Cam Record

Anna University
College of Engineering
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
NAME
CLASS
ROLL NO
Certified that this is the Bonafide work done by the above student in
the……………………………………………………………………
…………… Laboratory during the year 2021-2022
Signature of Lab-in-Charge Signature of Head of the Department
Submitted for the Practical Examination held on ..........................
Internal Examiner
Expt. Name of the Experiment Page
No Number
1 Simple Turning 03
2 Step Turning 06
3 Profile Turning 08
4 Taper Turning 11
5 Thread Cutting 14
6 Linear And Circular Interpolation 17
7 Circular Interpolation-CW 20
8 Linear Interpolation 23
9 Simple Contour Milling 26
10 Pocketing 29
11 Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 32
12 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 36

To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

✓ CNC trainer software
❖ To write the program for given job.

❖ To type G and M codes.
❖ To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
❖ Finally, to run the machine to the operation.
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G01 X25 F50
G01 Z-30 F50
G01 X26 F50
G01 Z1 F50
G01 X24 F50
G01 Z-30 F50
G01 X26 F50
G01 Z1 F50
G01 X23 F50
G01 Z-30 F50
G01 X26 F50
G01 Z1 F50
G01 X22 F50
G01 Z-30 F50
G01 X26 F50
G01 Z1 F50
G01 X18 Z0 F50
G03 X22 Z-2 R2 F40
G28 U0 W0
M05
M-CODES
M06 - Tool change
M03 - Spindle forward clockwise
M05 - Spindle stop
M30 - Program end
G-CODES
G21 - Metric
G98 - Feed/min
G28 U0 W0 - Reference point return
G00 X Y - Positioning (Rapid Transverse)
G01 X Y F - Linear Interpolation (Feed)
G03 - Circular Interpolation (CCW)
G90 - Cutting Cycle turning
Thus, the part program was written and simulated for given job.
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given
lathe job.


G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G90 X25 Z-40 F50
X24
X23
X22
G90 X21 Z-28 F50
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
G90 X15 Z-10 F50
X14
X13
X12
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
lathe job.


G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1200
G00 X26 Z1
G71 U0.5 R1.0
G71 P01 Q02 U0.2 W0.2 F50
N01 G01 X8
G01 Z0
G01 X10 Z-2
G01 X10 Z-12
G02 X15 Z-14.5 R2.5
G01 X15 Z-24.5
G03 X20 Z-27 R2.5
G01 X20 Z-32 N02
G01 X25.4 Z-32
G70 P01 Q02 F40
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
CODES
G71 - Multiple turning cycle (stock remover)
G70 – Finishing cycle
G71 U R
G71 P Q U W FG70 P Q
G71 - Multiple turning cycle

U - Depth of cut
R - Retract allowance
G71 - Multiple turning cycle
P - Starting Block (N01)
Q - Ending Block (N02)
U - Finishing allowance in x-axis
W - Finishing allowance in z-axis
F - Feed rate
G70 - Finishing cycle

P - Starting Block
Q - Ending Block
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.


G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G90 X25 Z-35 F50
G90 X24 Z-5 F50
X23
X22
X21
X20
G00 X26 Z-5
G90 X25 Z-15 R0 F50
X25 Z-15 R-0.5 F50
X25 Z-15 R-1.0 F50
X25 Z-15 R-1.5 F50
X25 Z-15 R-2.0 F50
X25 Z-15 R-2.5 F50 G00
X26 Z-20
G90 X25 Z-30 R0 F50
X24 Z-30 R0.5 F50
X23 Z-30 R1.0 F50
X22 Z-30 R1.5 F50
X21 Z-30 R2.0 F50
X20 Z-30 R2.5 F50
G00 X26 Z-30
G90 X24 Z-35 F50
X23
X22
X21
X20
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
REVERSE TAPER R+ = (25-20)/2 = +2.5

FORWARD TAPER R- = (20-25)/2 = -2.5
TAPPER TURNING
G90 X Z R F
R - Taper value
F - Feed rate
lathe job.


G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G90 X25 Z-40 F50
X24
X23
X22
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0202
M03 S300
G00 X26 Z1
G92 X22 Z-20 F2
X21.95
X21.45
X20.95
X20.45
X19.95
X19.54
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
G92 - Thread cutting cycle

Syntax G92 X Z F
Feed = Pitch = 2mm
Calculation of mirror diameter (d)d = D-2h
= D - 2 * (0.615*P)
= 22-2 * (0.615*2)
= 19.54 mm
milling job.

✓ CNC milling software

[Billet X100 Y100 Z20

G21 G94
G91
G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
G90
G00 X30 Y20
G00 Z5
G01 Z-0.5 F30
G01 X70 Y20 F50
G03 X80 Y30 R10 F50
G01 X80 Y70 F50
G01 X70 Y80 F50
G01 X30 Y80 F50
G02 X20 Y70 R10
G01 X20 Y30 F50
G01 Z5 F50 G91
G28 Z0 G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
milling job.


[BILLET X100 Y100 Z20

G21 G40 G80
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M06 T01
M03 S1000
G90 G00 X20 Y10 Z2
G01 Z-5 F5
G01 X80 F25
G02 X90 Y20 R10
G01 Y80
G02 X80 Y90 R10
G01 X20
G02 X10 Y80 R10
G01 Y20
G02 X20 Y10
G01 Z5 F5
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
milling job.



G21 G94
G91
G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M06 T1
MO3 S1500
G90
G00 X20 Y20
G00 Z5
G01 Z-0.5 F30
G01 X80 Y20 F50
G01 X80 Y80 F50
G01 X20 Y80 F50
G01 X20 Y20 F50
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
milling job.



G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 F50
M03 S1500
M06 T0101
G90 G00 X25 Y25 Z0
G01 Z-5
G01 X35 Y25
G03 X65 Y25 R30
G01 X75 Y25
G01 X75 Y30
G03 X75 Y70 R40
G01 X75 Y75
G01 X65 Y25
G03 X35 Y75 R30
G01 X25 Y75
G01 X25 Y70
G03 X25 Y30 R40
G01 X25 Y25
G00 Z5
G90 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M05
M30
milling job.



G21 G40 G80
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M06 T0101
M03 S1000
G90 G00 X10 Y10 Z2
G01 Z-5 F10
G01 X90 F20
G01 Y90
G01 X10
G01 Y10
G01 Z2 F10
G91 G28 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
➢ Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark
eroding, die sinking, wire burning or wire erosion, is a metal fabrication process
whereby a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges.
➢ Electrical discharge machining is a machining method primarily used for hard metals
or those that would be very difficult to machine with traditional techniques. EDM
typically works with materials that are electrically conductive, although methods have
also been proposed for using EDM to machine insulating ceramics.
➢ EDM can cut intricate contours or cavities in pre-hardened steel without the need for
heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. This method can be used with any other
metal or metal alloy such as titanium, Hastelloy, Kovar, and Inconel.
Electrical discharge machining process works on the basic principle of spark

generation and metal removed by spark erosion. EDM spark erosion is same as
electric spark which burn a small hole in a piece of metal through witch it contacts.
The spark generated by this process produces heat, which remove metal by erosion
and evaporation. In this machining process both the work piece and tool must be
made by conductive material.
The EDM machining setup consists of the following components.
✓ This is the bottom-most component of the EDM machine setup. It stores dielectric
media such as deionized water. A pumping system is installed to circulate the
dielectric medium from the reservoir to the electrode.
✓ The control unit is integrated with the CNC program and operating unit, which
controls the flow of dielectric as per the material cutting requirements.
✓ Further, the EDM electrode or wire is mounted on a tool post as the wire itself
acts as a tool in EDM machining. Other than these components, the servo systems
may also be added to the control mechanism. It helps in maintaining a necessary
gap between the EDM wire and the workpiece.
In this process, work piece should be well electric conductive. Only electric
conductive material can be machined by this method. The working of EDM is as follow.
➢ First both work piece and tool are submerged into dielectric fluid. The dielectric
fluid help to control the arc discharge. This also removes suspended particles of
work piece material and tool from the work cavity.
➢ A servomechanism is used which maintains a very small gap between the work
piece and the tool. This gap is desirable for proper arc formation. It is about the
thickness of human hair.
➢ The tool is made as the opposite shape of work piece.
➢ A high frequency current supplied to electrode, which produces a spark between
the tool and work piece. This spark generates high in work cavity.
➢ The metal removed from the work piece due to erosion and evaporate ion.
➢ The chips or suspended particle between tool and workpiece should be removed to
prevent them to form bridge that causes short circuit. This is done by continuous
supply of dielectric fluid.
➢ The EDM produce a cavity slightly larger than the electrode because of overcut.
These machines are also known as wire burning, spark EDM, and wire erosion. They
use a thin heated wire as an electrode. Hard diamond is used as a guide to hold the wire
steady. The wire electrode is moved through the workpiece to craft a particular shape, but
only the electrical discharges of the wire do touch the workpiece; the wire itself does not
touch the workpiece. In wire EDM, the wire is always available for cutting a smooth,
uninterrupted form because the wire constantly unspools from an automated feeder.
Sometimes, a cut through the middle rather than along the outside is required by a shape. In
cases like these, wire EDM is coupled by hole-drilling EDM by machinists. As the name of
this technique indicates, hole-drilling EDM involves drilling a small hole through the centre
of the work material. The wire can then be threaded through the hole to continue its shaping
accurately. In cases like these, the electrodes’ shapes are tubes, and a dielectric fluid flows
through the electrodes to the hole.
This type of EDM machine is used to create cavities in a workpiece, which is useful
in the manufacture of tools and dies, metal stamping dies, and various plastic moulds, for
example.
To bore the cavity, an electrode made from conductive graphite is shaped to form the
required cavity and is plunged or ‘rammed’ into the object. This creates complex, 3-D
cavities, but is expensive to produce and perform as the electrode has to be carefully
machined, electrode wear is hard to control, and there may be problems flushing out debris
from the cut.
The simplest way to drill a hole with EDM is to traditionally drill a tiny pilot hole into
the workpiece before use. An EDM wire is then threaded through and used to widen the hole
to the required diameter. If a pilot hole isn’t possible, a different type of EDM machine that
‘drills’ holes, sometimes known as a ‘hole popper’ can be used. This has a rotating electrode
which cuts into the material while flushing it continuously with dielectric. The ‘hole popper’
machine is commonly used to make a small pilot hole allowing a wire EDM to be threaded
which is used to expand the hole. The advantage of this method is that very precise holes can
be made in tough materials. For instance, jet engine turbines have been drilled using this
process.
✓ It can be used for any hard material and even in the heat-treated condition.
✓ Any complicated shapes made on the tool can be reproduced.
✓ High accuracy of about 0.005 mm can be achieved.
✓ Good surface finish can be achieved economically up to 0.2 microns.
✓ Machining time is less than the conventional machining process.
✓ No mechanical stresses are developed in this process (There is no contact between
tool and work)
✓ Higher tool life due to proper lubrication and cooling.
✓ Hard and erosion resistant surface on the dies can be developed easily.
✓ Excessive tool wear.

✓ High power consumption.
✓ The sharp corner cannot be reproduced.
✓ High heat developing causing the change in metallurgical properties of materials.
✓ The workpiece must be an electrical conductor.
✓ Surface cracking may take place in some materials.
✓ Redressing of a tool is required for deep holes.
✓ Over-cut is formed.
✓ Difficult finding expert machinists.
Achieving the right dimension, depth, and shape of a mold is usually dependent on
EDM. It is the major injection molding process used by mold manufacturers. Wire EDM is
the main type used in this case. Since injection moulding requires various delicate and
complex workpieces, this is usually the best method to use. Moreover, it often produces high
precision and fine EDM surface finish.
Electrical discharge machining is a quick and unique way to create accurate deep
small holes drilling in materials, regardless of their hardness. The hole drilling process
involves using a brass electrode tube to channel the electrical discharges onto the material.
This helps to create holes of various small dimensions. The exciting thing is that it can make
holes on inclined faces and other challenging positions.
EDM is also very suitable for die-making applications. Manufacturing highly tailored
dies require extreme accuracy. These dies feature sharp internal corners, deep ribs, and other
intricate features. Also, dies are often made from very hard steel alloys. These alloys are
usually harder to machine with traditional methods. The hard steel alloys may require
finishing prior to heat treatment, which may reduce the accuracy of details. Therefore,
employing the EDM process is more appropriate.
➢ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a type of additive manufacturing technology
that enables the construction of three-dimensional objects, prototypes and products
through a computer-aided or driven manufacturing process.
➢ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology works with specialized 3D printers

and production-grade thermoplastics to build strong, durable and dimensionally stable
parts with the best accuracy and repeatability of any 3D printing technology.
➢ FDM reduces the time it takes to create manufacturing tools by up to 85%. It produces
manufacturing tools such as jigs and fixtures, tooling masters and production tooling
in hours—without expensive machining or tooling.
FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic
filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an extrusion nozzle
which can turn the flow on and off.
✓ The Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process constructs three-dimensional

objects directly from 3D CAD data. A temperature-controlled head extrudes
thermoplastic material layer by layer.
✓ The FDM process starts with importing an STL file of a model into a pre-
processing software. This model is oriented and mathematically sliced into
horizontal layers varying from +/- 0.127 - 0.254 mm thickness. A support
structure is created where needed, based on the part's position and geometry. After
reviewing the path data and generating the toolpaths, the data is downloaded to the
FDM machine.
✓ The system operates in X, Y and Z axes, drawing the model one layer at a time.
This process is similar to how a hot glue gun extrudes melted beads of glue. The
temperature-controlled extrusion head is fed with thermoplastic modelling
material that is heated to a semi-liquid state. The head extrudes and directs the
material with precision in ultrathin layers onto a fixtureless base. The result of the
solidified material laminating to the preceding layer is a plastic 3D model built up
one strand at a time.
✓ Once the part is completed the support columns are removed and the surface is
finished.
✓ In the FDM process, a gantry-robot which is fitted with the extruder head moves
in X & Y directions. The table moves in vertical Z-axis. When a layer gets
deposited on the table, it goes down according to the layer thickness and the
subsequent layers are built in the same way.
✓ In order to build complex shaped parts, FDM uses support material apart from the
build material which supports the overhanging structures during the process and
helps in maintaining structural integrity of part until it is strengthened before the
support material is removed by breaking or by dissolving using appropriate
solvents.
Most of the existing FDM machines use thermoplastic materials which are in a
filament form for the extrusion and deposition purpose. Acrylonitrile Butadiene styrene
(ABS) and Polylactide (PLA) thermoplastics are predominantly used in the process.
It is found from the literature review that the quality of the FDM prototype produced
is influenced by different parameters.
➢ Orientation: Part build orientation or orientation refers to the inclination of the

part in the build platform with respect to X, Y, and Z axis, where X and Y-axis are
considered parallel to build platform and Z- axis is along the direction of part
build.
➢ Layer thickness: It is the thickness of layer deposited by nozzle and depends upon
the type of nozzle used.
➢ Raster angle: It is a direction of raster relative to the X-axis of the build table
➢ Part raster width (raster width): It is the width of raster pattern used to fill interior
regions of part curves
➢ Raster to raster gap (air gap): It is the gap between two adjacent raster’s on same
layer.
➢ Necking: Necking is a shape formed due to molecular bonding between two
raster’s.
➢ Speed of deposition: It is the rate at which the nozzle deposits the raster.
➢ Complex parts can be produced with good accuracy and with low cost when
compared to conventional manufacturing process.
➢ No need for special tooling’s.
➢ As simple as printing of copy from normal inkjet printer.
➢ FDM is a costlier process.
➢ The size of the output product is limited to a very small size.
➢ Raw material limitations. (No metal-based filaments can be used due to
requirement of high temperatures).
➢ FDM is a developing process.
FDM is a production method used for fabrication, production applications, and

mechanical system modeling. The technique produces a tissue scaffold by the melt extrusion
method that is making use of a layer-by-layer thermoplastic polymer.
Material versatility is one of the huge benefits to using FDM. In addition to ABS,
newer printers in the Design Series also have the ability to run ASA and PC-ABS, while
Production Series printers can print in Nylon, ABS-ESD, PC, ULTEM and other
combinations of engineering-grade materials.
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Anna University

Signature of Lab-in-Charge Signature of Head of the Department

Submitted for the Practical Examination held on ..........................

6 Linear And Circular Interpolation 17

9 Simple Contour Milling 26

11 Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 32

12 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 36

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

❖ To write the program for given job.

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

❖ To write the program for given job.

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

❖ To write the program for given job.

G71 - Multiple turning cycle

G70 - Finishing cycle

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

❖ To write the program for given job.

REVERSE TAPER R+ = (25-20)/2 = +2.5

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.42

❖ To write the program for given job.

G92 - Thread cutting cycle

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.96

❖ To write the program for given job.

[Billet X100 Y100 Z20

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.96

❖ To write the program for given job.

[BILLET X100 Y100 Z20

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.96

❖ To write the program for given job.

[Billet X100 Y100 Z20

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.96

❖ To write the program for given job.

[Billet X100 Y100 Z20

✓ CNC simulation software FANUC v1.96

❖ To write the program for given job.

[Billet X100 Y100 Z20

Electrical discharge machining process works on the basic principle of spark

✓ Excessive tool wear.

➢ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology works with specialized 3D printers

✓ The Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process constructs three-dimensional

➢ Orientation: Part build orientation or orientation refers to the inclination of the

FDM is a production method used for fabrication, production applications, and

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