HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

“HEALTHY PEOPLE ARE THOSE WHO LIVE IN HEALTHY HOMES ON HEALTH HOMES ON A HEALTHY DIET;
IN AN ENVIRONMENT EQUALLY FIT FOR BIRTH, GROWTH, WORK, HEALING AND DYING HEALTHY PEOPLE
NEDD NO BUREAUCRATIC INTERFERENCE TO MATE, GIVE BIRTH SHARE THE HUMAN CONDITION AND
DIE”

- IVAN ILLICH

HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH

THIS CONCEPT RECOGNIZE THE STRENGTH OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
INFLUENCES ON HEALTH.

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:

1. HEREDITY
2. WELFARE SERVICES
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION
4. HEALTH AND FAMILY LIFESTYLE

CONCEPT OF DISEASE

DISEASE IS A RESULT FROM COMPLEX INTERACTION BETWEEN MAN, AN AGENT AND THE
ENVIRONMENT.

- FROM ECOLOGICAL POINTS OF VIEW, DISEASE IS DEFINED AS “MALADJUSTMENT OF HUMAN

ORGANISM TO THE ENVIRONMENT.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

 ENVIRONMENT
 HOST
 AGENT
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL

HUMAN ACTIVITIES INDIVIDUAL HEALTH OF INDIVIDUAL

ENVIRONMENT

ALL OF THE EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING AN ORGANISM THIS FACTORS MAYBE OTHER LIVING
Organism's (biotic factors) on involving variables (abiotic factors) such as temperature, rainfall,
day length, wind and ocean currents.

The interactions of organism with biotic and abiotic forms an ecosystem.

Types of environments

1. Macro – environment the external environment

-is said to be responsible for millions of preventable diseases originating in it.
2. Micro- environment- is the domestic environment in which men live.
3. Internal environment is sometimes used for the environment inside the body.

Components of environment

1. Physical environment- air, h2o, soil, climate, geography, heat, light, noise and radiation.
2. Biological environment- man, viruses, microbiological, humans and animals.
3. Psychosocial environment- cultural values, attitudes, moods, religion, education, lifestyle and
affecting and health services.

The environment is all external conditions, circumstances and influences surrounding and
affecting the growth and development of an organism or community organism.

Environmental health is the study and management of environmental conditions that affect the
health and well-being of humans. Factors that affect environmental health are:

Types of hazards

A. Environmental hazards- biological, chemical, physical, psychological, sociological or site and

location hazards.
B. Biological hazards- these are living organism or their products that are harmful to humans.
1. Water- borne disease are disease that are transmitted in drinking h2o.
2. Food borne diseases are diseases transmitted in or on food. To protect against food
borne diseases sanitarians from local health departments routinely inspect food
establishments. To verify that food is being stored and handled properly.
 3. Vector borne diseases are those transmitted by insects or other arthropods. Improper
environmental management can cause vector-borne diseases outbreaks.
-They are transmitted by mosquitoes and plague and urine typhus transmitted by fleas.

C. Chemical hazards it is a result from mismanagement or misuse of chemicals resulting in

unacceptable risk to human health.
1. pesticides are chemicals- most pesticides kill non-target organism as well as the target
or pest species. The wise use of pesticides can protect human health and agricultural
crops.
D. Physical hazards include airborne particles, humidity, equipment design and radiation.
E. Psychological hazards are environmental factors that produce psychological changes
expressed as stress, depression and hysteria.
F. Sociological hazards are those that result from in a society where are experiences noise,
lack of privacy and overcrowding.
G. Site and location hazards natural disasters are geographical and meteorological events that
produce significant damage and injuries.