1.

0 PRELIMINARY WORKS

A SERIES OF PREPARATION WORK THAT CARRIED OUT BEFORE

CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING DEMOLITION, SITE SETTING, SITE CLEARING
AND EXCAVATION.

1.1. Demolition, Site setting and site clearance

a) During demolition process, falling of debris or remains from the

demolished building can hit nearby construction workers and can
cause serious physical injuries

b) Unintentional collapse of the whole or part of the structure due to

insufficient temporary support, removal of structurally important
members, overloading of structural members or strong gust of wind
and other climatic effects that will injured or even kill the workers.
c) Dust from the demolished buildings is a physical hazard that can
harm their respiratory system of the workers in a long run as they
inhale impurities air during demolition process.
d) The location of above and underground essential underground
services demolished buildings including the supply of gas, water,
sewerage, telecommunications, electricity, chemicals, fuel and
refrigerant in pipes or lines whereby can cause sudden explosions
and can injured the workers.

1.2. Excavation

Physical hazard that can be found:

a) Sides or trench of the excavated area can collapse and cause harm to the workers
that is handling a bulldozer during excavation process.
b) Unexpected falls of materials to the workers that are working in the excavated
area.
c) Workers and vehicles in the construction site could fall into the excavated area.
d) Underground essentials services can be damaged during excavation process and
will lead to electrocution, explosion, gas leakage and even flood to happen that
can physically hurt the construction workers.
 2.0. FOUNDATION

THE PART OF BUILDING STRUCTURE WHICH IS UNDERGROUND AND

TRANSFERS ITS GRAVITY LOAD TO THE EARTH SUCH AS PILING,
REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION, PILE FILLING AND PILE CAP
CONSTRUCTION.

2.1. Pile boring and reinforcement

Physical hazards that can occur:

a) Physical contact with the machinery for piling such as piling rig, during lifting,
slewing and pitching of piling elements can lead to fracture of bones.

b) Standing too close from the piling machinery for a long period of time during the
piling process can cause hearing impairment to the construction workers.
c) Machinery instability caused by gradients, variable ground conditions, and/or
inadequate bearing capacity cement installation.

2.2. Pile filling

Physical hazards that can be found:

a) Violent ejection of concrete from delivery hose at first moment of delivery.

b) Burst of concrete to the workers if there is a delivery pipe failure.
c) Workers getting stabbed from rebar sticking out of the concrete slabs.
2.3. Pile Cap Construction

Work activity in Pile Cap Ergonomic hazards Physical Hazard

Construction
Excavation around piles - Awkward posture Getting buried during
excavation
Over exertion during
Manual materials handling
Workers contact with stress
and pressure
Pile head cutting Workers manually handle - Cuts and
the cutting of concrete abrasions from
Heavy work cutting it
manually.
Blinding concrete Overexertion and awkward - Skin contact can
postures result in
moderate
irritation to
severe skin
damage due to
chemical burns.
Waterproof for blinding Physical workloads - Inhaling flying
concrete Overexertion and awkward dust and particles
postures which may lead
to respiratory
problems and
irritate eye,
nose,and throat
Reinforcement fixing for Handling operation using - Noise produced
pile cap bar bending machine by the bar
Overexertion bending machine
 is too loud and
can cause hearing
impairment.
Formwork installation Excessive Manual materials
for pile cap handling
Struck by rebar, formwork
panels, concrete buckets
and overhead materials.
Heavy work using
hammers.
Concreting of the pile Manual handling materials - Exposure to wet
cap for concreting the pile cap. concrete can
Awkward postures and result in skin
overexertion irritation and
Exertion of force to balance even three levels
load during standing. of chemical
burns.
C4.0 WALL
A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT USED TO DIVIDE OR ENCLOSE AND IN
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TO FORM THE PERIPHERY OF A ROOM OR A
BUILDING.

4.1 Constructing Masonry Wall

Physical hazards that can occur:

a) The concrete brick can slip through the workers` fingers and can hit their toes.
b) It can cause body pain such as ligament strain and back problem due to
performing repetitive tasks over long period of time.
c) Cuts and abrasions can happen when layering the walls
d) Flying particles and dust will increase the chances of getting an eye injury.
 5.0 STAIRCASE

A CONSTRUCTION DESIGNED TO BRIDGE LARGE VERTICAL DISTANCE BY

DIVIDING IT INTO SMALLER VERTICAL DISTANCE CALLED STEPS

Work Activities Equipment Ergonomic Hazards Physical Hazard

Measuring space and Meter tape Awkward posture Cuts and
marking abraisons
Formwork Arrange Timber Lifting materials, Timber could
formworks based on awkward posture, slips and falls
measurement heavy work through the
workers`s hand.
Pouring and finishing Concrete mixer, Manual materials Inhale flying dust
concrete stairs shovel, wheelbarrow, handling, excessive and particles.
concrete vibrator stress work
Drying process Flatten surface of Repetitive Construction
concrete using a bull movement, awkward workers walking
float posture, excessive behind the bull
bending float operator

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