RATIO, PROPORTION & PERCENTAGE – MATHEMATICAL

REASONING & APTITUDE

B.Com Hons. (DU)

M.Com (DU)
CAT 2016 – 96.5 %ile
AIR 3 – UGC NET
Commerce,
December 2018

SSC CGL 2017 – Rank 60

Assistant Audit Officer with CAG
MY SCORE – DEC 18
 CONCEPT

1) If we multiply/divide the numerator and the

denominator of a ratio by the same number, the ratio
remains unchanged.

2) LCM & unitary method

3) A:B = 2:3, B:C = 3:4, C:D = 1:2

A : B : C : D
2 : 3 3 3
3 3 : 4 4
1 1 1 : 2
6 : 9 : 12 : 24
2 : 3 : 4 : 8
 CONCEPT

4) Mean proportion of a,b = 𝐚𝐛

5) 3rd proportion = b2/a

6) 4th proportion of a, b, c = bc/a

Important percentages to remember

1/2 = 50%

𝟏 𝟐
1/3 = 33𝟑 % 2/3 = 66𝟑 %

1/4 = 25% 3/4 = 75%

 CONCEPT
1/5 = 20% 3/5 = 60%

𝟐
1/6 = 𝟏𝟔 𝟑%

𝟐 𝟐 𝟖 𝟏
1/7 = 1𝟒 𝟕 % 4/7 = 14𝟕 * 4 = 56𝟕 = 57𝟕 %

𝟏
1/8 = 1𝟐 𝟐 %

𝟏 𝟓
1/9 = 11𝟗 % 5/9 = 55𝟗 %

1/10 = 10%

𝟏 𝟔
1/11 = 9𝟏𝟏 % 6/11 = 𝟓𝟒 𝟏𝟏 %
 CONCEPT
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏
1/12 = 8 % 7/12 = 8 * 7 = 56 % = 58 %
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

𝟗
1/13 = 7𝟏𝟑%

𝟏
1/14 = 7𝟕%

𝟐
1/15 = 𝟔 𝟑%

𝟏
1/16 = 𝟔 𝟒%

𝟏𝟓
1/17 = 𝟓 𝟏𝟕%
 CONCEPT
𝟓
1/18 = 𝟓 %
𝟗

𝟓
1/19 = 𝟓 𝟏𝟗%

1/20 = 5%

𝟏
1/24 = 𝟒 𝟔%

1/25 = 4%

𝟏
1/40 = 𝟐 𝟐%
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.1) If income of X is 20% more than that of Y and

income of Y is 25% less than that of Z. Then the total
income of X, Y and Z are in which of the following
ratios?

[a] 18 : 15 : 20

[b] 18 : 15 : 10

[c] 18 : 10 : 15

[d] 18 : 12 : 15
 SOLUTION

Option – A
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.2) A student obtains overall 78% marks in his examination

consisting of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science
and General English. Marks obtained in each subject and the
maximum marks are indicated in the following table:
Subject Physics Chemist Mathema Compute General
(200 max ry (100 tics (200 r science English
marks) max max (200 max (100 max
marks) marks) marks) marks)
Marks 155 80 165 140 X
obtained

The marks (X) obtained by the student in General English would be:

[a] 68 [c] 84
[b] 74 [d] 90
 SOLUTION

Option – C
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.3) Suppose the concentration of Carbon dioxide, a

greenhouse gas responsible for climate change, is 400
ppm. What is its concentration in air in percentage
terms?

[a] 0.04%

[b] 0.4%

[c] 0.004%

[d] 4.0%
 SOLUTION

Option – A
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.4) A trader mixes three varieties of refined oil costing

Rs.100, Rs.40 and Rs.60 per litre in the ratio 2:4:3 in
terms of litre, and sells the mixture at Rs.66 per litre.
What percentage of profit does he make?

[a] 12%

[b] 10%

[c] 9%

[d] 8%
 SOLUTION

Option – B
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.5) In a bag, there are coins of 5 ps, 10 ps and 25 ps in

the ratio of 3:2:1. If there are Rs. 60 in all, how many 5 ps
coins are there?

[a] 100

[b] 200

[c] 300

[d] 400
 SOLUTION

Option – C
 I M P O R TAN T Q U E S T I O N S

Q.6) Manoj’s commission is 10% on all sales upto

Rs.10,000 and 5% on all sales exceeding this. He remits
Rs.75,500 to his company after deducting his commission.
The total sales will come out to be

[a] Rs 78,000

[b] Rs 80,000

[c] Rs 85,000

[d] Rs 90,000