20/9/2019

SPPE 2622
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

Introduction to Industrial Design

BY

ASSOC PROF TS DR
AEDE HATIB BIN MUSTAÁMAL @
JAMAL

What is Industry?

• According to Cambridge Dictionary Industry

could defined as “the companies and activities
involved in the process of producing goods for
sale, especially in a factory or special area”

What is Industry?
• Menurut Kamus Dewan, Industri
didefinisikan:
‘perusahaan (kebiasaannya secara besar-
besaran) untuk membuat, menghasilkan,
dan mengeluarkan barangan.’
• Manakala industrialisasi bermaksud
pengindustrian, kecekapan teknik dan
pengurusan yang boleh digunakan untuk
menjayakan lagi sesuatu proses.

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What is Design ?
• ‘ Design is the creation of the products
and the services that people use’

What is Design ?
• Design makes technology usable for
people

What is Design ?
• Design connects people with technology

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What is Design ?
• Design solves the problems that people
have

Definition of Design
• Design is about making things good (and then
better) and right (and fantastic) for the people
who use and encounter them.” — (Matt Beale,
2016)

Definisi Rekabentuk (Design)

• ‘Proses rekabentuk
adalah kaedah untuk
menghasilkan
penyelesaian inovatif
bagi sesuatu masalah
yang akan
ditunjukkan melalui
produk atau sistem’
(Earle)

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What is Industrial Design (ID)?

• “the professional service of

creating and developing
concepts and specifications
that optimize the function,
value, and appearance of
products and systems for the
mutual benefit of both user
and manufacturer” (The
Industrial Designers Society
of America –IDSA)

What is Industrial Design (ID)?

• “Industrial Design is a
strategic problem-solving
process that drives
innovation, builds business
success, and leads to a
better quality of life through
innovative products,
systems, services, and
experiences” (World
Design Organisation –
WDO)

What is Industrial Design (ID)?

• “the art that deals with the design
problems of manufactured
objects, including problems of
designing such objects with
consideration for available
materials and means of
production, of designing
packages, bottles, etc., for
manufactured goods, and of
graphic design for manufactured
objects, packages, etc.”
(Dictionary.com)

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What is Industrial Design (ID)?

• Rekabentuk Industri adalah
perkembangan rekaan dan sistem produk
yang dapat memenuhi keperluan fizikal
dan keinginan psikologi seseorang (James
F Fulton)

What is Industrial Design (ID)?

• Rekabentuk industri merupakan aspek
hiasan atau estetika sesuatu barang
(Pusat Harta Intelek, Institut Tadbiran
Awam Negara)

What is Industrial Design (ID)?

Industrial design is a combination of
applied art and applied science,
whereby the aesthetics, ergonomics
and usability of products may be
improved for marketability and
production (Wikipedia)

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Definition of terms
• Applied art is the application of design and
aesthetics to objects of function and everyday
use.
• Applied science is the application of scientific
knowledge transferred into a physical
environment
• Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing
with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with
the creation and appreciation of beauty
• Ergonomics is the science of designing the
workplace environment to fit the user.

Definition of terms
• Usability is the
ease of use and
learnability of a
human-made object

• Product is a "thing
produced by labor
or effort"or the
"result of an act or a
process", ----- thing
or things produced.

Early ID in the Europe

• The birth of ID is often traced to Western Europe
in early 1900s.
• Large manufacturer commissioned a multitude
of craftspeople and architects to design various
products for manufacture.
• Initially these early European designers had little
direct impact on industry; however, their work
had shaped and influenced what is today known
as industrial design.
• Their approaches to ID went beyond mere
functionalism; they emphasised the importance

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• Their approaches to ID
went beyond mere
functionalism; they
emphasised the importance
of geometry, precision,
simplicity, and economy in
the design of products.
• They believed the product
should be designed ‘from
the inside out’ – form
should follow function

Early ID in United States

• However, the early concept of ID in the United
States were distinctly different from Europe:
– In the Europe, the industrial designers were amongst
the engineers, and architects.
– While in the US, they were among theater designers,
and artist –illustrator.- for sales and advertising
• Hence, compared to Europe the ID in US is
more emphasised to exterior and its inside
mattered little – products were designed with
non-functional aerodynamic shapes in attempt to
create product appeal.

The Difference ID between Europe and

US
• Europe Cars 1950s • US Cars 1950s

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• By 1970s European design had

strongly influenced American ID,
largely to the works of Henry
Dreyfuss and Eliot Noyes.
• Heightened competition in the
marketplace forced companies to
search ways to improve and
differentiate their products.
• Increasingly, companies accepted
the notion that the role of ID
needed to go beyond mere shape
and appearance

Industrial Design Goals

• Dreyfuss (1967) had lists five critical goals that
industrial designers can help to achieve when
developing new products:
– Utility : the product’s human interfaces should be
safe, easy to use, and intuitive. Each feature should
be shaped so that it communicates its function to the
user.
– Appearance: form, line, proportion, and colour are
used to integrate the product into pleasing whole.
– Ease of maintenance: products must also be
designed to communicate how they are to be
maintained and repaired.

Industrial Designer Goals

– Low costs: form and features have a large
impact on tooling and production costs, so
these must be considered by the team.
– Communication: product designs should be
communicate the corporate design philosophy
and mission through the visual qualities of the
products.

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Industrial Design Roles

The difference between ID and

ED
• Industrial Design (ID) is an applied art whereby
the aesthetics and usability of products may be
improved. Design aspects specified by the
industrial designer may include the overall
shape of the object, the location of details with
respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds,
and aspects concerning the use of the product
ergonomics.
While, Engineering Design(ED) is a discipline
that creates and transforms ideas and concepts
into a product definition that satisfies customer
requirements.

Industrial Design Role in Industry

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How Important ID to a Product?

• Most products on the market can be improved in
some way or another by good ID
• Products that are used, operated, or seen by
people depend critically on ID for
commercialisation.
• For assessing the importance of ID to a
particular product is to characterize importance
of two dimensions: ergonomics and aesthetics

Fig 1: ID expenditures for some consumer and

industrial products

E-learning
• eForum: Berdasarkan kuliah hari ini,
Setiap pelajar dikehendaki memilih satu
produk pengguna e.g. cerek elektrik dan
menerangkan kepentingan bidang reka
bentuk industri terhadap produk tersebut
secara umum.

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Thank you

Any question?

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