UNIT 4

UNIT 4
• Industrial design-Introduction, concept-Types of Industrial design
• Industrial design Vs Product design
• Industrial design programmes
• Industrial design intellectual property
• Design for manufacturing-Factors to design for manufacturing-
Importance of design for manufacture
• Prototyping-Importance of prtototyping-Types of prototyping
• Robust design
• CAD,CAM
• Role of CIM in manufacturing-Objectives of CIM-Components of CIM
• Difference between CAM AND CIM
 Industrial Design
• Industrial Design (ID) is the professional practice of designing products,
devices, objects, and services used by millions of people around the world
every day.
• Industrial designers typically focus on the
Physical appearance, functionality, and manufacturability of a product,
though they are often involved in far more during a development cycle. All
of this ultimately extends to the overall lasting value and experience a
product or service provides for end-users.
• Every object that you interact with on a daily basis in your home,
office, school, or public setting is the result of a design process. During this
process, myriad decisions are made by an industrial designer (and
their team) that are aimed at improving your life through well-executed
design.
• Industrial Designers place the human in the center of the
process.
• They acquire a deep understanding of user needs through
empathy and apply a pragmatic, user-centric problem-solving
process to design products, systems, services, and experiences.
• They are strategic stakeholders in the innovation process and
are uniquely positioned to bridge varied professional disciplines
and business interests.
• They value the economic, social, and environmental impact of
their work and their contribution towards co-creating a better
quality of life.
 Types of Industrial Design
• Product design is the largest subdivision of industrial design and is therefore not exactly a specialization. Skills
needed for this area will be covered broadly by any advanced program in industrial design you could
potentially attend. As an undergraduate, taking drawing, art history, and painting classes will provide a great
foundation for your continued studies. Additionally, if you can find some part-time work or a summer
internship in a design studio, you will place yourself well ahead of the competition.
• Toy design involves a unique set of considerations that set it apart from other products and goods. Children
see the world differently than adults and they respond to a completely different set of standards regarding
features, forms, and functions of the toys they use to entertain themselves. Considering play is perhaps the
most prominent difference in the type of thinking a toy designer will implement. As an undergraduate, you
can prepare to be a toy designer by taking sculpture, ceramics, painting, drawing, and drafting classes. It also
helps to take wood shop, and consumer or family science.
• Ergonomist and human-centered design teams work on projects to improve products so that they suit the
natural tendencies of the human body. This can include human-centered design. Ergonomists will be useful to
a range of products, including furniture and computers. The field usually requires a master’s degree with a
focus on biomechanics, psychology, history, mathematics, environment, or writing.
• Automotive design team specialists work with large teams of engineers, designers, and marketing researchers
to develop specifications for the vehicles of tomorrow. Designers can take one of two routes; either that of an
automobile stylist or that of a design engineer. Stylists sketch and resketch potential designs for automotive
exteriors and interiors. They develop their results into clay models before moving into plaster, then
fiberglass. 
Industrial design Vs Product design
 Industrial Design Intellectual Property

• Industrial design intellectual property refers to

compositions of colors or lines which give a
three-dimensional look to a handicraft or
product.
• This constitutes the aesthetic or ornamental
part of an article in a legal sense.
• The owner of a design patent or an industrial design that's registered has the
rights to stop third parties from the following:
• Selling articles that have a copy of the design
• Making articles with a similar design
• Importing articles that bear a design that's a copy of the original one
• Industrial design protection covers a color, shape, surface pattern, line, or
configuration of an article that increases or produces aesthetics and improves
the appearance of a design, whether it's two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Protection rights last for a period of 10 years and can be renewed one time for
an extra period of five years.
• In order for a design to qualify for protection, it must be non-obvious, visible
on the finished article, applicable to the functional article, and have no prior
disclosure of publication of the design.
 PROCESS
•  An application to register the industrial design may be filed or one may be able to
appoint an agent in some cases.
• The filing cost for protection differs in each country, so it's best to talk to the
national intellectual property office to find out more details on the exact fee
structure. 
• No international or world industrial design right exists. In order to get protection
from another country, an application must be submitted for the industrial design
for each country.
• In order to avoid submitting multiple applications, WIPO's Hague System allows
companies to register a maximum of 100 designs in a wide number of territories
through one application.
• It's essential to file the application for registration before the patent is publicly
destroyed. This way it retains its originality and novelty.
• Once the design gets disclosed to the public, it might become part of the public
domain and is not considered original or new anymore.
 Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
•  It is the process of designing parts,
components or products for ease of
manufacturing with an end goal of making a
better product at a lower cost.
• This is done by simplifying, optimizing and
refining the product design. 
• The acronym DFMA (Design for Manufacturing
and Assembly) is sometimes used
interchangeably with DFM. 
Five principles are examined during a DFM

They are:
• Process
• Design
• Material
• Environment
• Compliance/Testiing
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT DFM
1 | Minimize Part Count
• Reducing the number of parts in a product is the quickest way to reduce cost because you are reducing the
amount of material required, the amount of engineering, production, labor, all the way down to shipping costs
2 | Standaradize Parts and Materials
• Personalization and customization are expensive and time-consuming. Using quality standardized parts can
shorten time to production as such parts are typically available and you can be more certain of their
consistency. 
3 | Create Modular Assemblies
• Using non-customized modules/modular assemblies in your design allows you to modify the product without
losing its overall functionality. A simple example is a basic automobile that allows you to add in extras by
putting in a modular upgrade.
4 | Design for Efficient Joining
• Can the parts interlock or clip together? Look for ways to join parts without the use of screws, fasteners or
adhesives.
5 | Minimize Reorientation of Parts During Assembly & Machining
• Parts should be designed so that a minimum of manual interaction is necessary during production and
assembly.
6 | Streamline Number of Manufacturing Operations/Processes
• The more complex the process of making your product, is the more variables for error are
introduced. Remember what Jeff said: All processes have limitations and capabilities. Only include those
operations that are essential to the function of the design.
7 | Define "Acceptable" Surface Finishes
• Unless it must be trade show grade, go with function rather than flashy for your surface finish.
 importance
• Design for manufacturing (DFM) is important because it’s about
creating the process for the product as much as the product itself.
• The design impacts every single part of production, from costs to
timing to eventual customer satisfaction.
• Any creator who wants to bring a new product to market needs
to partner with a company that has a DFM focus
• A poor design can create a domino effect that makes it impossible
to manage even the smallest of production runs.
• Without considering manufacturing in design, the producer
opens themselves up to a lot of mistakes, which could have been
avoided if DFM was an original part of their process.