Further Pure Mathematics

Logarithm and Exponential - 1

Prepared by Faisal Mizan

Senior teacher of Mastermind
 Further Pure Mathematics

Exercise 1:
1. Convert from exponential to logarithmic form:
1
a) 43 = 64, b) 25 = 32, c) 53 = 125 d) 62 = 36 e) 2−5 =
32
1
f) 3−4 = g) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 h) 𝑥 𝑦 = 4 i) 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐
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2. Convert from logarithmic form to exponential form:

1
a) log 2 4 = 2, b) log 2 64 = 6, c) log 5 1 = 0 d) log 3 9 = 2 e) log 36 6 =
2
1
f) log 8 2 = g) log 𝑥 1 = 0 h) log 𝑥 8 = 𝑦 i) log 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑐
3

3. Solve the following:

1
a) log 2 𝑥 = 4, b) log 3 𝑥 = 2 c) log 5 𝑥 = 4 d) log 3 𝑥 =
2

e) log 𝑥 144 = 2 f) log 2 (𝑥 − 1) = 4 g) log 3 (2𝑥 + 1) = 2 h) log 5 (2 − 3𝑥) = 3

4. Simplify the following:
3 1
a) log 𝑥 𝑥 2 , b) log 𝑥 √𝑥 c) log 𝑥 (𝑥 √𝑥) d) log 𝑥
𝑥2

1 3 𝑥 𝑥√𝑥
e) log 𝑥 ( 2) f) log 𝑥 (√𝑥 7 ) g) log 𝑥 ( 3 ) h) log 𝑥 ( 3 )
𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥
1 1
Ans: [1] (a) log 4 64 = 3, (b) log 2 32 = 5, (c) log 5 125 = 3, (d) log 6 36 = 2, (e) log 2 = −5, (f) log 3 = −4,
32 81
1 1
(g) log 𝑎 𝑏 = 2, (h) log 𝑥 4 = 𝑦, (i) log 𝑎 𝑐 = 𝑏, [2] (a) 22 = 4, (b) 26 = 64, (c) 50 = 1, (d) 32 = 9, (e) 362 = 6, (f) 83 = 2,
1
(g) 𝑥 0 = 1, (h) 𝑥 𝑦 = 8, (i) 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏, [3] (a) 16, (b) 9, (c) 625, (d) √3, (e) 12, (f) 17, (g) 4, (h) −41, [4] (a) 2, (b) , (c) 1.5,
3
2 7
(d) −2, (e) −6, (f) 3.5, (g) , (h)
3 6

Exercise 2: (Convert the following in single logarithm and solve the following equations)
1. (a) log 2 𝑥 + log 2 4 = log 2 20 (b) log 4 2𝑥 − log 4 5 = log 4 3 (c) log 4 (𝑥 − 5) + log 4 5 = 2 log 4 10
(d) log 3 (𝑥 + 3) = 2 log 3 4 + log 3 5
2. (a) log 6 𝑥 + log 6 3 = 2 (b) lg(5𝑥) − lg(𝑥 − 4) = 1 (c) log 2 (𝑥 + 4) = 1 + log 2 (𝑥 − 3)
(d) log 3 (2𝑥 + 3) = 2 + log 3 (2𝑥 − 5) (e) log 5 (10𝑥 + 3) − log 5 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2 (f) lg(4𝑥 + 5) + 2 lg 2 = 1 + lg(2𝑥 − 1)
3. (a) log 5 (𝑥 + 8) + log 5 (𝑥 + 2) = log 5 20𝑥 (b) log 3 𝑥 + log 3 (𝑥 − 2) = log 3 15
(c) 2 log 4 𝑥 − log 4 (𝑥 + 3) = 1 (d) lg 𝑥 + lg(𝑥 + 1) = lg 20 (e) lg 3 𝑥 + log 3 (2𝑥 − 5) = 1
(f) 3 + 2 log 2 𝑥 = log 2 (14𝑥 − 3) (g) lg(𝑥 + 5) + lg 2𝑥 = 2 (h) lg 𝑥 + lg(𝑥 − 15) = 2
4. (a) log 𝑥 64 − log 𝑥 4 = 1 (b) log 𝑥 16 + log 𝑥 4 = 3 (c) log 𝑥 4 − 2 log 𝑥 3 = 2 (d) log 𝑥 15 = 2 + log 𝑥 5
Ans: [1] (a) 5, (b) 7.5, (c) 25, (d) 77, [2] (a) 12, (b) 8, (c) 10, (d) 3, (e) 0.7, (f) 7.5, [3] (a) 2.8, (b) 5, (c) 6, (d) 4, (e) 3,
1 3 2
(f) , , (g) 5, (h) 20, [4] (a) 16, (b) 4, (c) , (d) √3.
4 2 3

Exercise 3: (Exponential)
1. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures:
(a) 2𝑥 = 70, (b) 3𝑥 = 20, (c) 5𝑥 = 4, (d) 23𝑥 = 150, (e) 3𝑥+1 = 55, (f) 22𝑥+1 = 20, (g) 7𝑥−5 = 40, (h) 7𝑥 = 3𝑥+4
2. Solve, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures:
(a) 2𝑥+2 − 2𝑥 = 4 (b) 2𝑥+1 − 2𝑥−1 − 8 = 0 (c) 3𝑥+1 − 8(3𝑥−1 ) − 5 = 0,
(d) 2𝑥+2 − 2𝑥−3 = 12 (e) 5𝑥 − 5𝑥+2 + 125 = 0
Ans: [1] (a) 6.13, (b) 2.73, (c) 0.861, (d) 2.41, (e) 2.65, (f) 1.66, (g) 6.90, (h) 5.19, [2] (a) 0.415, (b) 2.42, (c) 2.46, (d) 1.63, (e) 1.03.

FAISAL MIZAN 1
 Further Pure Mathematics

Exercise 4:
1 3 1 1
1. Without using a calculator find: (a) ln 𝑒 2 , (b) ln 𝑒 3 , (c) ln √𝑒, (d) ln 1, (e) ln , (f) ln √𝑒, (g) ln ( 2), (h) ln ( )
𝑒 𝑒 √𝑒

2. Write as a single logarithm or integer: (a) ln 15 + ln 3, (b) ln 15 − ln 3 (c) 1 + ln 4

(d) ln 20 − ln 5 (e) ln 4 + ln 6 (f) ln 5 + ln(0.2) (g) ln 2 + ln 3 + ln 5 (h) ln 6 − 1
(i) ln 5 + ln 8 − ln 2 (j) 2 + ln 4 (k) ln 20 − 2 (l) ln 12 − ln 4 − ln 3
3. Solve for 𝑥, giving an exact answer:
𝑥 𝑥
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 = 10, (b) 𝑒 𝑥 = 1000 (c) 2𝑒 𝑥 = 0.3 (d) 𝑒 2 = 5 (e) 𝑒 2𝑥 = 18 (f) 𝑒 −2 = 1
32 8
4. (a) Find the exact solution of the equations: (i) − 𝑒 𝑥 = 4, (ii) − 𝑒 𝑥 = 2, (iii) 𝑒 2𝑥 − 5𝑒 𝑥 + 6 = 0.
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥

(b) Giving your answer to 3 significant figures, solve 𝑒 2𝑥+1 − 3𝑒 𝑥+1 − 9𝑒 = 0. (c) Solve 𝑒 𝑥 + 2 = 3𝑒 −𝑥 .
1 1 1
Ans: [1] (a) 2, (b) 3, (c) , (d) 0, (e) −1, (f) , (g) −2, (h) − , [2] (a) ln 45, (b) ln 5, (c) ln 4𝑒, (d) ln 4, (e) ln 24, (f) ln 1,
2 3 2
6 2 ), 20 1
(g) ln 30, (h) ln ( ), (i) ln 20, (j) ln(4𝑒 (k) ln ( 2 ), (l) ln 1, [3] (a) ln 10, (b) ln 1000, (c) ln 0.15, (d) 2 ln 5, (e) ln 18,
𝑒 𝑒 2

(f) 0, [4] (a) (i) ln 4, (ii) ln 2, (iii) ln 2 or ln 3, (b) 1.58, (c) 0.

Exercise 5:
1. Find the value of 𝑘, given that:
(a) log 9 10 = 𝑘 log 3 10, (b) log 8 6 = 𝑘 log 2 6, (c) log 8 10 = 𝑘 log 2 10, (d) log 2 3 = 𝑘 log 4 3.
log2 𝑦 log2 𝑥 log2 𝑦
2. Given that log16 𝑦 = , log 8 𝑥 = and log 4 𝑦 = , find 𝑘, 𝑙 and 𝑚.
𝑘 𝑙 𝑚

3. If 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are positive numbers other than 1, show that log 𝑏 𝑎 · log 𝑐 𝑏 · log 𝑎 𝑐 = 1.
4. Evaluate log 7 5 · log 5 9 · log 9 7.
5. Solve 2 log 𝑚 8 + 3 log 8 𝑚 = 7. 6. Solve log 𝑚 4 + 8 log 4 𝑚 = 6. 7. Solve 9 log 𝑟 3 = log 3 𝑟.
8. Solve 4 log 4 𝑥 = log 𝑥 4. 9. Solve log 4 𝑝 + 6 log 𝑝 4 = 5. 10. Solve log 3 𝑧 = 4 log 𝑧 3.
11. Solve, to 3 significant figures, log 𝑞 5 + 6 log 5 𝑞 = 5.
1 1 1 1 1
Ans: [1] (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) 2, [2] 𝑘 = 4, 𝑙 = 3, 𝑚 = 2, [4] 1, [5] 2, 64, [6] 2, √2, [7] 27, , [8] 2, , [9] 16, 64,
2 3 3 27 2
1
[10] 9, , [11] 1.71, 2.24.
9

Exercise 6:
1. (i) Solve the simultaneous equation 3 log 2 𝑥 + 4 log 3 𝑦 = 10, log 2 𝑥 − log 3 𝑦 = 1.
(ii) Solve the equation 5 log 𝑥 16 − 2 log 9 𝑦 = 19, 3 log 𝑥 16 + 4 log 9 𝑦 = 14.
3
(iii) Solve the simultaneous equation log 2 𝑚5 + 4 log 3 𝑛 = 9, + 2 log 3 𝑛 = 7.
log𝑚 2

2. (a) Express log 𝑎 (𝑝2 𝑞) in terms of log 𝑎 𝑝 and log 𝑎 𝑞

(b) Given that log 𝑎 (𝑝𝑞) = 5 and log 𝑎 (𝑝2 𝑞) = 9, find the value of log 𝑎 𝑝 and log 𝑎 𝑞.
3. Given that log 𝑎 𝑝𝑞 = 9 and log 𝑎 𝑝2 𝑞 = 15, find the value of: (i) log 𝑎 𝑝 and log 𝑎 𝑞, (ii) log 𝑝 𝑎 + log 𝑞 𝑎.
1
Ans: [1] (i) 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 3,(ii) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3, (iii) 𝑚 = 32, 𝑛 = , [2] (a) 2 log 𝑎 𝑝 + log 𝑎 𝑞, (b) log 𝑎 𝑝 = 4, log 𝑎 𝑞 = 1,
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[3] (i) log 𝑞 𝑝 = 6, log 𝑎 𝑞 = 3, (ii) 0.5.

FAISAL MIZAN 2