Static and Dynamic Resistance

Measurements
Ali Husain
Ali.husain@megger.com

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 Q&A

Send us your questions

and comments during
the presentation

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 Agenda

 Introduction
 Static Resistance
 Dynamic Resistance
 Megger Solutions
 Live Demo

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 What is a Circuit Breaker

 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical

switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit.

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 What Do I Need From a Circuit breaker

 To be a Perfect Conductor when closed

 To be a Perfect Insulator when opened

 To Switch between Open/close safely during

Normal/Abnormal conditions like Faults , Short circuit , etc. …

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 Low Voltage CBs
• Below 1000V
• Will trip on own when there
is too much current
• Timing test is performed via
current injection at actual
current levels
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Types of Circuit breakers
 Medium/High Voltage CBs
• Greater than 1000V
• Cannot trip on own, needs
external signal to trip ,
e.g. Protection relays
• Testing Done Through
Circuit Breaker analyzers
 HV Circuit Breakers

 Live Tank  Dead Tank (Body Grounded)

• Vacuum (High Voltage) • Vacuum (Medium Voltage)
• Minimum Oil • Bulk Oil
• Air Blast • SF6
• SF6 • GIS
– Circuit Breaker • Hybrid
– Circuit Switcher • Generator CBs
• Air Blast
 The majority nowdays are
SF6 breakers
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 Inside of a SF6 Circuit Breaker

 Contact System
• Main Contacts
• Arching Contacts

 Some breakers does not have

arcing contacts.
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 SF6 CB operation

Closed Main Arching Arching Opened

Contact Contact
separate separate
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 Static Resistance

 Verify low contact resistance (micro ohm).

 High current for accuracy.
 Test current (DC):
• Minimum 100 A (IEEE)
• IEC standard requires at least 50 ADC
• +10% of rated current (recommended)
 4 Wire Method measurement

Closed

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 Static Resistance Measurment(SRM)

Typical SRM Results:

Phase C
• Generator 1 – 10 mohm
Phase B
Phase A • Transmission 20-200 mohm
• Distribution 20-1000 mohm

Micro-Ohm
Meter
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 what about Arching Contacts ?

 Static Resistance Measurements to

arching contact Arching
contact

Main (30mohm)
Main
contact
Arching (1000mohm)

Total R = 30//1000 =
29.12 mohm
Arching Contact Closed
resistance Negligible
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 Dynamic Resistance Measurement
Doing Resistance Measurement during
Opening Operation

Main (30mohm) Arching

Contacts

Arching (1000mohm)

Total R = 1000 = mohm

Arching Contact
resistance Measureable

Thus The Name Dynamic Resistance During Operation

Measurements (DRM)
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 Actual Measurement of DRM

Current

Resistance

Arching
Closed contacts only Opened
Very Difficult
to Find a
easy
number
How can I
make this
Better?

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 Travel Motion Test
Measurement Linear Angular
interface Type

Types of
Transducer

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 DRM + Travel Motion Test
Resistance curve
equal to voltage drop over breaker
[500 mΩ/div]

Movement starts

speed x time = Length of arcing contact

Main contact opens, arcing

contact conducting.

Travel curve
[10mm/div]
Small increase in resistance of
the main circuit when the main
contact fingers slide
Current curve
[100 A/div]
Arcing contact opens, current drops and
resistance is infinite.
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I can get the Length of my Arching

contacts using DRM + Travel
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 Megger solutions

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 Megger History in CB Testing

TM1600 - 1989 EGIL - 1995

TM16 – 1984 DRM - 1993 TM1800 - 2005

TM1700s
2010

MA61 - 1994
DCM
Vibration testing – 2006
MA31 - 1988 1996
CABA - 1991 CABA Win - 1999

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 SDRM
STATIC / DYNAMIC RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
ACCESSORY FOR EGIL/TM1700/TM1800

• SRM (Static Resistance Measurement)

• DRM (Dynamic Resistance Measurement)
• Small and light weight connected at breaker
• High Current Up to 250 A
• Three Models :
• SDRM201 For EGIL
• SDRM201 For TM1700/1800 (one Break Per
Phase)
• SDRM202 For TM1700/1800 (two Break Per
Phase)

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 MOM2 , MOM200/600A ,
MOM690

DLRO100E/X/H ,
DLRO200/600

MJOLNER 200/600

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 Summery

 SRM is a Regular important test to Check Main contacts

 DRM Non-invasive look at arcing contacts
 Use high current for maximum resolution
 Perform travel measurement simultaneously for best results

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 Thank you

 Any Questions

 Don’t hesitate to contact me

Ali Husain
Application and Sales Engineer @Megger Middle east
Ali.Husain@megger.com

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