without social studies is like a great singer without his voice, a singer without a
mic to showcase the world what he got. On the other hand, social studies without social
science is like a voice having nothing to voice out to the world.

As time passes by, despite of their differences, both social science and social studies'
importance remains the same. They may be distinct in many ways, but both subject to
accuracy and reliability. Both work hand-in-hand to help us understand the adversity of
human society and how it's like to be humans. In the end, both are interdependent with
one another and work hand-in-hand to help us understand the adversity of human
society and how it's like to be humans.

The ‘New’ Social Studies: its Salient Features

In 1994, the National Council for the Social Studies first published the national
curriculum standards for social studies which were used as a framework for professional
deliberation and planning about what should occur in a social studies program in grades
pre-K through 12. However, as changes in education is inevitable, the original
curriculum needs a makeover that is tailored for the requirements of the 21st century
learners, teachers, schools, districts, states, and other nations.
As we all know, the aim of social studies is the promotion of civic competence—the
knowledge, intellectual processes, and democratic dispositions required of students to
be active and engaged participants in public life. So NCSS continue to target the aim of
social studies by adjusting their ways for an effective instruction of social studies. This
new revised curriculum have through different discussions and collaborative effort. It
incorporates current research and suggestions for improvement from many experienced
practitioners.
As of now, the revision is still focused on the ten themes which represent a way of
categorizing knowledge about the human experience, and they constitute the
organizing strands that should thread through a social studies program, from grades
pre-K through 12, as appropriate at each level.
The ten themes are the following:

Culture
Through the study of culture and cultural diversity, learners understand how human
beings create, learn, share, and adapt to culture, and appreciate the role of culture in
shaping their lives and society, as well the lives and societies of others. In schools, this
theme typically appears in units and courses dealing with geography, history, sociology,
and anthropology, as well as multicultural topics across the curriculum.

Time, Continuity, and Change

Through the study of the past and its legacy, learners examine the institutions, values,
and beliefs of people in the past, acquire skills in historical inquiry and interpretation,
and gain an understanding of how important historical events and developments have
shaped the modern world. This theme appears in courses in history, as well as in other
social studies courses for which knowledge of the past is important.

People, Places, and Environments

This theme helps learners to develop their spatial views and perspectives of the world,
to understand where people, places, and resources are located and why they are there,
and to explore the relationship between human beings and the environment. In
schools, this theme typically appears in courses dealing with geography and area
studies, but it is also important for the study of the geographical dimension of other
social studies subjects.

Individual Development and Identity

Personal identity is shaped by family, peers, culture, and institutional influences.
Through this theme, students examine the factors that influence an individual’s
personal identity, development, and actions. This theme typically appears in courses
and units dealing with psychology, anthropology, and sociology.

Individual, Groups, and Institutions

Institutions such as families and civic, educational, governmental, and religious
organizations, exert a major influence on people’s lives. This theme allows students to
understand how institutions are formed, maintained, and changed, and to examine their
influence. In schools, this theme typically appears in units and courses dealing with
sociology, anthropology, psychology, political science, and history.

Power, Authority, and Governance

One essential component of education for citizenship is an understanding of the
historical development and contemporary forms of power, authority, and governance.
Through this theme, learners become familiar with the purposes and functions of
government, the scope and limits of authority, and the differences between democratic
and non-democratic political systems. In schools, this theme typically appears in units
and courses dealing with government, history, civics, law, politics, and other social
sciences.

Production, Distribution, and Consumption

This theme provides for the study of how people organize for the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services, and prepares students for the
study of domestic and global economic issues. In schools, this theme typically appears
in units and courses dealing with economic concepts and issues, though it is also
important for the study of the economic dimension of other social studies subjects.

Science and Technology, and Society

By exploring the relationships among science, technology, and society, students
develop an understanding of past and present advances in science and technology and
their impact. This theme appears in a variety of social studies courses, including history,
geography, economics, civics, and government.

Global Connections
The realities of global interdependence require an understanding of the increasingly
important and diverse global connections among world societies. This theme prepares
students to study issues arising from globalization. It typically appears in units or
courses dealing with geography, culture, economics, history, political science,
government, and technology.

Civic Ideals and Practices

An understanding of civic ideals and practices is critical to full participation in society
and is an essential component of education for citizenship. This theme enables students
to learn about the rights and responsibilities of citizens of a democracy, and to
appreciate the importance of active citizenship. In schools, the theme typically appears
in units or courses dealing with civics, history, political science, cultural anthropology,
and fields such as global studies, law-related education, and the humanities.

To show the interrelatedness of the ten themes, for example, the use of the NCSS
standards might support a plan to teach about the topic of the U. S. Civil War by
drawing on three different themes: Theme 2 (TIME, CONTINUITY, AND CHANGE);
Theme 3 (PEOPLE, PLACES, AND ENVIRONMENTS); and Theme 10 (CIVIC IDEALS AND
PRACTICES).

Moreover, the reason why the newly added feature of this revised standards is better, is
because it improved on:
 Purposes
 Questions for Exploration
 Knowledge: what learners need to understand
 Processes: what learners capable of doing
 Products: how learners demonstrate understanding

This new curriculum standards for social studies is yet the best representation of
educators’ necessary framework that aims to educate the young people, promote civic
competence, and preparing them for the challenges of citizenship.

Social studies is culture, economic, government, history, politics, geography, and so

much more. Social studies is important because social studies education helps students
understand the world they live in, so they can make informed decisions about issues
affecting them, especially when they grow older. Through social studies, students
develop historical thinking and literacy as a way of navigating our world.

Here are the following importance:

Learning how government works makes us better citizens

  Government is best defined as a place where conflicts are resolved. One
of the reasons why government is necessary is because without
government we would have chaos. There would be no order and there
would be no rules. Rules set the standard and keep things in balance.
Furthermore, having rules not only keeps things in balance, but also
maintains order within a society. It keeps from rebellions happening and
maintains peace. Another reason why government is necessary is because
it states the rights that a citizen has.
Your vote counts
 Like here in the Philippines we are democratic country where in our
country has a system of government in which the people have the power
to participate im decision making

Learning history help us find find admirable people that we can try to be like
 Through history, we can learn how past societies, systems, ideologies,
governments, cultures, and technologies were built, how they operated,
and how they have changed. History is WHAT happen way back WHEN. It
is WHO made it happen and it is WHERE we started. History is WHY
something happened and HOW we learned from it. Learning history help
us not to make the same mistakes. The rich history of the world helps us
to paint a detailed picture of where we stand today.

Learning the constitutions: Let us know our rights

 Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human
behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law.
 Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex,
nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights
include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of
opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.

"RATIONALE OF THE NEW SOCIAL STUDIES"

The National Council of Social Studies(NCSS) first published a national curriculum
standard. This standard curriculum has an objective to provide framework for
professional deliberation and planning about what should occur in social studies
program from grades pre-K through 12.
Since then, the social studies standard has been widely accepted and successfully used
as a frameworks for teachers, schools, district states and other nations as a tool for
curriculum alignment and development.

However, as we live in the 21st century, there is a need to change in the curriculum in
responds to the 21st century learners to adapt to thos changes.
This led to the revision of the standard, the revision are now more focused and
incorporates current researches that are highly relevant. The revision aims to provide a
framework for teaching, learning and assessment of social studies and that includes
sharper ariculation of the curriculum.

Here are the 4 Rationale of Social Studies

1. SOCIAL INITIATION
Social Studies encourage a interaction and participation. In this context, student
participate into the society by transmitting their underatanding , abiloty and values to
become a productive member of the society.

2. SOCIAL REFORMATION
Social Studies has an objective to create change in the society. It empower students
with the valuea and abilities to transform their society and achieve development.

3. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Social Studies become a source of help for every student or individual to fosterl talent,
skills and most importantly a character within their self that led to personal growth and
development.

4. ACADEMIC UNDERSTANDING
This rationale focus on providing and introducing bodies of knowledge related to social
sciences for every student. The prime justification of this rationale is the value of
understanding the structure and content of social science.

The central purpose of social studies education is the development of citizenship. The
development of civic competence—the knowledge, intellectual processes, and
democratic dispositions required of students in order for them to be active and engaged
citizens in public life. By making civic competence a central aim, NCSS emphasizes the
importance of educating students who are committed to the ideas and values of
democracy. It helps young people make informed and reasoned decisions for the public
good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world.

In social studies education, four elements are essential. The first element is
knowledge. Social studies must draw heavily upon the social sciences, including history,
and from related fields such as law, psychology, the humanities, journalism, and the
arts. Young people must come to see that the ideas that make up the body of the
scholarly fields change over the course of a year. Knowledge must be balanced and
intellectually honest. The second element is values. Identifying their own values must
be a part of students' education in social studies. Recognizing the values of others is
also necessary.The third element is skills in acquiring information and thinking about
social affairs. Young people need skills to make their knowledge and values active and
so continue in the lifelong process of learning. The fourth element is social
participation.Take a part as citizen in social process to built a democracy or social
justice in democratic countries . a person’s involvement in activities that provide
interaction with others in society or the community. These four elements are essential
to achieve the purpose of social studies education.

III. CONCLUSION
To sum up this topic, social science's broad spectrum makes it possible for students of
social studies learn more - from politics, history, geography and it even lead to
developing critical thinking. It is the science that deals with society, making it distinct to
social studies which is more focused to promoting effective citizenry. These skills help
us to make wise career decision in the future. Moreover, through social studies, we,
students can develop our historical thinking and literacy as a way to navigate our world,
helping us to understand the world where we live in. Now, development of social
science still persists through time.
TRIVIA:
On the Philippine side social studies took of in 1901 when history was taught in the
elementary but became a separation subject in the curriculum in 1906. In the year 1925
The Course of Study for Intermediate Grade declared that the main goal of civic is to
produce good citizens. However, social studies just finally became a subject are in the
school curriculum of the Philippine in 1987 until 1960. Since then social studiesin the
Philippine continued to flourish.
The father of social science is David Emile Durkheim beacuse of his remarkable works in
laying a foundation on practical social research.

REFLECTION:

I love the idea that social studies became one of the major subject in secondary level.
As a social studies student, I now understand the true essence of why social studies is
important to teach and learn. Studying this subject is a huge help for students to
enhance their critical thinking when it comes to our society. I think social studies makes
student curious about different aspect and different social problem. It makes them
stand their own opinion and investigate if they are correct or not. Teachers teach this
subject to make students self-reliant problem solvers.

As I choosing this course, a lot of question comes to my mind. What is social studies?
Why should we teach social studies? And how should we teach social studies without
making our students bored? What should we get in teaching and learning this subject? I
was able to grasp each of these questions and how they interacted with each other as a
result of this lesson, and I was able to establish my own opinion on each. This
combination of questions explains why I believe I would be a goods fit for teaching
social studies. When I came to a conclusion about the theme of social studies is. I
concluded that its all about people. The way people interact, change their environment,
form governing structure and shape the current society as a result of past event. Each
of these various human behaviors has a distinct meaning.

REFERENCE:
https://blogside.wordpress.com/2015/09/29/4-rationales-of-social-studies/
https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/national/article/2020/7/20/why-is-it-important-
to-study-history
https://www.nodangliaeducation.com
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-objectivity
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-science.asp
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science/History-of-the-separate-disciplines