6 Special Issues When Pumping Solids-laden Fluids 61 Settling Speed Solids (which ace heavier than water) are most easiest to pump ‘when their setting speed is low- ext and their flow velocity high- est, Because of the large number of influencing parameters, the settling speed can only be caleu- lated based on simplifying as sumptions: the settling speed of Pease at 30 aim 100 a single sphere in an unlimited space (subscript 0) results from ig. 5. Setting speed ws0 of individual spherical particles (spherical force equilibrium as diameter dq) in still water “The solids concentration: considerably because of the mu tual repulsion of the particles, = QQ+QI_——(43)_—_ approximately according to the following empirical relationship has a large effect, where where P ‘wea Setting speed in m/s cr lowed sldsconom- | memmas(l-er (4 8 Gravitational constant tration (tanspore concen 9.81 mis tration} The effect ofan iregular par 4d, Diameter of sphere in m Q Flow rate of the solid in ticle shape cannot be estimated; ‘ep Resistance coefficient of the mis the shape may differ substan Q¢ Flow rate ofthe fluid intially from that ofa sphere. sphere dependent on Rey @ Density of the solid in kgm? = 8 “The effec ofthe particle size of Density ofthe uid in kg/in® The solids concentration and distribution can also hardly be the boundary effect of the pipe calculated. Fig. 56 shows an Ts (42) Walls reduce the setlng speed example ofthe disuibution of where aes faction 100% ve Kinematic viscosity of the liquid in Pas The settling speed wo i shown graphically in Fig. 5 eae obt ey 1 am Fig. Sé: Example of a particle size distribution 7