07/05/2020

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Nguyen Van Minh

Faculty of Food Technology
Nha Trang University
E-mail: minhnv@ntu.edu.vn

What is a pump?

 A pump is a machine used to move liquid through a piping system

and to raise the pressure of the liquid.

 A pump can be further defined as a machine that uses several

energy transformations to increase the pressure of a liquid.

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What is a pump?

 The energy input into the pump is typically the energy source
used to power the driver.

 Most commonly, this is electricity used to power an electric motor.

 Alternative forms of energy used to power the driver include high-

pressure steam to drive a steam turbine, fuel oil to power a diesel
engine, high-pressure hydraulic fluid to power a hydraulic motor,
and compressed air to drive an air motor

Why increase a liquid’s pressure?

 There are actually three distinct reasons for raising the pressure
of a liquid with a pump, plus another related factor.

 Static elevation: A liquid’s pressure must be increased to

raise the liquid from one elevation to a higher elevation. This
might be necessary, for example, to move liquid from one floor
of a building to a higher floor, or to pump liquid up a hill.

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Why increase a liquid’s pressure?

 There are actually three distinct reasons for raising the pressure
of a liquid with a pump, plus another related factor.

 Friction: It is necessary to increase the pressure of a liquid to

move the liquid through a piping system and overcome
frictional losses. Liquid moving through a system of pipes,
valves, and fittings experiences frictional losses along the
way. These losses vary with the geometry and material of the
pipe, valves, and fittings, with the viscosity and density of the
liquid, and with the flow rate.

Why increase a liquid’s pressure?

 There are actually three distinct reasons for raising the pressure
of a liquid with a pump, plus another related factor.

 Pressure: In some systems, it is necessary to increase the

pressure of the liquid for process reasons. In addition to
moving the liquid over changes in elevation and through a
piping system, the pressure of a liquid must often be
increased to move the liquid into a pressurized vessel, such
as a boiler or fractionating tower, or into a pressurized
pipeline, or it may be necessary to overcome a vacuum in the
supply vessel.

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Why increase a liquid’s pressure?

 There are actually three distinct reasons for raising the pressure
of a liquid with a pump, plus another related factor.

 Pressure: In some systems, it is necessary to increase the

pressure of the liquid for process reasons. In addition to
moving the liquid over changes in elevation and through a
piping system, the pressure of a liquid must often be
increased to move the liquid into a pressurized vessel, such
as a boiler or fractionating tower, or into a pressurized
pipeline, or it may be necessary to overcome a vacuum in the
supply vessel.

Pressure and Head

 Pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi, sometimes

simply called “pounds”) if U.S. Customary System (USCS) units
are used.

 In SI (metric) units, the equivalent units for pressure are

kilopascal (kPa), bar, or kilograms per square centimeter
(kg/cm2).

 whereas the equivalent units for head are meters (m).

Head =

= (m)

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Classification of Pump

 Positive displacement pumps/Bơm thể tích:

 Screw pumps/Bơm trục vít

 Gear pumps/Bơm bánh răng

 Vane pumps/Bơm cánh gạt

 Piston pumps/Bơm piston

 Lobe pumps/Bơm cánh thùy

 Centrifugal pumps/Bơm ly tâm

Classification of Pump

Gear pump/Bơm bánh răng

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Classification of Pump

Vane pump/Bơm cánh trượt

Classification of Pumps

Lobe pump/Bơm cánh thùy

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Classification of Pumps

Piston pump/Bơm piston

Centrifugal Pump

 Structure of centrifugal pump:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Structure of centrifugal pump: Centrifugal pump has two main

components: an impeller and a stationary casing, housing, or
volute.

Centrifugal Pump

 Impeller/Bánh guồng (bánh công tác): There are three major

classes of mechanical designs for centrifugal pump impellers:
semi-open, open and closed.

 The distinction between these two impeller types has nothing to

do with the impeller specific speed, head/flow characteristics, or
number and shape of impeller vanes.

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Centrifugal Pump

 Impeller/Bánh guồng (bánh công tác): There are three major

classes of mechanical designs for centrifugal pump impellers:
open, semi-open and closed.

Semi-open impeller

Centrifugal Pump

 A stationary casing, housing, or volute enclosing the

impeller:

 The casing shape is designed to reduce the velocity as the

fluid leaves the impeller, and this decrease in kinetic energy is
converted into an increase in pressure.

 The volute-shaped casing with its increase area in the

direction of flow, is used to produce an essentially uniform
velocity distribution as the fluid moves around the casing into
the discharge opening.

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Centrifugal Pump

 A stationary casing, housing, or volute enclosing the

impeller:

Centrifugal Pump

 A stationary casing, housing, or volute enclosing the

impeller:

What video

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Centrifugal Pump

 Operation of centrifugal pump:

 As the impeller rotates, fluid is sucked in through the eye of

the casing and flows radially outward.

 Energy is added to the fluid by the rotating blades, and both

pressure and absolute velocity are increased as the fluid lows
from the eye to the periphery of the blades.

Centrifugal Pump

 Operation of the centrifugal pump:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Operation of the centrifugal pump:

What video

Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal pump in system:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal pump in system:

Centrifugal Pump

 Centrifugal pump in system:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Total head/Chiều cao áp suất toàn phần: Total head is the sum
of total static head, friction head, pressure head and velocity
head.

 Toal static head (TSH)/Chiều cao hình học: Total static head is
the total elevation change that the liquid must undergo. In most
cases, static head is normally measured from the surface of the
liquid in the supply vessel to the surface of the liquid in the vessel
where the liquid is being delivered.

Centrifugal Pump

 Total static head (TSH)/chiều cao hình học:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Total static head (TSH)/chiều cao hình học:

Centrifugal Pump

 Total static head (TSH)/chiều cao hình học:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Total static head (TSH)/chiều cao hình học:

Centrifugal Pump

 Total static head (TSH)/chiều cao hình học:

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Centrifugal Pump

 Static suction lift (SSL)/Chiều cao hút của bơm ly tâm: The
distance measured vertically the intake of the pump or the pump
is placed above the surface of the liquid in the suction tank.

 Static suction head (SSH)/Chiều cao (cột áp) hút tĩnh: The
distance measured vertically the pump is placed below the
surface of the liquid in the suction tank.

 Static discharge head (SDH)/Chiều cao (cột áp) đẩy tĩnh: The
distance measured vertically the pump is placed below the
surface of the liquid in the discharge tank.

Centrifugal Pump

TSH = SDH + SSL

TSH = SDH - SSH

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