Lesson 1 nav2
These are large scale charts used when navigating in close
1. It is a representation of a portion of the earth surface, but
has been design for use in navigation.
- a. Charts
2. It is a representation of some parts of the earth’s surface that
shows political boundaries, physical features, cities and towns
and other geographical information.
- b. Maps
3. It represents hydrographic data, providing very detailed
information on water depths, shoreline, tide predictions,
obstructions to navigation such as rocks and shipwrecks and
navigational aids.
- c. Nautical Charts
4. It shows elevations, obstructions prominent landmarks,
airports, aids to navigation and other information that are
important to air navigation.
- d. Aeronautical Charts
5. These Charts are small scale charts which are used mainly
for deep sea navigation and for this reason its coastal details
such as rocks, shoals that lining the shore are not depicted
- a. Ocean Charts (BA and DMAHTC)
6.
proximity to the coast which are many details of the coast is
depicted.
- b. Coastal Charts (BA and DMAHTC)
7. These are very large scale chart on which are depicted
detailed information of small areas such harbors rivers
estuaries, etc.
- c. Plan Charts (BA), Harbor Charts (DMAHTC)
_8. It includes all charts which are not involved in the other
three classes, which include gnomonic charts for facilitating
great circle sailing, variation charts, route charts weather
charts, etc.
- d. Miscellaneous Charts
9. It is often illustrated as a projection on to a cylinder which is
said to be “conformal” which means that the angles are
correctly represented and the scale is the same in all directions
from any point.
- a. Mercator Projection
10. These projection are developed onto a series of Cones
tangent to the earth and its uses separate Cones for each
parallel of latitude.
- b. Polyconic Projection
11. These map projection is typically based on two standard
parallels, but it can also be defined with a single standard
parallel and scale factor.
- c Lambert Conformal Projection
12. It is an azimuth projection that uses the center of the earth
as its perspective points and projects great circles as a straight
lines, regardless of the aspects.
- d Gnomonic Projection
13. This unit is a simple ratio of fraction in scales of charts. For
example 1:200,000 or 1/200,000
- Natural or Fractional Scale
14.This is the scale that is stated n descriptive terms or a
statement but a given distance in the earth equals to a given
measure on the chart or vice versa.
- b Numerical or Equivalent Scales
15. This is a line or bar that may be drawn at a convenient
place on the chart and subdivided into nautical miles,
kilometers, yards, meters, etc.
- c. Graphic Scales
16. This scale refer to the graduated meridians and graduated
parallels that are found in the four boarders of the charts.
- d. Latitude and Longitude Scale
17.What is the scale of Sailing Charts published by the National
Ocean Service of the United States?
- a. 1: 600,000 and smaller
18. What is the scales of General Charts published by the
National Ocean Service of the United States?
- b. 1: 150,000 and 1: 600,000
19. What is the scales of Coast Charts published by the
National Ocean Service of the United States?
- c. 1:50,000 to 1: 150,000
20. What is the scales of Harbor Charts published by the
National Ocean Service of the United States?
- d. Scale larger than 1: 50,000
21. This blocks includes the title of the charts and a statement
of the projection used.
- a. Title Block
22. These notes will relate to such topics as regularly restriction,
cautions, and warnings, unusual magnetic conditions, etc.
- b. Chart Notes
23. All charts BA, DMAHTC or Canadian Charts employ color in
distinguished various kinds of information such as deep water
and land areas. This color is called:
- c. Used of the color on the charts
24. In almost all sources of charts vertical lettering identifies
features that are dry at high waters submerged and floating
hydrographic features (except depths of water) are identified 29. These features are shown for both water and land areas.
by learning or slanting letters. This lettering is called: - d. Man-made Features
- d. Lettering Styles
30. It is printed on most charts to make the process of laying
25. In most charts water areas having equal depths are down and taking off courses and bearings easy for the
connected by lines known as contour lines and are generally navigator.
termed as depth curves and the depth of water are shown as - a. Compass Rose
many small numbers in roman types. This features is called:
- a. Water features

26. It is and information on the composition of the sea bottom

such as mud, sand, rocks, coral, clay, etc., is of interest to the
mariners specially when anchoring.
- b Character of the Sea Bottom

27. It is a steep coast or a rocky coast and other natures of

coastlines such as cliffs or marshy areas or vegetation
extending out into the water are noted by symbols and
abbreviation.
- c. Features of the shoreline

28. These is generally limited only to features that is useful to the

navigator to assist him in establishing his position and directing
his vessels movement safely.
- d. Features of the shoreline