Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9701/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions February/March 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark : 60

[Turn over
9701/22 Chemistry - Mark Scheme March 2022
AS Structured Questions STM

Cambridge Assessment International Education – Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of
the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:
● the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
● the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
● the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:
● marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of
the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
● marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
● marks are not deducted for errors
● marks are not deducted for omissions
● answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors
in mind.

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Science-Specific Marking Principles

1. Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks should not be
awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2. The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any correct
statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3. Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with which
they may be confused (e.g. ethane/ethene, glucagon/glycogen, refraction/reflection).

4. The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically correct way, the
candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any exceptions to
this general principle will be noted.

5. ‘List rule’ guidance (see examples below)

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons…):
● The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided
● Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n
● Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n
● Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be awarded for any responses
that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should be treated as a single incorrect response. 
● Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science
6. Calculation specific guidance
Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show your working’.
For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by the examiner to
the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.
For answers given in standard form, (e.g. a x 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and 10 is not
followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.
Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded. Exceptions to this
general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.
7. Guidance for chemical equations

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Multiples/fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.
State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Examples of how to apply the list rule

State three reasons…. [3]

A 1. Correct ✔ F 1. Correct ✔
2. Correct ✔ 2 (4 responses) 2. Correct ✔
2
3. Wrong 🗶 3. Correct 🗶
CON (of 3.) (discount 3)

B 1. Correct, Correct ✔, ✔
(4 responses) 2. Correct ✔ 3 G 1. Correct ✔
3. Wrong ignore (5 responses) 2. Correct ✔
3. Correct ✔ 3
Correct ignore
C 1. Correct ✔ CON (of 4.) ignore
(4 responses) 2. Correct, Wrong ✔, 🗶 2
3. Correct ignore
H 1. Correct ✔
(4 responses) 2. Correct 🗶
2
D 1. Correct ✔ 3. CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
(4 responses) 2. Correct, CON (of 2.) 🗶, (discount 2) 2 Correct ✔
3. Correct ✔
I 1. Correct ✔
E 1. Correct (4 responses) 2. Correct 🗶
✔ 2
(4 responses) 2. Correct ✔ 3 3. Correct ✔
CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
3. Correct, Wrong ✔

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 a O(g) → O+(g) + e– 1 1 ALLOW O(g) – e– → O+(g)

1 b i increase across period 1 If no mention of electrons anywhere in answer

AND increased nuclear attraction for (valence/outer) electrons then M1 ^

increase in (positive) nuclear charge / number of protons (in the nucleus) 1 IGNORE size of nucleus
IGNORE atomic number
“effective nuclear charge” only gets M2 in
3 absence of M3 wording

similar shielding (of outer electrons) 1 ALLOW same/slight increase in

shielding/screening
ALLOW same number of shells OR electrons
in same shell
IGNORE change to radius

1 b ii spin-pair repulsion (of electrons) in (2)p orbital 1 ALLOW electron(–electron) repulsion in a full p
orbital OR repulsion of 2 electrons in (2)p
2 orbital

outweighs increased nuclear charge 1

1 c 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 1

greatest jump between 3rd and 4th ionisations 1 IGNORE big jump between 1st and 2nd
3
ALLOW big jump between 3rd and 4th

indicates three electrons in outer shell 1 IGNORE mention of A l

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

ALLOW max 1 for 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 ECF on
1st/2nd jump in M2 and justification in M3

9 9

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 a i species that donates electrons owtte 1 ALLOW loses, gives up electrons

ALLOW species that decreases the O.N. of
1 another / whose O.N. increases
IGNORE causes a loss of O/gain of H in other
species owtte

2 a ii Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH 1 1

2 b i reacts with both acids & bases / shows both acidic & basic behaviour 1 ALLOW alkali/ne for base/ic
1
IGNORE references to proton transfer

2 b ii Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O → 2NaAl(OH)4 1 ALLOW Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O

ALLOW Al NaO2
1
ALLOW Al2O3 + 2OH– + 3H2O → 2Al(OH)4–
Other equations possible — talk to TL

2 b iii two lines shown on diagram, e.g. EA & EA,cat 1 ALLOW words only

greater proportion of molecules with E ≥ EA 1 ALLOW more = greater proportion

3
M2 and M3 independent of M1

frequency of effective collisions increases owtte 1 successful = effective

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2 c i (structure =) simple/molecular, because it has a low melting/boiling point 1 IGNORE …because it is liquid at room
temperature
IGNORE reference to IMFs
IGNORE reference to shapes
2
(bonding =) covalent, because it is hydrolysed 1 Needs indication of vigorous reaction with
water as ≈ breakdown / hydrolysis
IGNORE “reacts with water”
Max 1 🗶✔ for simple/molecular covalent w/o
explanation

2 c ii (+)3 / III 1 1 ALLOW 3+

2 c iii –1640 (kJ mol–1) 1 1 –3012 – (–1372)

2 c iv P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4 1 IGNORE state symbols

1
ALLOW P4O10 + 2H2O → 4HPO3

2 d i NO + ½O2 → NO2 1 1 IGNORE SO3 + NO → SO2 + NO2

2 d ii peroxyac(et)ylnitrate / PAN 1 IGNORE VOC

1
IGNORE ref. to environmental effects

2 d iii position of equilibrium moves/farther to right (at 20 km) 1 IGNORE ref. to composition of mixture

(forward) reaction is exothermic AND temperature colder at 20 km (cf. 50 km) 1 2 Assume 20 km but ALLOW reverse argument

ALLOW ΔH < 0 / negative

16 16

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3 a reaction less vigorous (down the group) 1 ALLOW less reactive

Any two for •✔ 1 IGNORE ref. to H—Hal or hydrogen halides

• electronegativity decreases 2 Also acceptable
–
• less attractive to e addition • smaller BDE of Hal—Hal
• weaker oxidising agent owtte • larger atoms
• greater nuclear charge outweighing increased shielding (ENC argument)

3 b i SiCl4 + 2H2O → SiO2 + 4HCl 1 ALLOW SiO2.nH2O if (2+n)H2O on left of

equation
ALLOW … → … + 4H+ + 4Cl −
1
ALLOW SiCl4 + 4H2O 🡪 Si(OH)4 +4HCl
ALLOW SiCl4 + 4H2O 🡪 H4SiO4 +4HCl
ALLOW SiCl4 + 3H2O 🡪 H2SiO3 +4HCl

3 b ii row 1 • acid–base 1 •✔✔

row 2 • acid–base • redox ALLOW oxidation / reduction
IGNORE species oxidised
IGNORE (double) decomposition/displacement/
3
substitution

explanation 1
H2SO4 is strong enough to oxidise / is an oxidising agent with ORA
NaBr/HBr/bromide owtte

3 c H—Cl bond is stronger than H—I / BDE decreases down the group 1 Satisfy yourself they’re talking the right bond
1 (i.e. not IMFs)
IGNORE bond length
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Question Answer Marks Guidance

ALLOW “more energy to break…”

ALLOW decomp. of HCl has higher EA
IGNORE Bunsen burner is not hot enough

3 d i proton/H+ donor 1 idea of transfer

2 IGNORE “release” of H+/protons

fully dissociates (in aqueous solution/water/solvent) 1 dissociates = ionises

3 d ii M1 correct sigmoid shape with vertical section at 25 cm3 for both 1

M2 both curves show initial pH ≤ 2 1

M3 (with NaOH) heading to pH ≥ 12 (with NH3) heading to pH 8–12 1

3 e i

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

curly arrow from C=C to H of HBr

correct dipole (δ+H—Brδ–) AND curly arrow from H—Br to Br 1

curly arrow from lone pair on :Br– to carbocation 1

correct intermediate AND product (2-bromopropane) 1

3 e ii 2° carbocation more stable (than 1°) ORA 1 ALLOW more general answer about differing
stability of intermediates etc.
2
greater positive inductive effect of two methyl groups (cf. one ethyl) ORA 1 “more alkyl/methyl groups” OK

3 e iii (water solvent) CH3CH2CH2OH AND NaBr/sodium bromide 1 IGNORE molecular formulae but max 1 for both
/propan-1-ol C3H7OH/C3H8O in row 1 and C3H6 in row 2
ALLOW Br–
2
(ethanol solvent) CH3CHCH2 AND H2O/water 1 ALLOW Br–
/propene AND NaBr/sodium bromide
ALLOW max 1 for rows 1 & 2 entirely swapped

20 20

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4 a i red/orange/yellow precipitate/ppt/solid 1 NOT brown

silver mirror/ silver/grey solid/precipitate/ppt 1 IGNORE black ppt

3
effervescence/bubbling/fizzing 1 IGNORE H2/gas given off
IGNORE further tests on gas

4 a ii 2 mirror image or same wedge arrangement with

only two groups swapped
ALLOW max 1 side-groups with consistent
2
transcription error/“near miss”
IGNORE connectivity
ALLOW C2H3O for CH3CO

4 b i L = CH3OH / methanol 1
2
+
conditions = acid(ic)/H /H2SO4 AND (heat under) reflux 1 ALLOW H3PO4

4 b ii 1 IGNORE n, brackets etc..

skeletal OK so long as the dangling bonds are
sufficiently differentiated
2 IGNORE connectivity
carbon backbone with ‘dangling’ bonds

rest of structure correct 1

4 b iii Perspex® would not have absorption 1500–1680 cm–1 1 ORA

AND Perspex® does not have C=C 1 IGNORE anything about fingerprint region

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

ALLOW any absorption within range

4 b iv KCN/HCN OR NaCN/H2SO4 addition 2 ALLOW reduction

H+/H2SO4(aq) hydrolysis / substitution 2 any mineral acid ALLOW addition—elimination

5 NOT conc. IGNORE nucleophilic,
electrophilic etc.

elimination / dehydration 1 IGNORE reduction/redox

15 15

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