H I R A R C
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF HAZARD IN
CONSTRUCTION SITES:
a) physical injury - normally associated
with process of works or equipment used
and climatic condition.
b) ill health - may be grouped under
chemical, physical and biological hazards.
- Can only be notified after long term of
period and shall cause sickness or death
after certain period of time.
SCAFFOLDS
The main hazards associated with
scaffolding are as the following:
Falling from the working platform.
Being struck by material falling or being
thrown from it.
Collapsing and throwing people from the
working platform; or collapsed structure
crushing people under it or nearby at
ground level.
Damage to adjacent property or to the
structure associated to the scaffold.
Safe access not being provided for the
worker.
ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL
LADDER
The main hazards associated with ladder
are the following:
Slipping of ladder sideways or
outward.
Falling from ladder due to insufficient
height of ladder to landing place.
Throwing of people from ladder or
collapse ladder crushing people under
it or nearby at ground level.
ROOF WORK
The main hazard associated with roof
work are the following:
People falling from the roof due to
insufficient barriers.
People below the roof being struck by
material falling or being thrown from
it.
POWER ACCESS EQUIPMENT AND
MANUAL HANDLING EXCAVATION
·
The main hazards associated with power Three types of excavation works
access equipment / manual handling normally carried out within the
appliances operations on construction sites construction site:
may be categorized as follow:
The overturning of crane or the structural
Trenches.
failure of one of its elements due to
overloading. Basement.
The dropping of suspended load or part of Wide excavations and shafts.
it.
Electrocution.
Trapping of people.
Incorrect erection and dismantling
procedures.
PLANT The main hazards associated with these
AND MACHINERIES excavation work shall be as follow:
Collapse of the trench wall or failure
The main hazard associated with plant and
of battering slope.
machinery at site are as follow:
Struck by moving traffic at site especially
Worker inside the trenches or
by reversing machinery
excavation are being struck by falling
Site machinery falling in the excavation
materials or rock.
area.
Overturning of machinery due to People falling into the excavation
travelling at a steep slope. area.
Falling material from construction
equipment.
 HIRARC
A risk management to:
Begin with hazard identification.
Followed by risk assessment.
End with risk controls.
Budget for implementation of controls.
Review: Effectiveness of controls.
Documentation.
Used in the workplace to manage safety and health.
Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:“ the provision and
maintenance of plants and systems of work that are, so
far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health”
PURPOSE OF HIRARC
- To identify all the factors that may cause harm
to employees and others.
- To consider what the chances are of that harm
befalling anyone in the circumstances of a particular
case and the possible severity that could come from it.
- To enable employers to plan, introduce, and
monitor preventive measures to ensure that
the risks are adequately controlled at all times.
HIRARC process: CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
Classify work activities in accordance with their similarity,
such as:
Classify work activities. Geographical or physical areas within/outside premises.
Stages in production/service process.
Not too big and small.
Defined task.
Consultation – Employer and HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
worker
representative. To highlight the critical operations of tasks, that is, those
tasks posing significant risks to the health and safety of
employees as well as highlighting those hazards
pertaining to certain equipment due to energy sources,
working conditions or activities performed.
Identify hazards. Three main groups:
Health hazard
Safety hazards
Environment hazards
The employer shall develop a hazard identification and
assessment methodology taking into account the
Risk assessment – Review.
following documents and information –
Ø any hazardous occurrence investigation reports;
Ø first aid records and minor injury records;
Ø work place health protection programs;
Prepare risk control Ø any results of work place inspections;
action plan. Ø any employee complaints and comments
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA
Breaks a job or task into specific steps, analyzes each step
Implement – Review. for specific hazards, develops safe work procedures to
eliminate or reduce those hazards, and integrates safe
work procedures into safety and health programs.
JHAs must be developed for each job or task.
Supervisors and workers must complete the JHA together.
 ·
BASIC STEPS - JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS IS BROKEN DOWN
INTO 6 MAJOR STEPS: CONTROL

Select the job task to be analyzed Identify the major sequence of Elimination or inactivation of a hazard
steps for each step (Specific job step Description) Identify the in a manner such that the hazard
potential hazards for each step (Hazard Identification) Determine does not pose a risk to workers who
preventative measures to protect against the hazards (Required have to enter into an area or work on
Precautions) Develop a worker-training program Re-evaluation. equipment in the course of
scheduled work
RISK ASSESSMENT Hazards should be controlled at their
source.
Often referred to as applying
be presented in variety of ways to communicate the results of analysis to
engineering controls.
make decision on risk control
risk analysis that uses likelihood and severity in qualitative method, If this does not work, hazards can
presenting result in a risk matrix is a very effective way of communicating often be controlled along the path to
the distribution of the risk throughout a plant and area in a workplace. the worker, between the source and
calculated using the following formula: the worker (can be referred to as
applying administrative control).
If this is not possible, hazards must
L x S = Relative Risk be controlled at the level of the
L= Likelihood worker through the use of personal
S = Severity protective equipment (PPE).

DOCUMENTATION EXAMPLE
Selecting a control often involves:
Proper management of hazards sporadically
Evaluating and selecting short and long term controls identified in the workplace can be done
Implementing short-term measures to protect workers until through effective process.
permanent controls can be put in place; Ultimately, the individual or team who
Implementing long term controls when reasonably practicable identified the hazard must ensure proper
communication of the hazard to the
appropriate workplace authority (manager,
RISK CONTROL MEASURES department head, or designated person).
Each HIRARC must be fully documented.
The HIRARC form must be completed by the
Elimination HIRARC team and signed by the in charge
Substitute personnel of the area.
Isolation Departments responsible for the hazards and
Engineering their control are required to maintain all
Administration records of assessments for at least 3 years.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)