F4 BCD Maths Exam Revision 2020/2021 2nd term

Chapter 7 Logarithmic Function

Definition of Logarithm
For 𝑎 > 0, and 𝑎 ≠ 1
If 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 , then 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥; if 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥, then 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 (logarithm is to find the power)
Properties of Logarithm:
log 𝑎 1 = 0 log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1 log 𝑎 (𝑀𝑁) = log 𝑎 𝑀 + log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑛 log 𝑐 𝑁
𝑀 log 𝑎 𝑀 = 𝑛 log 𝑎 𝑀
log 𝑎 ( ) = log 𝑎 𝑀 − log 𝑎 𝑁 log 𝑎 𝑁 =
𝑁 log 𝑐 𝑎
log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎log𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 1
log 𝑎𝑛 𝑁 = log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑛
Logarithmic Function: 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥, domain: 𝑥 > 0, range: 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
Graph of Logarithmic Function

1. Simplify the following expression.

1 log 54 + log 2
log(xy3 ) − log( x y 6 ) log(x 2 y 3 ) − log(x 3 y ) (c)
(a) (b) 3 1 1
log x − log y 3 3 log 3 − log 
log 3 x 3 8

3
log 3 + log 8 − log 5 5 log xy 3 − log(xy)
(d) 2 (e)
3 (f) log3 125 log5 81
5 − log(xy) + log(x 2 y)
log 3 − log 
2 2

2. Given that log 3 = 𝑥 and log 4 = 𝑦, express the following in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
(a) log 1.2 (b) log 18 (c) log 9 40
3. Solve the following logarithmic equations.

(a) 2 log √𝑥 − log(1 − 𝑥) = 1 (b) log 2 (2𝑥 − 1) + log 1 (𝑥 + 1) = 2

2

log(𝑥 2 −1) log3 (3𝑥−4)

(c) =2 (d) = −1 (e) (log 𝑥)2 − log 𝑥 − 12 = 0
log(𝑥+3) log1 (𝑥+2)
3

(f) log(𝑥 + 2) + log(𝑥 − 1) = log 𝑥 (g) log 4 (𝑥 + 4) + log 4 (𝑥 + 10) = 2

4. The following figure shows the graphs of the following functions:
𝑦 = log 𝑥, 𝑦 = log 3 𝑥, 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥, 𝑦 = log 0.5 𝑥, 𝑦 = log 0.3 𝑥
Please match the expression of the function to each graph.

A: ______________; B:_____________; C:______________; D:______________; E:______________

Solutions:
1. (a) 1
(b) -7
(c) 2
3
(d) 2

(e) -1
(f) 12
2. (a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1
1
(b) 2𝑥 + 2 𝑦

𝑦+1
(c) 2𝑥

10 5
3. (a) 𝑥 = (b) No solution (c) 𝑥 = − (d) 𝑥 = 3 (e) 𝑥 = 10000
11 3

(f) 𝑥 = √2 (g) 𝑥 = −2
4.
A: 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥
B: 𝑦 = log 3 𝑥
C: 𝑦 = log 𝑥
D: 𝑦 = log 0.3 𝑥
E: 𝑦 = log 0.5 𝑥,
Chapter 9 Variation

1. Write an equation to represent each of the following statements. Use k1, k2 and / or k3 to denote the
constants/variation constants.
(a) A partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as the square of x.
(b) B is partly constant and partly varies inversely as r.
(c) C is partly constant and partly varies jointly as u and v3.
(d) D is a sum of three parts, one part is a constant, another part is directly proportional to p, and the last
part is inversely proportional to q.

2. Write an equation to represent each of the following statements. Use the letter k to denote the variation
constant.
(a) y varies directly as x and z.

(b) z varies jointly as x and y.

(c) z varies inversely as x and directly as t3.

(d) u varies directly as x2 and t, and inversely as v3.

3. It is given that s varies directly as p 2 and inversely as q, and s = 16 when p = 2 and q = 11 .

(a) Find an equation connecting p, q and s.

(b) Find the value of s when p = 3 and q = 12 .
4. It is given that y is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the square root of x. When x = 4 ,
y = 27 ; when x = 9 , y = 22 .
(a) Find an equation connecting x and y.
(b) Find the value of y when x = 25.

5. The cost ($C) of making a cylindrical can varies jointly as its height (h cm) and the square of the base
radius (r cm). The ratio of the cost of making cylindrical can A to that of can B is 6 : 5, and the ratio of the
height of can A to that of can B is 8 : 15. Find the base radius of can B if the base radius of
can A is 6 cm.

6. The cost ($C) of producing a stapler is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the number of
staplers (n) produced. When 250 staplers are produced, the cost of each stapler is $18. When
1000 staplers are produced, the cost of each stapler is $13.5.
(a) Express C in terms of n.
(b) How many staplers should be produced if the cost of each stapler is $16?
(c) If 750 staplers are produced and each stapler is sold at $25, what is the profit per cent?
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

Solutions:
1. (a) ∵ A partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as the square of x.
∴ A = k1 x + k 2 x 2

(b) ∵ B is partly constant and partly varies inversely as r.

k
∴ B = k1 + 2
r

(c) ∵ C is partly constant and partly varies jointly as u and v3.

∴ C = k1 + k 2 uv 3

(d) ∵ D is a sum of three parts, one part is a constant, another part is directly proportional to p, and the
last part is inversely proportional to q.
k
∴ D = k1 + k 2 p + 3
q
2. (a) ∵ y varies directly as x and z.
∴ y = kxz

(b) ∵ z varies jointly as x and y.

∴ z = k xy

(c) ∵ z varies inversely as x and directly as t3.

kt 3
∴ z=
x
(d) ∵ u varies directly as x2 and t, and inversely as v3.
kx 2 t
∴ u=
v3
44 p 2
3. (a) s =
q

(b) 33

30
4. (a) y = 12 +
x

(b) 18

5. The base radius of can B is 4 cm.

1500
6. (a) C = 12 +
n
(b) 375 staplers should be produced such that the cost of each stapler is $16.
(c) 78.6% (cor. To 3 sig.fig)
Radian Measure
The relation between degree and radian

Arc length of sector

Area of sector

or

Area of triangle
1.Convert the following angles into radian measure. (Leave your answers in terms of π.)
(a) 50 (b) 240

2. Convert the following angles into degree measure.

9
(a) 0.7 rad (b) rad
20

3. Calculate the area of the sector. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

4. OAB is a sector of a circle with centre O. OCD is a sector of a circle with centre O. OCA and ODB are
straight lines. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 75°, 𝑂𝐷 = 6 cm and 𝐷𝐵 = 4 cm. Calculate the perimeter of the shaded region.
Given your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

5. OAB is a sector of a circle with centre O. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 60°, 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 12 cm, Calculate the length of the
arc AB. Given your answer in terms of 𝜋
6. OABC is made from a triangle and a sector of a circle. OAB is a triangle. OBC is a sector of a circle with
centre O. 𝑂𝐴 = 12 cm and 𝐴𝐵 = 16 cm. Given that ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 = 50° and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 38°. Calculate the area
of OABC. Given your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

7. The diagram shows a sector OAPB of a circle with centre O. AB is a chord of the circle.
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 5.4 cm. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 72°. Calculate the area of the shaded segment APB. Given your answer
correct to 3 significant figures.

Solutions:
 
1. (a) 50 = 50  rad (b) 240 = 240  rad
180 180

5 4
= rad = rad
18 3

2. (a) 0.7 rad = 0.7 180 9 9  180

(b) rad =
20 20
= 126 = 81

3. 1480 cm2
4. 28.9 cm
5. 4𝜋
6. 152 cm2
7. 4.46 cm2
Chapter 8 More About Equations
- Equations Reducible to Quadratic Equation
2 3
1. Solve + = −1
x − 4 2x − 3

2. Solve x 4 − 7 x 2 − 18 = 0 .

3. Solve x − 3x − 2 = 4 .

1
4. Solve 2 x + = 3.
x

5. Solve 32 x − 25(3 x ) − 54 = 0 .

6. Solve (log x) 2 − 2 log x − 8 = 0 .

7. Solve ( x 2 + 2 x) 2 − 7( x 2 + 2 x) − 8 = 0 .

8. Solve (4 x 2 − x) 2 − 8(4 x 2 − x) + 15 = 0 .

Solutions:
1. x = −1 or x = 3

2. x = 3

3. By checking, the solution of the equation is x = 9 .

1
4. By checking, the solutions of the equation are x = and x = 1 .
4

5. x=3

1
6. x= or x = 10 000
100

7.

x = − 4 or x = 2 or x = −1

3 5
x=− or x = 1 or x = − 1 or x =
4 4
8.
Module 2 Chapter 3 More About Trigonometric Functions

Evaluate trigonometric functions under given conditions.

Apply 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑟 method. Be aware of the location of angle 𝜃.
16
1. Given that sin  = and tan  > 0, find the values of cos  , sin 2𝜃, cos 2𝜃.
19
√105 32√105 105
Short Ans: cos 𝜃 = , sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = , cos 2𝜃 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃 = 361
19 361
4
2. Given that tan  = and cos  0 , find the values of sin and cos , tan 2𝜃
5
4 √5 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 8√5
Short Ans: sin 𝜃 = − , cos 𝜃 = − , tan 2𝜃 = 1−tan2 𝜃 = −
√21 √21 11

7
3. Given that tan  = − and sin  0 , find the value of sin 𝜃, cos 𝜃, sin 2𝜃, cos 2𝜃, tan 2𝜃.
4
Short Ans:
𝑟 = √65 or 𝑟 = √65 (rejected)
𝑦 7 𝑥 4 56 2 tan 𝜃 56
∴ sin 𝜃 = = , cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = − , sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = − 65, tan 2𝜃 = 1−tan2 𝜃 = 36
𝑟 √65 √65

Simplify the following expressions.

For questions 1 – 4, you may apply: 奇(縱)變偶(橫)不變，符號看象限
sin 2 (180 − θ ) + sin 2 (90 − θ ) sin 𝜃
1. Simplify . Ans:
tan (90 + θ ) • cos (180 + θ ) cos2 𝜃

sin (180 − θ ) • tan (90 − θ )

2. Simplify 2 sin 2 (90 − θ ) − cos2 (−θ ) − . Ans: − sin2 𝜃
cos (360 − θ )
cos(180 −  )
3. Simplify 2 cos(90 +  ) • cos(270 +  ) + sin 2 (180 +  ) − Ans: cos2 𝜃
sin(360 −  ) • tan( 270 +  )
cos(𝐴+𝐵)+cos(𝐴−𝐵)
4. Simplify . Ans: cot 𝐵
sin(𝐴+𝐵)−sin(𝐴−𝐵)

5. Simplify (1 + tan 𝑥)[1 + tan(45° − 𝑥)]. Ans: 2

cos(𝑥+𝑦)
6. Simplify + tan 𝑥. Ans: cos 2 𝜃
sin(𝑥+𝑦)−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦

tan(𝑥+𝑦)−tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦
7. Simplify . Ans: tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
tan(𝑥+𝑦)

1 1
8. Simplify (sin 𝐴 − 2 sin 2𝐴) (sin 𝐴 + 2 sin 2𝐴). Ans: sin4 𝐴

9. Simplify (1 − tan 𝐴)(1 + cot 𝐴) tan 2𝐴. Ans: 2

sin 2𝐴 cos 2𝐴
10. Simplify − . Ans: sec 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
Prove the following identities.

sin( − 180)
1. Prove that • cos (180 +  ) − cos (90 +  ) • tan( 270 −  )  0
2 2

sin(270 −  )

sin(𝑥+𝑦)
2. = cot 𝑥 + cot 𝑦
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦

3. tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) − tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 tan(𝑥 + 𝑦)

4. sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = (sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴)(cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐵)

5. Prove tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 = 2 cosec 2𝑥.

6. Prove tan 𝑥 tan 2𝑥 + 1 = sec 2𝑥.

Solve the following trigonometric equations.

Recall the principles in solving trigonometric equations every time.

1. Solve the following equations for 0  x  360. (Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.)

(a) tan 2 x − 8 tan x + 16 = 0 Ans: 𝑥 = 76.0° or 𝑥 = 256.0°

(b) 3sin 2 x − 8 sin x + 4 = 0 Ans: 𝑥 = 41.8° or 𝑥 = 138.2°

2. Solve 3 cos2  + 7 sin  + 3 = 0 for 0    360 . (Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.)

Ans: 𝜃 = 221.8° or 𝜃 = 318.2°

7𝜋 11𝜋 19𝜋 23𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋

3. Solve sin 4𝑥 + cos 2𝑥 = 0 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 Ans: 12 , , , , 4, , ,
12 12 12 4 4 4

7𝜋 11𝜋 3𝜋
4. Solve cos 2𝑥 − 3 sin 𝑥 − 2 = 0 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 Ans: 𝑥 = , ,
6 6 2
Draw the following trigonometric graphs.

𝜋
1.) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 3 cos(2𝑥 − 𝜋) − 1 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋. 2.) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = −2 sin (2𝑥 + ) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋.
2

Range:______________ Period:_______ Range:______________ Period:_______

𝜋 𝜋
3.) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = −3 cos (3𝑥 − ) + 1 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋.
2
4.) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2 tan (2𝑥 + ) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋.
4

Range:______________ Period:_______ Range:______________ Period:_______

𝜋
5.) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = −2 tan (3𝑥 − ) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋.
2

Range:______________ Period:_______