BACHELOR OF SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

SEPTEMBER 2022

XBOH 2103

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

MATRICULATION NO : 850728086339001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 850728086339
TELEPHONE NO. : 0183734027
E-MAIL : kyda2014@oum.edu.my
LEARNING CENTRE : PETALING JAYA
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1) Question 1 a) Hazards Identification……...………………………………………Page 2

b) Control Measure……………………………………………………Page 9
- Raw Material Preparation and Handling………………………..Page 9
- Pulp Manufacturing……………………………………………...Page 10
- Pulp Washing and Screening…………………………………….Page 11
- Chemical Recovery...……………………………………………..Page 12
- Bleaching………………………………………………………....Page 12
- Stock Preparation………………………………………………...Page 13
- Paper Making…………………………………………………….Page 13

c) Training Program Suggestion……………………………………...Page 14

d) Standard Operation Procedure……………………………………. Page 15

2) Question 2 - Training Programme Poster ………………………………………. Page 17

3) Question 3 – Online Class Participation………………………………………….Page 18

4) Attachment/References…………………………………………………………...Page 19

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Question 1

A) Hazards Identification

Process Hazards Description

Raw material preparation and handling Slip and fall If there is carelessness
during the felling
operation or improper
equipment is not used,
cutting high trees has a
highly severe risk that
can result in slipping or
falling. This may result in
critical harm or even
death.
Wooden dust There will be dust and
dust particles released
throughout the tree-
cutting operation. If
employees are not fully
protected by PPE gear,
sharp wood dust might
hurt their eyes and nose.
Noise The noise generated by
the sawing process can
harm the ear's sense of
hearing as well. In the
long run, it might
potentially harm your
hearing.

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 Process Hazards Description

Pulp Manufacturing Magnetic fields and Utilizing equipment with

electric energy strong magnetic fields
and electric currents can
lead to high-risk risks and
long-term damage.

Equipment Equipment damage,

accidents during usage,
and worker injuries can
all be caused by improper
maintenance and use of
the equipment.
Human Error Workers' disregard for
safety by failing to wear
the required PPE and
their disregard for safety
signage.

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 Process Hazards Description
Pulp Washing and Screening Chemical Substance Uncontrolled chemicals
can degrade pulp,
causing it to become
uneven and prone to
exploding or releasing
hazardous fumes.

Fire and Explosion In the vicinity of

chemicals, strong
machines that generate a
lot of heat are prone to
catching fire.
Filtered Chemical Workers risk harm if the
Residues filtered residue splashes
out of an unlocked or
improperly closed
machine or reservoir.

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 Process Hazards Description
Chemical Recovery Chemical Substance Workers are continually
exposed to dangerous
substances, which can
impair themselves.

The ambient Chemicals that are

temperature at the sensitive to
workplace environmental factors
may react when
temperatures are too
high.
Chemical Storage Tank Failure to adhere to
restrictions and
improper maintenance
of safety valves.

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Process Hazards Description
Bleaching Toxic Gases As caustic
material that can
irritate or burn
the skin and eyes,
bleach must be
handled with
extreme caution.

Fire and Explosion or fire

Explosion can result from a
chemical reaction
between
combined
components that
are mixed or
mixed
improperly.
Skin Erosion Many chemicals
are employed in
this procedure. If
exposed to
chemical
dangers,
negligent usage
and incorrect use
might cause skin
erosion.

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 Process Hazards Description
Stock Preparation Waste Particle In this procedure,
unused debris
might be
hazardous if it
comes into touch
with personnel.

Maintenance If not handled

Hole appropriately, the
machine's small
servicing area
might be
hazardous.
Pulp Cutter If not handled
appropriately, the
machine's small
servicing area
might be
hazardous.

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 Process Hazards Description
Paper Making Head Box speed If not managed
appropriately, the
high-speed water
filtering process
might cause harm.

Pressing If not managed

Cylinder properly, a high-
power pressing
procedure might
cause injury.
Cutting Cutting edges that
are too sharp might
hurt employees.

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Question 1

A) Control Measure:

- Raw Material Preparation and Handling

Hazards Control Measures

Supervisors need to make sure that

employees are using the right, well-
Slip and fall maintained safety equipment and ropes.
This is due to the fact that the primary
cause of accidents is the workers' own
irresponsible behaviour and negligence.
In the event that powder or wood dust
Wooden dust splashes into the open cavity when cutting
wood, wearing a nose and eye mask helps
lessen the danger of this happening.
Use of protective earplugs or a ear muff
Noise might lessen the intensity of the sound
generated by tools for cutting wood.

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 - PULP MANUFACTURING

Hazards Control Measures

Machines should be maintained in

accordance with the schedule so that there
Magnetic Fields and Electric Energy is no risk of workplace accidents, such as
short circuits and other similar events.

Before operating the equipment, personnel

receive enough instruction on how to use it
and perform proper equipment
Equipment maintenance. This can lengthen the useful
life of the equipment in addition to
lowering the danger of accidents.

Provide employees with constant

instructions and training, and arrange
storage signs and labels appropriately to
Human Error
prevent chemical mixing and worker
misunderstanding.

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 - PULP WASHING AND SCREENING

Hazards Control Measures

In order to prevent harm or confusion,

Chemical Substance workers should thoroughly regulate and
monitor the chemicals that have been
combined.
Chemicals and diffuser machines need to
be kept separate to prevent a reaction that
Fire and Explosion starts a fire because fuel-like sensitive
chemicals should not be near a diffuser
machine.
Warning signs should be posted during the
pulp screening process to prevent worker
Filtered Chemical Residues
injuries and accidents from the filtered
residue hitting the employees.

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 - CHEMICAL RECOVERY

Hazards Control Measures

To encourage employees to use chemicals

Chemical Substance with greater caution, warning signs should
be put up.

Chemicals should be maintained at the

proper temperature, thus there should be a
The Ambient Temperature at The reasonable distance between the location of
Workplace chemical recovery and it to prevent
chemical reactions.
Workers handling the tank must do so
while wearing the necessary PPE, dressing
Chemical Storage Tank
correctly to avoid body burns or death in
the case of an accident.

- Bleaching

Hazards Control Measures

When combining chemicals, wearing a

Toxic Gases complete mask and receiving proper
training are requirements.
Smoking and other heat-producing
Fire and Explosion activities shouldn't be done near where this
process is being done.
To stop skin deterioration, employees must
wash their hands and faces using anti-
Skin Erosion
chemical soap. The usage of suitable PPE
is very required.

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 - Stock Preparation

Hazards Control Measures

For the purpose of preventing particles

from entering the human cavity, the proper
Waste Particle PPE, such as masks and goggles, must be
used.
Every opening or crevice needs to be
Maintenance Hole sealed off.

A qualified individual must operate the

pulp cutter.
Pulp Cutter

- PAPER MAKING

Hazards Control Measures

Head Box speed To prevent damage and accidents, the head

box should be serviced as needed.
Pressing Cylinder Because operating this equipment requires
a high level of knowledge, only trained
personnel are authorised to do so.
Cutting As the cutting machine's blade is highly
precise, you must adhere to the
maintenance plan.

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Question 1

B) Training Program Suggestion:

a) Physical Training and Online Training.

 For each procedure involved, there is physical training and
achievement monitoring. The worker's proficiency and
capacity to recognise potential hazards should be taken into
account when determining their grade.
 Employees who receive regular online training benefit from
being reminded of the risks they face and how to avoid them.

b) Daily Briefing Session

 Frequently inform staff about safety concerns and carry out
relevant audits.
 Exercise simply to ensure that workers are prepared for any
unfavourable circumstances.

c) Routinely check on the health of workers' senses.

 Due to the numerous risks for workers, it is important to check
their physical and mental health regularly.
 The factory should also oblige every employee in the chemical
department to attend a course in order to be able to handle
chemicals correctly and deal with accidents caused by
chemicals

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Question 1

C) Standard Operation Procedure:

Process Description
Received wood as a raw material from a supplier. Make sure
you direct the driver to the appropriate location and manage
traffic.
Raw material preparation Material was received with the proper standard and
and handling specification. Reject the spec and advise the administrator of
your next course of action.
Properly store items in the yard. Make sure that all
personnel wear full PPE while unloading materials, and that
they avoid standing directly beneath the transfer object.
Move raw materials from the yard to the processing area.
Before utilising a forklift or crane, make sure the personnel
are fully protected, and carry out a regular check.
Cleaning methods;
1. The water-washing procedure. Ensure that all employees
Pulp Manufacturing are wearing PPE. Glasses and a mask are absolutely
necessary.
Debarking 
2. Before using, make sure the mechanical barking machine
has been inspected.
Cleaning and chopping. PPE was entirely necessary.
Pulping process. Watch out for hot and chemical surfaces.
Process of digesting pulp.
Pulp Washing and Pulp cleaning.
Screening Screening method.
Chemical recovery process. Utilize the Oxygen

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 Delignification Process to more thoroughly clean the pulp's
leftover lignin residues.
Chemical Recovery Screening. This procedure can lessen the amount of
chemicals used in the bleaching process and the
environmental impact of the procedure.
May remove contaminants from the pulp and enhance the
colour of the pulp. This can brighten the pulp by removing
lignin from it and cleaning it.
The Bleaching Process has several different processes
depending on the desired brightness. Each process also uses
Bleaching different chemicals. Among the chemicals used in this
process are:
a) Chlorine Gas
b) Chlorine Dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Sodium Hydroxide
Ascertain that the vessel is prepared for inspection. As the
Stock Preparation vessel is being inspected, remain nearby. Inform the site
coordinator or site assistant of the status of the inspection.
Ensure that the DOSH inspections are finished and
approved. Before closing the manhole cover, go through the
Paper Making Box-Upchecklist. Remove the tags before closing the MH1
manhole cover.

Question 2

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  Training Programme Poster

Question 3

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 Online Participation:

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 ATTACHMENT

REFERENCES

1) Hazards in paper and pulp industries – from an engineering insurance perspective.

Presented at the IMIA Conference in Boston, 12 September 2006
https://www.imia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/wgp4906.pdf

2) How Paper Is Made

By PaperOne Company,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXQDsSctP1M

3) Langley alloys, (2019). Paper/Pulp.

https://www.langleyalloys.com/ms/langley-alloys/pasaran/kertas-pulpa/

4) SOP by RISMAYANTO BIN BUANG STUDENT

https://www.scribd.com/document/436681433/SOP

5) Vector Solution,
Paper Manufacturing Safety Tips: Hazards, Controls, and Safe Work Practices,
July 7, 2017
https://www.vectorsolutions.com/resources/blogs/paper-manufacturing-safety-
tips/

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