ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: News Reporting

Students are tasked to collect current local and international news that have something to
do with health concern. This news should be printed that can be presented in the class. Follow
the directions below:

1. Cut and paste (or print) a news article covering a local/national and international health
concern across stages of development. This is regardless of the valence (positive or
negative) of the news.
International news article
Help Children in Rural Communities Thrive

https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/features/rural-health.html

National
Many children and adolescents in the Philippines are not growing up healthily
More children and young people are eating unhealthy food

https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/unicef-many-children-and-adolescents-philippines-are-not-growing-
healthily
2. Fill out the table below and present in the class.
Stages News Headline Summary Implications on Teaching
and Learning

Pregnancy Choline during The study, which compared these children with those Teachers must be mindful
pregnancy impacts whose mothers had consumed the recommended of the parents who have
childrens sustained amount of choline, suggests that the recommended been pregnant to have
choline intake for expectant mothers does not fully
attention more knowledge about
meet the needs of the fetal brain.
taking choline
Several decades of research using rodent models has
shown that adding extra choline to the maternal diet supplements during
produces long term cognitive benefits for the pregnancy. Pregnant
offspring. In addition to improving offspring attention parents must learn the
and memory throughout life, maternal choline proper usage of choline
supplementation in rodents has proven to be supplements in their
neuroprotective for the offspring by mitigating the
body. Teachers or any
cognitive adversities caused by prenatal stress, fetal
alcohol exposure, autism, epilepsy, Down syndrome Health personnel must be
and Alzheimer's disease. informative to the
"By demonstrating that maternal choline parents on the effects of
supplementation in humans produces offspring taking choline
attentional benefits that are similar to those seen in supplement during
animals,"Strupp said, "our findings suggest that the pregnancy. They must
full range of cognitive and neuroprotective benefits
give the advantages and
demonstrated in rodents may also be seen in
humans." the disadvantages of
The new findings build on a previous study from this taking choline
research group describing benefits during infancy. supplements during
That study demonstrated that maternal choline pregnancy.
supplementation improved information processing
speed throughout the first year of life in these same
children.

Infancy Speaking 'baby talk' A new study suggests that when parents' babies talk to Teacher or a Parent must
to infants isn’t just their infants, they might be helping them learn to provide a proper way of
cute: It could help produce speech. teaching their child on
them learn to make The way we instinctively speak to babies -- higher how to talk. One way of
words pitch, slower speed, exaggerated pronunciation not teaching a baby to talk is
only appeals to them, but likely helps them learn to a baby talk. Made up of
understand what we're saying. It seems to stimulate proper adult speech at a
motor production of speech, not just the perception of different cadence, is
speech,"said Matthew Masapollo, Ph.D., an assistant better for baby's
professor in UF's Department of Speech development than the
In the study, the researchers changed the frequency regular baby babble used
sounds to mimic either an infant or adult vocal tract, to. Teacher or a parent
and then tested how infants reacted. According to must use proper
grammar, real words or a
their research, suggestions, older babies' dawning
lot of different words
ability to control their voices and make words out of because this helps the
 babble could be what makes the infant-like sounds children to improve their
more appealing. Though baby talk may sound simple, understanding of
it's accomplishing a lot. language. It may also
increase the number and
variety of words that they
understand and use.

Childhood Coronavirus school COVID-19 may appear indiscriminate in how it infects In order to provide better
closures could widen people, but its greatest effect will be on the most learning for the younger
inequities for our vulnerable. students even though
youngest students The coronavirus has uncovered myriad inequities there is a pandemic, to fill
within systems of education, from childrensand the inequities of the
familiesaccess to resources, to the supportive and safe younger students,
environments that are necessary for optimal learning. teachers must provide
Inequities are exponentially greater in times of crisis. learning materials, even if
In Canada, more than 2.3 million primary-age children the students are not
remain at home. Challenges of inequity were allowed to go to school
immediately apparent as public school authorities they can still learn
began responding. through the help of the
Privileged families with stable home environments will parents. Inequities are
find themselves able to navigate and circumvent not the reason for the
school closures and find and use alternate and various students not to learn.
learning resources, while families facing inequities will Providing learning
be most impacted by these challenges. materials to the younger
For the youngest children in our schools, the students in their home
cumulative effects of inequities are particularly can help them to learn.
concerning. The interruption to their learning is
happening precisely at a time when crucial
developmental gains matter most, since these gains
provide an important foundation for child well-being,
competence, skills and maturation. This disruption, if
left unaddressed, may shift childrensdevelopmental
trajectories.

Adolescence Parents, for your For the past year, the pandemic has shaped how Parents must provide a
‘quaranteenager’s’ young people have been forced to consider risk. preoccupation to provide
sexual health, talk to Masks, social distancing, hand washing, staying home, development of the
them about taking these are new norms of safety for life as whats sexual health of their
risks popularly been dubbed a quaranteenager. children. Many teenagers
And yet, as the weather warms, and we take tentative now experience
steps outside, teenagers will begin to navigate their depression and anxiety
own desire for face-to-face contact and socializing and during this pandemic.
their need to stay safe in the pandemic. Mental health of the
As parents work to support teenagersemotional and children is one of the
physical well-being this spring and summer, lets not affected during this
forget the ways this pandemic has interrupted their pandemic. Parents must
sexual development. Teens are supposed to be be open to their children
establishing new intimate relationships outside of the on what their children
family. feel about or what their
 Instead, a year-long lockdown has kept teens close to problem is. Teachers or
home and increased their time with parents or parents must provide
household members and cut them off from most knowledge of how to deal
physical contact with peers. with those serious
Just as COVID-19 has required parents to have difficult problems to themselves
and frank conversations with the teens about health so that they can learn and
risks, the pandemic provides an opportunity for to face the challenges in
their life.
parents to have frank conversations about sexuality
and safety as well.

Task 2: Reflection Paper

Write a reflection paper based on the following questions:

▪ How would parents’ belief affect their children’s physical development? Give examples.

From the beginning of a childs life, the parent is modeling what it means to be an adult. The parents belief affect their
children's physical development through demonstrating what the child is aiming for. The parent is showing what it means
to be a human being. And as the child grows older, what it means to be a particular gender, or race, or ethnicity, or class.
Some of the parents are teaching their child what are their experiences, and belief when they are a child to develop the
physical well being of their children. Through the personal experiences of their parent on how they developed their
physical, the belief on how to deal with in it is passed to their children. Their children can learned more from their parents
and they know already on how to develop physicaly based on the experiences that their parents teach to their children.
The parent is the first and most important teacher by example of developing the physical ability of their children, values
and atitudes toward everything.
Examples:

The parents remind their children to sleep early to grow fast.

The parents remind their children to eat vegetables to became healthy.

▪ In what ways would the community’s beliefs affect parental attitude towards child rearing?

The community's belief affect parental attitute towards child rearing through the cultural norms of the community about
the parenting attitude or practices typically on how their raised their children. These norms affect what beliefs and values
parents teach their children, what behaviors are considered appropriate, and the methods used to teach these values and
behaviors. However, despite some differences among cultures, there are key common parenting themes that emerge
across cultures.

▪ As a teacher, how would you address parental beliefs in physical development that may prove to be unethical and
unhealthy? Provide scenarios.

Teachers are required reporters. As a teacher, it's my duty to report the unethical and unhealthy development of the
parents to their children. Teachers are mandated reporters, and in some states, every single person is considered a
mandated reporter. This means as a teachers , I legally obligated to report any signs of abuse or neglect of a child to the
appropriate authorities immediately.
The primary intent of the reporting law is to protect the child from abuse and neglect. However, a report of suspected child
abuse or neglect may also present an opportunity to provide help for the family. Parents who are under stress may be
unable to ask for help directly, and may not know where or how to access support/help. A report of suspected abuse or
neglect may be the catalyst for bringing about change in the home environment, which in turn may help to lower the risk
of abuse or neglect in the home.
Chapter 7
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Theory ComparisonCompare the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky and analyze where the two theories converge
and where they are different.
Areas Piaget
View of the Child Chdren on this stage do not yet understand
concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate
information, and are unable to take the
point of view of other people, which he
termed egocentrism.
Development of Cognition Cognitive development involves changes in
cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget’s
view, early cognitive development involves
processes based upon actions and later
progresses into changes in mental
operations.
The Role of the Child Significant Process Piaget believed that children take an active
role in the learning process, acting much
like little scientists as they perform
experiments, make observations, and learn
about the world. Children play an active
role in discovering and understanding
schema and that children are active
learners and that exploration and
discovery is necessary for cognitive
development.
Key areas of the theory Piaget's theory of cognitive development
proposes 4 stages of development.
Vygotsky
The child’s thought and speech begin as
separate functions with no necessary
connection between them.
children’s informal and formal education
through
te medium of language strongly influences
the level of conceptual thinking they reach.
Development involves the internalization
of signs acquires by an individual from
others so that he can think and solve
problems. understanding children, it is
important that we become familiar with
the nature of the culture’s historical
background because the environments
that children inhabit confront children with
opportunities and demands unique to that
culture.
He believed that social interaction plays a
critical role in children's learning. Through
such social interactions, children go
through a continuous process of learning.
Children play an active role in discovering
and understanding schema and that
children are active learners and that
exploration and discovery is necessary for
cognitive development.
Learning precedes development.
 Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years 2. Development involves the
internalization of signs acquires by an
Preoperational stage: 2 to 7 years individual from others so

Concrete operational stage: 7 to 11 years

that he can think and solve problems by
Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up
him/herself.

3. The zone of proximal development is the

level of development immediately above a

person’s present level.

Questions:

1. What areas of Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory are similar? Different?

The areas were Piaget and Vygotsky's theory are similar in the role of the child significant process. Both believe that
children play an active role in discovering and understanding schema and that children are active learners and that
exploration and discovery is necessary for cognitive development. They are the different in the areas "view of the child",
development of cognition and key areas of the theory.

2. How would the areas you wrote affect the way you teach your students? Give examples.

Through this areas, this affect the way I am teaching my students. This help to me and to my students to approach a new
idea through the lens of what they have already learned. This help me in teaching on how the way children learn can be a
very useful aid to teachers. This helps me to understand how children learn best and therefore help them to help the
children be more successful in their learning.

Chapter 8

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: My Talents and Abilities

Based on the discussions regarding intelligence, create a concept map of how you understand and would define
intelligence. Use the diagram below. From the culled information, discuss similarities and the differences when it comes to
you and your classmates’ perspectives.
Activity 2: Analysis

Based on the concepts presented to you and the activities you accomplished, write an analysis of the functions of
intelligence in enhancing learning experiences. Use the following guide questions:

1. How do you think one’s personal background affect one’s view of intelligence?

I think one's personal background affect one's view of intelligence. Through their personal background we can determine
them how intelligent person they are. Their personal background tells already how intelligent person they are.

2. Do you think Filipinos should have their own definition of intelligence? Why or why not?

I Think that Filipino should have not their own definition of intelligence because nowadays, filipino believe that those who
can speak the English language fluently are already intelligent. Speaking English Fluently is not the basis on how intelligent
person you are, every one of us has own kind of intelligence. Eventhough we are not good in speaking english language
but we are have intelligence on other skills. The ability to express yourself and to speak fluently whether in speech or
writing is just a matter of a life skill. Languages build ones personality and boost confidence and help in communication. In
todays World, we use English to measure ones intelligence. We must understand the fact that English is just a language and
not a means to measure ones intelligence or education.
If some people want to learn some things in their language we cannot decipher their knowledge just because they do not
know English. Not all people who have a good command of the English language are less educated or intelligent. Thus, as a
country speaking and learning English as our second language must have our own definition of intelligence.

3. How would the information presented above affect the way you view the educational system?

Education is one of the ways to help improve our intellectual skills but being intelligent, judging other people the way he
speaks the language or the way he/she is is not good. Everyone of us has intelligence but in a specific area. Through
education and learning this may help to develop our intelligence.

4. How do intelligence function in relation to understanding one’s learning experiences?

Learning and understanding is impossible without intelligence. In other words, intelligence is the basis of learning and
understanding The effectiveness of learning and understanding is conditioned by the degree of intelligence. It is an
accepted fact that students with high intelligence are easier to teach or to direct and guide than students with low
intelligence. Some people they acquire their intelligences based on their experiences.

Chapter 9

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Self Reflection

1. What teaching strategies will you use in facilitating cognitive development among students?
Have children draw scenes with perspective.

2. How would you assess the levels of development based on the strategies proposed?
In the early childhood, I will give them a picture and then they will imitate the picture that I give to them and they will
write what are they saw in their drawing.

In the middle childhood, I will give them some simple picture and they will arrange it into a scenery drawing and they will
write what are their drawing all about.

In the childhood stage, I will give them a some shuffle picture and they will arrange it into a scenery, they will color it with
coloring materials and they will write what are their perspective about their drawing.

In the adolescence stage, I will give them a scene which is written to a paper and then they will convert or draw it into a
bondpaper including using variations of colors and they will explain in front of the class what is their artwork all about.

Activity 2: Summative Assessment

Choose only the letter of the correct answer.

1. As a parent, Maureen believes that her child is socially dependent at the beginning of the child's cognitive life. It means
that development is dependent on social interaction. What developmental theory is this anchored on?
A. Sociohistorical Theory

B. Ecological Theory

C. Psychoanalytic Theor

D. Ethological Theory

2. Jean Piaget's Phases of Cognitive Development was divided into four stages. What stage describes the individuals' ability
to see relationships and to reason in the abstract?

A. Sensorimotor

B. Preoperational

C. Concrete Operations

D. Formal Operations

3. In Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development, there are some assumptions of primary

importance. These assumptions are:

A. Learning with others precedes development

B. Self-regulation and scaffolding
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

4. Based on Piaget's theory, what should a teacher provide for children in the sensorimotor stage?

A. Games and other physical activities to develop motor skill.

B. Learning activities that involve problems of classifying and ordering

C. Activities for hypothesis formulation.

D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with.

5. According to psychometric theorists, what concept refers to a trait or a set of traits that characterizes people to a
greater extent than others.
A. Abilities

B. Memory

C. Perception

D. Intelligence

6. Mark is a mathematician and has impressive skills in the abstract thinking and problem solving. What intellectual ability
is Mark demonstrating?

A. Musical Intelligence
B. Logical-mathematical Intelligence

C. Naturalistic Intelligence

D. Intrapersonal Intelligence

7. Sternberg’s triarchic theory emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior, EXCEPT:

A. Componential Intelligence

B. Creative Intelligence

C. Contextual Component

D. Experiential Component

8. When children develop symbols that they use to learn language and use in make-believe play, they are theorized to be in
what stage of Piaget’s developmental stage?

A. Sensorimotor

B. Preoperational

C. Concrete Operational

D. Formal Operational

9. Emma always scores high on standardized tests. This is attributed to her ability to evaluate and analyze materials using
abstract thinking to achieve solutions. Using Sternberg’s theory, what type of intelligence is she demonstrating?
A. Componential
B. Contextual

C. Experiential

D. Procedural

10. Ada is known to use her ability, knowledge and skills when dealing with new problems. Based on Sternberg’ theory,
what type of intelligence is she demonstrating?

A. Componential

B. Contextual

C. Experiential

D. Procedural

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Position Paper

1. Write a position a paper on how children learn their language when it comes to their first and second language.

Activity 2: Self- Reflection

Children acquire language quickly, easily, and without effort or formal teaching. It happens automatically, whether their
parents try to teach them or not.
Although parents or other caretakers don't teach their children to speak, they do perform an important role by talking to
their children. Children who are never spoken to will not acquire language. And the language must be used for interaction
with the child; for example, a child who regularly hears language on the TV or radio but nowhere else will not learn to talk.
Children acquire language through interaction - not only with their parents and other adults, but also with other children.
All normal children who grow up in normal households, surrounded by conversation, will acquire the language that is being
used around them. And it is just as easy for a child to acquire two or more languages at the same time, as long as they are
regularly interacting with speakers of those languages.
The special way in which many adults speak to small children also helps them to acquire language. Studies show that the
'baby talk' that adults naturally use with infants and toddlers tends to always be just a bit ahead of the level of the child's
own language development, as though pulling the child along. This 'baby talk' has simpler vocabulary and sentence
structure than adult language, exaggerated intonation and sounds, and lots of repetition and questions. All of these
features help the child to sort out the meanings, sounds, and sentence patterns of his or her language.
A child learns their first language early in life and they will most likely reach fluency in this language first. Although often
referred to as “mother tongue”, this term does not represent the fluid nature of languages and the ability to acquire more
than one language simultaneously. Speaking of languages in fixed terms with clear distinctions between the languages
disregards the hybridity and uniqueness of linguistic influences throughout a child's life.

The process of learning an additional language can be referred to as “second language acquisition”. Your child might learn
another language during their time in kindergarten. This usually happens in two ways: Either through a natural, non-
instructive way, usually occurring at the same time as the child's first language acquisition, or through an instructive way
of learning, which usually refers to class- room teaching in a group context. The latter being more common with older
children in school. Although it is a complex subject, learning a first and second language at an early age is a natural process
and does not necessarily lead to diffi culties in acquiring language in general. Your child is the one who leads and controls
the pro- cess of language acquisition, and the family can be a guiding and supportive factor in the process. Most of the
time, children can acquire several languages without difficulties, depending on their environment and their cognitive
predisposition

1. What significant learnings were you able to get from the topic discussion?

I learned that first language is very important to the children because acquiring first language can help the child acquire
their second language easier.

2. What is the importance of understanding how language is taught at home?

The importance of understanding how language is taught at home are Learners learn more when they are able to use
home languages. When learners use their home language to learn another language, their understanding and performance
is likely to improve. Being able to move between two languages lessens the cognitive load and lets learners explain what
they know and can do.

3. How would teaching be designed when it comes to addressing the first language and second language of students?

Teaching would be designed when it comes to addressing the first language and second language of students through
teaching to improve their language. Having a strong foundation in a first language makes acquiring a second easier.
Children who have a solid foundation in their mother tongue, develop better literacy skills in other languages that they
subsequently learn. It is important therefore, that as parents we spend time talking, reading and developing the first
language of our children because it shows bilingual learners brains are more flexible -- they store two languages
simultaneously.