1. A ___________ is any defect or abnormality found in the body.

2. Children, in the age group of ___________ years, often, suffer from protein-
carbohydrate deficiency disease.

3. Minerals are present in ___________ amounts in our body.

4. The disease, that causes enlargement of glands in the neck, is known as ___________

5. The diseases, that get spread through insects, air, water and soil, are known as
___________ diseases.

Answer: (1) diseases (2) 6 months to 3 (3) small (4) goitre (5) communicable.

B. Match the following:

Answer: (1) d (2) e (3) a (4) b (5) c.

C. Tick the correct option.

1. Haemoglobin content becomes less when a person is suffering from-

Answer: anaemia

2. A person having swollen and bleeding gums, might be suffering from-

Answer: scurvy

3. Germs of common cold spread through-

Answer: air

4. Deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates, in the diet of a small child, can lead
to-
 Answer: improper growth of body

5. Legs become bow shaped due to deficiency of-

Answer: vitamin D

D. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. State the two main categories of diseases.

Answer: Two main categories of diseases are:

o Communicable diseases
o Non communicable diseases
2. Write two symptoms of the disease ‘Beri-Beri’.

Answer: Two symptoms of beriberi are:

1. Extreme weakness
2. Paralysis of body parts
3. Name any two diseases that are spread through the bite of mosquitoes.

Answer: Malaria and dengue

4. A girl finds it difficult to see in dimlight and has dry and scaly skin. Name the
disease she might be suffering from.

Answer: See might be suffering from night blindness.

5. Why should we not allow water to stagnate around our homes?

Answer: We should not allow water to stagnate around our homes because stagnant
water is the breeding place of mosquitoes.

E. Answers the following questions.

1. How does calcium-phosphorus deficiency affect our body?

Answer: Calcium phosphorus deficiency causes weak, soft and fragile bones. Due to
it the teeth become weak and lose their shine and whiteness.

2. Suggest some measures that can help us to prevent the occurence of

deficiency diseases.
 Answer: The deficiency diseases can be prevented by adopting the following
measures:

o one should take a balanced diet containing all types of nutrients.

o one must follow good food practices and habits.
o children must be given adequate amount of milk, milk products and additional food
items like juices, soft boiled rice etc.
3. How can we prevent the spread of germs from a sick person to a healthy
person?

Answer: We can prevent the spread of germs from sick person to healthy person by
adopting the following precautions:

o All the articles and clothes of infected person should be disinfected.

o The surrounding must be kept clean and hygienic.
o One must cover the nose or mouth while sneezing or coughing.
o Vaccination must be done to prevent diseases like chicken pox, polio etc.
4. Isha was suffering from chickenpox. Her teacher advised her not to come to
school till she has recovered completely. Why?

Answer: The teacher has advised so because chicken pox is a communicable disease.

5. Why are deficiency diseases called non-communicable diseases?

Answer: Deficiency diseases are caused due to deficiency of some particular nutrient.

So, it does not get transmitted from one person to another.