Contrastive Linguistics: Revision

Chapter I. 1. What is a language? Its functions, its properties and its units.

2. What is Contrastive linguistics? And what are trends/approaches of

Contrastive linguistics? The purposes (in theoretical linguistics & in
applied linguistics.), the objectives, the agents of Contrastive linguistics.
3. What are types of languages based on structural and functional approach?
4. What are types of languages based on generative, cognitive and
pragmatic approaches?
5. Explain your understanding about the relationship among these 3 circles
in the following picture.
 6. Present your understanding about Cognitive language development.
Illustrate through examples.
7. What is Tertium Comparationis? How to establish Tertium
Comparationis? (the bases/factors)
8. Present Krzeszowski’s concept of equivalent. Illustrate through
examples.
9. What are Input, Intake and Output? Give out examples to prove your
understanding.
10.The role of native language in second language acquisition
11.What is language transfer? Positive and Negative transfer.

Chapter II. 12. What are areas of Contrastive linguistics?

13. What are models of Contrastive linguistics?

14. What are Interlingual and Intralingual Contrastive analysis? Illustrate

through examples.

15. Present characteristics of Tertium Comparationis.

16. Present stages of Contrastive study? Which stage is the most important
in your opinion?

Chapter III

17. Presents the 2 popular approaches for Vietnamese learners of English in

learning syntax: structural & functional. Give out and analyse examples to prove
your understanding.

18. What are contrastive syntatic units

Chapter IV

19. What is a lexeme?

20. Differences between lexeme and word.

21. Differences of mophological categories in synthetic/inflectional

language English and analytic/monosyllabic language Vietnamese. Illustrate
through examples.
 22. What is contrastive concept analysis on lexeme?

23. What is lexical cognitive concept?

24. What is a metaphor? Its characteristics.

ChapterV

25. What are phoneme and allophones? The main similarities and
differences in phonemes between English and Vietnamese.

26. What are segmental and suprasegmental phonemes?

27. The differences in phonetics between English and Vietnamese.

Chapter VI

28. The differences of text, text analysis and discourse, discourse analysis.

29. What are speech acts? Types of speech acts.

30. The differences and relationship between cohesion and coherence.

Illustrate with examples.

31. Theme and rheme. Types of theme.

Exercises
1. Contrast and Identify the similarities, the differences of phonemes between
English and Vietnamese.
2. Identify the differences of phonetics between English and Vietnamese.

3. Describe the characteristics of conceptual metaphors. Analyze the following

two proverbs, and identify the similarities and differences between English
and Vietnamese:

“Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom”

           “Không có gì quý hơn độc lập tự do”
 4. Contrast and Identify the similarities & differences of word classes/parts of
speech in English and Vietnamese.

5. Contrast and present the similarities and differences of compound sentences

between English and Vietnamese. Illustrate through examples.

6. Contrast and present the similarities and differences in complex sentences

between English and Vietnamese. Illustrate through examples.
7. Exercise (Practicing sample): Contrast and identify the similarities and
differences between two sentences (two texts) in English and Vietnamese
below:

A car bomb killed fifteen people and wounded more than one hundred in
Beirut.

Một vụ đặt bom xe hơi đã làm thiệt mạng mười lăm người và làm bị thương
hơn một trăm người tại Beirut.

8. Using cohesive devices to write a coherent paragraph.