Page No.

-
Date
TMP.TRANSPoRT RouTES
ranU &Uonan loaliay

Pron fensbuna7 yoeda ot toR

2 Toons- (onda Kaulucn
m v n Louuwer Hatctex Menhal
Cotunta eueussumdnlomd.
Unon md acpc Raluwu
New yoR Som PsomuSCo

H)AuraluomTrame Lontmemkal
rom Perth dmo

Onem enp
Budap
ams S+ras touu-> Muuch- Uemna
ctunbu Balaao
ba)
Sea toule
N o h AMamhe

uoon lol B mhrade

ytA- e
T r m k Poute
old y

drdam Oceam Sea koute

med i u n a m a m
11) Po hd, - mgopo wtoup» hcu

2) z (omal

fo od f utn

ypt
)) rwma. (orul
( b (0n
Y 0 1 a , ly)
A ron iliy
 Page Nc
2 0 PHySICA GEGRAPH9 Date
Fe facB

2eaphy Cond b owkocthemse

ehamornimerpa u tuDY
DesCmbs Ca -

3 henomemmn
LsnUed wuth
ohad -
aem
2 hee duonibuhon

Cauet-}et

bromcnu
S mahc
Rgonáe ne phems UmeJemp
Evenrnn. um ne on
Karl Rutts
Ate xondoyVen HummbicH

Omur ype SromdnB

rgsttak
wuomid
yurtogy Populahm
2) tcomm
2Ceomoph
3) Huby ked

4) Souo-uuthinal ) lat
maely
sPothtap

OR G)N AND EvoLUT1ON

Big Bon Theoy

Sprotd by Hubble

nhme v hmy body eploded

13 bulue
guardat
Cet Cenolemsed lowty
but
tode theoy t a d
Hlole SuppotoStady
ScLenhut accept b Jumg Hheoy
 Page No.
Date
STR AND PLnETS

Dusmbuhen Emena a r d malus not equol S o

dunent gvovattauonal f6rLs
ChumR D f m a t t i r ohiwed c u e to h

Nbula - i e vey ange o u d Cgas

cthm mbula l o Colvtd ump goses-om

ove hme qot damsed amd

wnelumps
uohch qous loud SDtatd
om D oUd
CelDssiam ondsnmma
os o u d due b conim and
o Smale matter Calld plam
idrt
Chamberlauo- mol ten Suppottd Nabula heom
dmmanuul kamt The Sad
and
edapla u
e pamid h2 Sum, yt nubula
amdernnp
plamus
aoi
9ot
ondinnd , hen Ce

eamsJo)}aj ppom*d Cm
and
Schmid
-wetootar p p o d kaplaCR
u heom.
above
Omd
kard

PAammhocH
Jovian planes
3nner plan

far fm u m So no e
m h a l amo o
H/He
Thr
Sdon
wmd SHas
bpn by
qrouuanmal Rru
nt h d d Hhodt | mo
Smaller to Coukd

mocphent
 Date

O LU1ON OF &HRTH ANJD PRESeNT BT mos PHERE

Fth unuhalyH uoou oku9, baunem, goeous
HHe omosphee
whem Uimg9 cootu C nwmw un tmperana
foruA me neavy makmal SnR msjde amd
ngnk owside lalud ivm (ehophe
i oos t u r emhamld loy olg cplod
oumaen moom

Amosp hane

EaDyyOhmosphe Smpped by Siar wmdg

fo Ummmir pRameB
Dusumg Cooumg H,0, N,Co2 Mehamu, dmmma
Omd D ata Cold oligamumg
3A eant Cootd f u u m e r H 0 leanrd uomdemei
Ond along wth CO ( O r d rcum hse
Seum uoaRr Celaed um dapmLDno
Phohoshohosyhnthop
5 Eath hos ughut demsh

NTERIOR Oe eA RTH
Direc Sow CS dwet SuyCu

Sunlate Pocks ) muwm achviy to altulak

2 roes odrullung tmpUDuD amd
Vetcamuc emuptiong hotel huekmi
w u y Cox ne fuund
2)mutos
Ga ahon
o n t c heldd
cLar
Sha e a Sgau Caatd by uddin n v e n t p
Eash CmAs du o uddem deont
Date

mduhosp hest nask

cuuthmg Rcuric plots
ypotwne Lwhee meyy eleaxd (eus
Epicomb-Pomt arth ust abovo hyoimbe

wowe ) Bodlsuoawe
noqua
mquoe 2 p
L)Suace oae

bcyoauv moves uwde eanth m all cluNOns

nenad unm s u t a ce c e s cmd gmuake Suncg a s

D a he malemal ho Sperd
Duwwm hamge udh ouont denvhy
P ocwe amd Saoaweg -a e bedy oaue

waw e
Secondo a v e
&louwr
Fosles wnu fuotm seone
ud nly Sotd so halps
as eous Sotd a
wndustamd hmunne of e t h
9o Perptmdialar o Cut ond
anallal to dneuhon
CompemLon Omd Shuthimp- troh

tot
9 hadoo z o n

ShadooLML
ur
422

ane ,Lamd o t dus muhve

Swta 2
uweueJ
ad calud aakh oas

MeanuLLmemt

mercali

-12
Oesukum
 PageNo
( 2 4
Date
2anh ag Ohofe Cmut eeardh

wn CFe) Ox
o Rgam
Aumumumn

P a n Rumuum l a e Pamuum laest)

Roet)

STRUCTo Re Of ARTH

21gm Cm
umosphox 39/om
Asthemaphoy
Hoom
Spherram maaHe 3.4glcnm

5 3 Jom
2 9 o oD m

dgudLox

pu

6oom

Cmmemto0 mut thcRks Hham o¬ame mut

Nae

VOLCANDES
malenal Hha isnmead 7 Lava N

a l h c dlabry S
v&Oic combb Chloe

Atun
NT RUSve voLCANO FORMS PLUTOUIL
oANNC Rocks
 Page NO.
Date 2

PHPCLTH (ioa

opo)
CSou
A PLI
SLL SHeéT

ATHtOLITH
(age 3eimukrh
1 N Ws RU
eTRUSIVE FoRm/voI.c PN)C RocKS

Clood basal owa plaauu

HLot Spot volama

Hualy Ruid
Deccom rapS Keumuen siomde hemu
p r d i a m decam Pamid
fom A m tY a n J u ( N e R u

blauR - g u u S l
we hawe

ovmBaN move enpinSIEtonske

Shield Dme Volcomo|amdoy
uhod SUa
bapalhc loo Basic kanwa /le
Hemu o ope e ume
HOLwm a r o y (masna hao) and(kea
VSuall u e b s
volcanoes ond h
Coposle Ln STa
amd vis
CoU o v e ndes1 hc: 1a v a
mo Cot Oud
m a k r a l tSme
ard oPne
Onns

ep- mt. Fuu, mH. Vesuvjus, m.Shombr

SHap oPe naples,3kly CThan la)
(ay 7traty)
okdea Cog
hes1 npove
emra foll on hel
T m called coldaya
 Page No.
Date
MA a thombes un ose vICinu
- lasitmMExo|Lkakal trdSmen
nd donanr (maaan
3 Geyses l i c a gwes duerd aku
fouumam f hot wader

ShoLQoo Souun C mame

yelC Slomo PCnR,SA

6)Hot SpmgsS mks

oy SinRs deep eMugtn to hated by
mANals e d fos heah
moe b u n d Ham g u e r
Cotous m Cuamo bacema

GeotneUa e e r PoRmto

MNER ALS AND ROCkS

phyysicat amd Chemical

mumunals howe dumuk
amd an be ox9amic ON OLOrgom
popemy
qemanaly 2 2 0y mo denmenk b u
Found
SOmetm oulone euke Cop Per, Sulphu, gtd,

Choaesno
n e n bxahs Un who hape
wage

ShaR Cunem CxtDis Lwhem p ouodenad

Haomins- m-TolC MaN-Diamard

sSpecjiegmav weL Makme

e h t ot me vef.ofuak
 Page No.
mp imervals ( FOPAmD Date

Felds þay Ceounmi u md las matime,Puldos pko

Si amd D
SoY. p t madedd
Luait
SDa+qoLmue O
Rodar , Rodbo

mOXeme
Amphubae Asbea rodS
Hoon onde spoudl frm
Aumnum, Colum hua
5MIa eous omd lemop ukh
6) a w n e ewellmp

Mama
ROCKS

O3gmeosRokg

7Cystallune Smutunne
No ossuls
NOo
l o u Cooluma
hen hick cnctels

gramue, aabbro
e o a l t , pimetle, delonmuR
recca f

Sedummermany RoxkS

hcaen by danudoen au
dayny iokuon
 Page No.
(28
Date
mechandally Osqaca lly Chemv@y
Soumda nes Geysense
mas konne ChaUR o Je
Shale Coc

Mtanmorphic Rock
namic meamepnsm Thiimmal damopnur
e m no Cppreuote ChewaQ|
ReystaUzahoD
namge

CoH
Teowe snaume hot
dmidimgova
Hene one A murak
Calld ahen meonon
Omqe Un *im

hem urae coleuvs Caoltd

ondmg
Cay SRate
umurone > ade SOmdutme uanlz
ghoe Schst us
Cbo saphuk
 Page No.
CONTINENTHL DRIFT Date

Hhem r h o o
Eany 8v)clenceby Abtaom Ordelus

leg
d wegner P hud thaom
o caom
pCv of Rondrnao ournha Jasa
omd
amd Yamgea Landmand
nondama and
D h d opat 200 mllon ueans ogp
aunowa
A her brakdom o tpday eYvnen

eVDeNCE
JigScw f
- Sedumamda oluposi gai es e s edan
alDdiahe tmmahy
Thck t l k on dua, falklamd 3tanda,
Andancha
m a , Madgasar duu,

3) SHones amd Lodes

o R Bmohm
Roddometnc cloung covla
oumhs OCass vost ocmm
om o

)Ploer dubogi
Chana but saume
od Bya
Caed at

Sfossiles
Lemu a rdua, radgo-xor ao Afi@- demun
Myorauas South ape, n a a d Bocirs
Smal not potseto Surm
ve
Veny

oOn Tidol r
otohom e eanh
2)
 Page No
AL CORREN Date
CoN VeCTION

y A ur h e m e
im maRe Cawe themal
S a u d soduoath ve matmal
amd u dual huaF
duume
Hemte poss b l h s Lomvecsn wute
enhne a m t e PoahoD

THEDRY
Hess m JD OcEAN SEA FLoOR SPRE AD

me
Volcamism at mud udge bumgumg newava
to Suau
both Sids shoto gmiuanwy m tmms
2) Pocks om
amd ape
Potarwy thencal Compoguhom
munanl Os diotOma m oae vmCrenoe
A
Mt muhyo
youmge Hham tsntumida
SedumAm Hum amd no (oay Rder H a s 0 o mullkr
b t mmd a n S halloo
Deep hme) doep eanquake
Lonsumed cd ench
OCam floor a t qus Puoned

PLATE TecTONIC

me me kemze omd Yaruker

a mami ve pee Sotd hoS phese that
Maves oves cumemgphe as umt
uDL phaR d uded urdo Seven major amd

Ssme mimor Plaks

Naos plale
Noh Americom plae Blu Canaubbeon ploe
Scuuth Amemom ploue Cocas

3Yaic plast Bw Naza plck

 Page No.
Date

ndo-Awtala plase P i Arsabam plase

Afrita plae
twona plae
Anton cha plae

U rplae
fhepenu plat
Caruelime ploie Poupua Neu Chuma, molona

fyi plae
t o o beljev Hhat cmgea wa tmuhal super
Conmambt t w a pant ong gung proons
os phere. evidene by palo maaneicum

ALED-mA NET)Sm

mometum oks alsrg mdge

amd v A e ogrehc l a
fana llal
mduam oxLan mda nomi -

orloberqS ndge
mtm
lava atomg plam

Rae o sea ftoor 99xodimg by age a

facie fostst boue

Sumooly
4amhe &oweLt Hot
dama)m

aup
P
moONTAI NNS
NTA
a n ea

ynp
l

FoRdmoumdawmS

mayhave velomicpeaukey
due to 0C Ca CuotsOken
marum lupots dua do LOynelu
ecnwmlem
 Page Nu

22)
Date
ClakMourdauns

ranban

NO+ t u e mountury
fblm hom faldlnmp
t Rhmelard m hemamy
B&aR {

VetcamG mMmaum
Rmdo meudams
u damuclasn SuDUrdima a y
m due
DooLs e e uwumBaum/Roea
Scamdnowa ghkonmds

PLATEA US

Hugnlomds wm euem&iue Jowl 9Uxpa

OTeconc plaas |dumoname plakau

Ve{VeR comc plakou
-Deccam plaeau
Doeecl platae Caunimg OLnop Camyons
Randual plakau
PLA) NS

Aoo a lamds
Best 6 uman habtaten
mat populaded ane cue t ucd plasns
 Page No
Date
DSuchuol plomg mdununbed by tetoric a
p &moil plauns -bnvor, aus5lous
esYol poms -by au,duero
hu p a s ane Ca lLd, peme plaug

VoLCANI`m

t o m d s m but aUDOCLad untn movemrd

omu plcue amd tyPe ef mtnahom bleo Hhem

O0-o 0 -C cSmvevuSD
amd

u p t m of bapalt |4ndena
voRcome Jslamds m D0 amd
fomauom o
um 0-C
moumtaume a t coautal gum
vcanic

medutuvrneam vocamub m
braemg moudaumeam ploles umb muihple pat
Caune um mtatm

mimoYeaHnquak

en m
nds1 hC euphom
mudutCuUmeam Veshge y ethys Seq

Hot Spot vol

combes
1 utambiamds, kamhata,
MaLuDw
p-
Cluehone plou
Cou v e P

E ARTHQUAKE

Crahm S t a e ms
v)
-
celluus
0-o, 0-c, C-c bt d frouhun desn
-0 duvergimme
medutaamRam
OA Joud above
Tramo uenA m o v e m e m t

u m a m md ucnd
 Page No.
Date
OcE ANOG RAPHy

Dader '

Ocean C%}aie87 (naumdunter< tatao

OcEANIC SoTTDm

Oceamonunand mankn OCmmfto

moR
OC m a n
Carmendef

ShoQlowestPaut Solm Cornan

Depm 20om &ope
Avenage widh 8o m
a n o r uoat maam - Sloema
phoht zone (mlgd)
Hence Camonl
maume Rpe photmboa
Sedumem fvm Romd - ttrruganouD Provde fod pr o u

Rapoun

907 peeluum Ricewe

BaLemt Sea nOs pelRum oewe&
Bu oppos tuomr n pege
Cld Ranbou uos

ATehc OCLan
NeL ate sm &urvpe to Rumo
but oqule ecos ypem
Ahe Coumu
 Date

Suepnu
o y fourol
Cou e mexjcD -almosH rnsnopt

H plaars dapos
wOwe eruode beauk ro
malema tom umroo
ROwy
gotd, Z«Sum (Brm )
e- moaruwe sard,

1en
Caf eum highly
msotuble So ange dapos m

6) foh am peorls

Conhmemal S)ope

Comy oms -Denmask S¥at

agt atfal
cnmental Roe
+Txmthts m

Hndbon anyon most pomumemt

OCeA PLOOR

Timumdous diverihy m landforn

0Seanneumt CuoB
modrdeum wthpemkdsurru
Same bu unthenedt4
ConotEo top
ard have
erpew toPp due DEw 6)
Haunuam m o d

m u d

o n m e r s (tUugmDus mauw (boinow

epoCIB fom
Depoc1 ooze
(mbgonu) la
amd Sals Omo munias
lay
modle c t
Pely matalc Nocllu (Pmn) mamage
opn o - 6 Km Saphude
 -Undar munsm tarh oan
-PmN are freupuake of hot n d s o o n0grmo
Date
3 4 )

-
nilially Roud n
kana Sea butrdao
Oceam amd Coem Paeußic ocearn ane etonom all
Uhouble
-dia e cowed PISneAn Snuesbx Stutusom
UNCLOS
hao bem eplonng u t h Soutn kota

UNCLObS
UN COn vemhuo m odouus ap Sea
1Deds masutme boumcany
n mkumauomaR Seabed auhon iD deud e&z
RRcorso SeRemAm
uewivmment poBch'on ¬ez
>lsnhauous z e
217emadSea

ISLANDS

D Crumemta s a d s fart tomttment

vol canC a o s cellmon a d ho pot
O-0
Somd ban amuulabtm Samd
- e - dong stamd (uok)
CorroePass
CORL REEFS
ndicahve hath e bioc vety
m o y ao a m
 Conals dags
whkh duu
ane
flushy Sea petyps, one sevdg
to obulth to seoue Cal cuum a s b
ive J u e to
Cora oas
me Menaon cus Ove amotme phokitek o
Bro hc JLelahooup wrth md UosLopIc plam-zooKon
Zoosanmhlo povid fbod io Cosol and torak provid

PDechO

Con DiT]ON

>90c -So Cmmd ho toplol and subtopi regiom

n l e o o t l u n wost a s westrm ucout
ave CoRd c u U A m t

plalem o J e u v e duet sumlghht

Shalloo
e l mouth ov tubuleo
oatn- hemte no
Sathsh
a
Cuncohon nukuRMt °ich waer

whem Lend ng one not met,

Cona bReachimg
corals hema r e looks wh
ZooKamhloe epel

PoRmAT DN
Conkmuou rulay lomom
Yama rea- 1) snne
O anoud Ulama o

b u t not uocla
2) lagoon
om seoLwond sdadue o
)Ropd grrouh

Boruun
forhol Submungamme
) Cap-bemplak f ghups
5uoidum Jago0m
 u ef puwdy hu Hon eas PageNo.
(38 Date
Atael )Cncuular um Shape
Cple suomingnse e dard,
REPSON POR DESTRUCI DN

QR spulls
9mmat m em -|a m r Dev rgmend pu
MoTiON Of w ATER C oOvelet

Waveg Palo

CunClan notton
SRacy amd glou uoave are Rder maams Hhy
maed far fumg pla
Cowy O c n e m appMadhes Shon due tofuhm
w t Sea looOr

nengnd Lwauelemgtn, wave byeas

OceAN cORRENTS

oge nmames o Sula watn Hat nuulase m

Sgulan Paubterm Ounnowmd otam

ACTORS
Temperahve qradaed COus O m wak tO
emponed arnd ced uau onbact, Ca heuhd
sodumt omd w a Fousom slope

wd -

fellouo aun Cunckaronpallty

Salumuy uakr twatr Saluma so
So Plous m
plows on
ugau to folanrome uiCe vensa
 ng as D Seas nomad, duwe to brouon Souwnd Sanga
Caud ouL unamie Page No.
Date

Grauby -ughr a oles So egnt o e s ,

hence

touw touconos poley

) Cormok e j e

UocwUnm w v m t fUouOs on w e t t a r coost m

muddie ower l a u d y amd on Kason o ast on
aher Aahude nd&muuarky cod urvut on
eactm oos+ o ower lahhue tauamg upuels
amd dustuong eMeut amd Louo dunal nsamge

wnw uOU n uuunt amd tod vwmt mAot ae

auourd but por tordon 6v Shuppung
ood shumg
due o mut 1 ) N e u f a u n d lond - labroctov+ au sha

sko
apam- kuos hyo(wasm)|
)Falkeand Ivamd-Bvazukhan tewm)HOMA
foekland uuverdt
NAD

efound Tukeby
Ctumbu
Cyuuy
a 9 y

r a kypain.gn

Cangx SA rdant

ayaner w

eakio amo Ptalblan

Deaukma eu 3emam Humodt - YenuiAlon a
B t n g u l a - N a n m u b a

Mowe
S cuhoro ) Capona- Sonava
Como
(190 TIDES o)oouo ama Rup

Roe omd fall vm e u g t ef uwakr oluue to groue

ahsna

r Sum Omd moom.

moon Mo m p btng cdoses so 9ray

Conhnugo r e proclul ee aunkr bulge
ictabte e CaDe eernh-mOm- Posthn Pdaak
Sum
h e n tdus ane produ ced on Ramd or b o
wh uwme, Shape, hen Cotid 6dal cuuns
whem uens aun l o u mg,Hnem ocuan wakr
Rouas oppos1 Be to iven loo bing uke oall ,calud
d e beres me whem Jvege narmas cumd r 0

Surqes One dknemt Pom Hols betau produ ud

mehaekog ita leus
Rumd couy Canada amd bay Carwbouy ughut
DIumal soumae 12 mi duue to mo6ms ousm otadon

Spumg Tidsf Neap das

Syz9 posi ton wadsatune po&uh

2 e 4 das vem 4 da
moon,
) caruh, Sum-one Rine 1 ho eau o he
u nheme oo/hgn hole
)ouwer hah h'ole nd
wghir Loo ada
Apogge thdes -
Smlua o
Neaapthdu t du D
peugee hola.
m
begoruHur not Sun
CPP tD Apogee

eruhetuon| Apheum- Due to Swns duoteumu u, nd

Deolhahon Cmdemovoul dunt

ps lam emks hal Tulol ean
 Page No.
TemPERATURË ate (141)

dohude
dne odordrs
Noh Hemapnene ocam mot uwasmer

5) Upw ellurg ovnd Dounwellmp

O a m AULRm

5) Emclosed Sea tm tropical Xqm mo oome Oa veveo

quaor not mas wam u uoh obove beto }

counoRR drd dod tover opePKa

2
Summs
m tmpenale ondy
Scom o t m ptas
n o u m hopre (ewaornveyunsp
pdarTunmmocno

SAUNITY of OcE AN
eom Ralibdo
KalibuGo
Osuay Salnh d u o
wates
e m salt
m
ams
So Rmam apeyeapowd)
Caamd Sodwm
uaot Sotubkt
Avg Satmy 35 ppt
Bsh wan plow amd 9Ra us
o bay Bemgal le thanhabhe
vaporam
sO pRa Sakme Ham equabr
Rae mOL Solume betoune ouPal
abve
bu egualor o t
nreoe Salmuh
usomm
uuRt

shoukd be m o x Saline bad m

henmopnut
Noteam

Souhrm homueph
has feut uetnlnas aHadtunama
homce
mox Salnuhy
evoporaon
o
sea av Rotuhudl ugh calunky betaw um
Cnkos
mo mumg akR hone
P a cuhc mo* ope So
tonoamh saknily h c o
o e ammual ramga mp
 Date
Narnh Sea mopue of ghen lahhde due o
nonh Aamhe dup+ has
Augh galiuhy
Mas
Rak Sea d u o emomau oche u
Low Salmty
mnan unh oluptn be tau law Saum
Salumuy
wat or oves gm uoeuer
halocli
Suddn chage um Salunuh-
Red Sea uanly Solne

(2 Anmdoathc Cunumpstar Cuwwnt CACO

west Uund. dutt
OLam wruumt Hhat RouProm u t to eot
huoughou yean arnoumd han cha
murA nD Oashuoy
3t Rarugest becau
ard
movee hot waky m monhia r d
maumun Ju benas

Rone sf nanh Omvengimn a u whon

r uOcmar vouer e low-e a ee me
un C u a r d A M A a u a Caimma upueo
Owd hand
buam okli
e womal coumur- cnents
eoo m d u u o n oppovd d Sunka mou
bu beom oeaR
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