‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ۔۔‪3‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺇﻧﺎﺛﺎ ﻭﲰﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﻼﺋ‪‬ﻜﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻤﻦﹺ ﺇﹺﻧﺎﺛﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﺷ‪‬ﻬﹺﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﹶﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻜﹾﺘ‪‬ﺐ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺌﹶﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪) :‬ﻟﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻠ‪‬ﺪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹶﺪ‪.(‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺟ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﹾﻤ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎﺋ‪‬ﻜﹶﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻫ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎﺀِ‬
‫ﺇﹺﻳ‪‬ﺎﻛﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﻧﹺﻬﹺﻢ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﻞﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻛﹾﺜﹶﺮ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ‪ ‬ﺆﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﷲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﻐ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺮﹺ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹾﻢ ٖ◌ ۖ◌ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺤ‪ٰ‬ﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪‬ۥ ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪ٰ‬ﻞ۪ﻱٰ ﻋ‪‬ﻤ‪ّ‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹸﻮﺍﹾ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻛﹶﺂﺀَ ۟ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺠﹺﻦ‪ ّ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹶﻘﹶﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ۖ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪ّ‬ﻗﹸﻮﺍﹾ ﻟﹶﻪ‪‬ۥ ﺑ‪‬ﻨﹺﲔ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪ۢ ٰ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻔﹸﻮﻥﹶۖ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻀﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪) :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻫ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎﺗ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻜﹸﻨﺎ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺮ‪.(‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻭﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺤ‪‬ﺎﻓ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ (10) ‬ﺃﹶﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻈﹶﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﺨ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓﹰ )‪(11‬‬
‫ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﻲﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻌ‪‬ﻈﹶﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻲ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴﻢ‪ (78) ‬ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﻴﹺﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﺃﹶﻧ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺄﹶﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﻭﻝﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻮ‪ ‬ﺑﹺﻜﹸﻞﱢ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹾﻖﹴ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴﻢ‪(79) ‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺸﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻈﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺤﺎﺀ ﻓﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪ :‬ﺃﳛﻴﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪ " :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﳝﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﳛﻴﻴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻚ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ " ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ " ﻳﺲ "‬
 ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ۔۔‪3‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ‪‬ﻳﺆ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺇﹺﺫﹾ ﺟ‪‬ﺎﺀَﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﻬ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ )‪ (94‬ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻟﹶﻮ‪ ‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﹾﺄﹶﺭ‪‬ﺽﹺ ﻣ‪‬ﻠﹶﺎﺋ‪‬ﻜﹶﺔﹲ ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﻄﹾﻤ‪‬ﺌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﲔ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻨ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻟﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻴ‪‬ﻬﹺﻢ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀِ ﻣ‪‬ﻠﹶﻜﹰﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ )‪(95‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺎﻝﹺ ﻫ‪‬ﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻝﹺ ‪‬ﻳﺄﹾﻛﹸﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻲ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺄﹶﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺍﻕﹺ ﻟﹶﻮ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﺃﹸﻧ‪‬ﺰﹺﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻠﹶﻚ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﻴ‪‬ﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﻧ‪‬ﺬ‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ )‪(7‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹶﺒ‪‬ﻠﹶﻚ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﹾﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﲔ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺇﹺﻧ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﻴ‪‬ﺄﹾﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺄﹶﺳ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺍﻕﹺ ﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻀ‪‬ﻜﹸﻢ‪ ‬ﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪ ‬ﻌﺾﹴ ﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺔﹰ‬
‫ﺃﹶﺗ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﺒﹺﺮ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ ﻭ‪‬ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻚ‪ ‬ﺑ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﺍ )‪(20‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺁﻳ‪‬ﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴ‪‬ﻞﹸ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺲ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﺸ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺲﹺ ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﹾﻘﹶﻤ‪‬ﺮﹺ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻟ‪‬ﻠﱠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﺧ‪‬ﻠﹶﻘﹶﻬ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻥﹾ‬
‫ﻛﹸ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﻳ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ‬ﺗ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻭﻥﹶ )‪(37‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ )ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ۔ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﺰﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺤﺐ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺰﺍﺝ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﺍﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﻮﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﺒﺄ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﻮﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﲜﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻧﱯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﻗﻮﻡ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﲰﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻳﻦ ﲰﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ۔۔‪3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﺮﺟﺤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﻜﺮﺍ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ )ﺯﺭﺍﺩﺷﺚ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﳑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﱐ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﴰﻠﺖ ﺩﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﺣﻨﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﻳﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﺂﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺌﲔ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ۔‬
‫ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ – ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺵ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﺼﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ – ﻭﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢ – ﻛﺄﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺟﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺘﺤﻨﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﳒﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ﻫﻠﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻳﺘﺮﺟﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻷﺥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺳﺆﺍﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻓﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ) ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺬﱢﺑﹺﲔ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻻﹰ ( ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪/‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ ، 15‬ﻓﻠﺘﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺰﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪: -‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻳﻘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺿﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫" ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ " ) ‪. ( 58 / 5‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ – ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ‪: -‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺘﺤﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﳍﻢ ﻧﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺬﱢﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
 ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ۔۔‪3‬‬

‫ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ "‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ " ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫" ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ " ) ‪. ( 246 / 3‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ‪ ...‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ ﺃﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻨﻤﻲ ﺑﲏ ﻏﻨﻢﹴ ﺃﺯﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻫﺒﻼﹰ ﺃﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﺎﹰ ‪ ...‬ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﺇﺫ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ ﺻﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺯ‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻜﹶﻠﱠﻒ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ ﻛﺎﻓ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ ﻓﺤ‪‬ﻜﻤ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﻜﻤ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴﺎ؛ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳﻐ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻞﹸ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻠﱠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺪﻓﹶﻦ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮﹺ ﺍﳌﹸﺴﻠ‪‬ﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲِ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﺤﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﻮﻝﹺ‬
‫ﷲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﷲُ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﺌ‪‬ﻞﹶ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﹸﺸﺮﹺﻛﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪)) :‬ﺍﷲُ ﺃﻋﻠﹶﻢ‪ ‬ﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﲔ (( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
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‫ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﹾﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥﱠ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﷲِ ﺳ‪‬ﺒﺤﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻈﻬ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﳓﻮ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻄﻠﹶﺐ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺩ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻨ‪‬ﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻ‪‬ﺤ‪‬ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚﹸ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﱯ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﷲُ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻠﹸﻐ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺩﻋﻮﺓﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣ‪‬ﻜﻤ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻛﺄﻃﻔﺎﻝﹺ ﺍﳌﹸﺸﺮﹺﻛﲔ؛ ﻟﻘﹶﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﷲِ ﻋﺰ‪ ‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻞﱠ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹸﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺬﱢﺑﹺﲔ‪ ‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺚﹶ‬
‫ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮﻟﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻ‪‬ﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝﹺ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﳓﻮﹺﻫﻢ ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﹸﻐ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮﺓﹸ ﺍﻹﳍﻴ‪‬ﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺦﹺ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡﹺ ﺍﺑﻦﹺ ﺗﻴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﱠﺎﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻦﹺ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻴ‪‬ﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﹶﻒ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳋﹶﻠﹶﻒ‪ ،‬ﺭﲪﺔﹸ ﺍﷲِ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ(‬