Group No: A-B

Activity No. 10 Date of Performance: April 17, 2022

Submission Deadline:
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Date: April 23, 2022
Time: ___________

Instructor: Ms. Nicola Marie Ramos

Leader: Gurtiza, Jennica Venice A. THIS PORTION WILL BE FILLED BY THE

Members: RECEIVING END:
Dumo, Daphne Patricia B. Date of Submission: _________________
Egar, Mikaella
Estrada, Erika Dianne F. Time of Submission: _________________
Fontanilla, Carylle Joyce V.
Gagtan, Jastine Chloe Received by:
___________________________________

INTRODUCTION:
The circulatory system consists of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. The blood vascular system is
composed of the following structures: The heart, whose function is to pump blood. The arteries, a series of
efferent vessels that become smaller as they branch, and whose function is to carry the blood, with nutrients and
oxygen, to the tissues. They resist changes in blood pressure in their initial portions and regulate blood flow in
their terminal portion. The capillaries, a diffuse network of thin tubules that anastomose profusely and through
whose walls the interchange of between blood and tissues takes place. The veins represent the convergence of
the capillaries into a system of larger channels that convey products of metabolism toward the heart.

Structure and Functions of Blood Vessels

Structure
The walls (outer structure) of arteries contain
Arteries smooth muscle fibre that contract and relax
under the instructions of the sympathetic
nervous system.
Functions
Transport blood away from the heart;
Transport oxygenated blood only (except
in the case of the pulmonary artery).

Arterioles are tiny branches of arteries that

Arterioles lead to capillaries. These are also under the Transport blood from arteries to
control of the sympathetic nervous system, capillaries;
and constrict and dialate, to regulate blood Arterioles are the main regulators of
flow. blood flow and pressure.

Capillaries are tiny (extremely narrow) blood

Capillarie vessels, of approximately 5-20 micro-metres
s (one micro-metre = 0.000001metre) diameter.
There are networks of capillaries in most of
the organs and tissues of the body. These
capillaries are supplied with blood by
arterioles and drained by venules. Capillary
walls are only one cell thick (see diagram),
which permits exchanges of material between
the contents of the capillary and the
surrounding tissue.
Function is to supply tissues with
components of, and carried by, the blood,
and also to remove waste from the
surrounding cells ... as opposed to simply
moving the blood around the body (in the
case of other blood vessels);
Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
water, salts, etc., between the blood and
the surrounding body tissues.

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 Venules are minute vessels that drain blood
Venules from capillaries and into veins. Many venules Drains blood from capillaries into veins,
unite to form a vein. for return to the heart

The walls (outer structure) of veins consist of

Veins three layers of tissues that are thinner and less
elastic than the corresponding layers of
aerteries.
Veins include valves that aid the return of
blood to the heart by preventing blood from
flowing in the reverse direction.
Transport blood towards the heart;
Transport deoxygenated blood only
(except in the case of the pulmonary
vein).

Blood vessels are usually composed of different layers:

1. Tunica Intima, consists of layer endothelial cells lining the vessels interior surface. Beneath the
endothelium is the subendothelial layer, consisting of loose connective tissue that may contain
occasional smooth muscle cells. In arteries, the intima is separated from the media by an internal
elastic lamina. This lamina, composed of elastin, has gaps (fenestrae) that allow substances to
diffuse to and nourish cells deep in the vessel wall.
2. Tunica Media, consists chiefly of concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle cells.
Interposed among the smooth muscle cells are variable amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae,
reticular fibers, and proteoglycans. Smooth muscle cells are the cellular source of this
extracellular matrix. In larger arteries, a thinner external elastic lamina often separates the media
from the outer tunica advetitia. In capillaries and postcapillary venules, the media is replaced by
cells called pericytes. Media is rich in reticular fibers mainly Type III collagens.
3. Tunica Adventitia, consists principally of longitudinally oriented collagen and elastic fibers.
The collagen present is Type I. The advential layer gradually becomes continuous with the
enveloping connective tissue of the organ through which the vessels run.
4. Vasa Vasorum “ vessels of the vessel” branch profusely in the adventitia and the outer part of
media. It provide metabolites to the adventitia and the media in larger vessels, since the layers
are too thick to be nourished solely by diffusion from the lumen. The vessels are more frequent
in the veins than in arteries.

OBJECTIVES:
After accomplishing this activity, the students will be able to:
1. To name the characteristics in general, of the organs of vascular system.
2. To describe the layers that makes up the blood vessels wall histologically.
3. To differentiate the arterial wall from the venous wall histologically.

MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
Reference Book: Refer to page 2
Visual Aids (projector, pictures,videos)
Virtual image of the circulatory system
PROCEDURE:
1. View the attached image in the google classroom for a general view of the tissue.
2. High Power magnification is also attached in the google classroom to get a detailed
observation.
3. Draw and label the specimens both under LPO and HPO.

Activity No. 10
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
WRITE-UP SHEET

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References:
Chapter 10, Page 7 - HistologyOLM 4.0. (n.d.). Http://Stevegallik.Org/.
http://stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/htmlpages/HOLM_Chapter10_Page07.html
The Aorta (n.d.) Retrieved from https://histologylab.ctl.columbia.edu/lab09/the-aorta/
Heinbockel, T. (2019). Histology. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/63244
Arpi, L. (2018). Histology of Umbilical Cord in Mammals. Retrieved from
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/63244

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