CEMA NO.

353-2014
CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual
Approved: September 17, 2014

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SHAFTLESS

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SCREW CONVEYOR

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MANUAL
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Provided by the Members

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of the
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Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator Section

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of the
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Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association

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as a service to the industry

ISBN - 1-891171-49-6
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

DISCLAIMER

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The information provided herein is advisory only.

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These recommendations provided by CEMA are general in nature and are not intended as a substitute

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for professional advice. Users should seek the advice, supervision and/or consultation of qualified

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engineers, safety consultants, and other qualified professionals.

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Any use of this publication, or any information contained herein, or any other CEMA publication is

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made with the agreement and understanding that the user and the user’s company assume full

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responsibility for the designs, safety, specifications, suitability and adequacy of any conveyor system,

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system component, mechanical or electrical device designed or manufactured using this information.
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The user and the user’s company understand and agree that CEMA, its member companies, its
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officers, agents and employees are not and shall not be liable in any manner under any theory of
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liability to anyone for reliance on or use of these recommendations. The user and the user’s companies
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agree to release, hold harmless and indemnify and defend CEMA, its member companies, successors,
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assigns, officers, agents and employees from any and all claims of liability, costs, fees (including
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attorney’s fees), or damages arising in any way out of the use of this information.
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CEMA and its member companies, successors, assigns, officers, agents and employees make no
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representations or warranties whatsoever, either expressed or implied, about the information contained
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herein, including, but not limited to, representations or warranties that the information and
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recommendations contained herein conform to any federal, state or local laws, regulations, guidelines
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or ordinances.
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Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association

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5672 Strand Ct, Suite 2

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Naples, Florida 34110-3314

www.cemanet.org
Copyright © 2014

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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DESCRIPTION PAGE

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SECTION A - SAFETY ata 1
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SECTION B - INSTALLATION 4
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SECTION C - OPERATION 10
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SECTION D - MAINTENANCE 11
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SECTION E - SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE 12

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SECTION F - TROUBLESHOOTING 15
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BOLT TORQUE GUIDE 16

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

INTRODUCTION

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The Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator Engineering Committee of the CEMA (Conveyor Equipment

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Manufacturers Association) Engineering Conference was assigned the task of bringing together, under one

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cover, the accumulated experience of many individuals and their companies in an effort to provide a common

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basis for the safety, operation and maintenance of screw conveyors.

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The CEMA Safety, Operation and Maintenance Manual contains instructions for the safe installation, operation

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and maintenance of screw conveyors. The reliability and service life depend on the proper care taken while

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installing and preparing the equipment for its intended use.

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Read ALL instructions in this manual and manufacturer’s manuals BEFORE installing, operating and

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maintaining the equipment.
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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION A - SAFETY

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Screw conveyor safety begins with a plan that considers every possible danger and potential hazard.

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Operation and maintenance personnel must be thoroughly trained in safe operating procedures, recognition

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of possible hazards, and maintenance of a safe area around screw conveyors.

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CEMA has a comprehensive safety program that includes:

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• Warning and Safety Reminder for Screw Conveyors, Drag Conveyors and Bucket Elevators

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(CEMA Document: SC2004-01)

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• CEMA Safety Label Brochure (CEMA Document: 201)

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• CEMA Safety Label Placement Guidelines:

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- Screw Conveyor (CEMA Document: SC-2)
- Vertical Screw Conveyor (CEMA Document: SC-3)
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• Screw Conveyor Safety Poster (CEMA Screw Conveyor Safety Poster)
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• Screw Conveyor, Drag Conveyor and Bucket Elevator Safety Video (CEMA Document: AV6)
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This video describes key safety practices that personnel must follow when operating and
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maintaining screw conveyors, drag conveyors and bucket elevators.

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Screw conveyor accidents can be avoided by implementation and enforcement of an in-plant safety program.
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A number of safety precautions are included in this manual. Carefully study and follow the safety precautions.
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Remember - accidents are usually caused by negligence or carelessness.

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual
WARNING AND SAFETY REMINDERS FOR
SCREW , DRAG , AND BUCKET ELEVATOR CONVEYORS
APPROVED FOR DISTRIBUTION BY THE SCREW CONVEYOR SECTION OF THE
CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (CEMA)
It is the responsibility of the contractor,
installer, owner and user to install, maintain
and operate the conveyor, components and,
conveyor assemblies in such a manner as to
comply with the Occupational Safety and
Health Act and with all state and local laws
and ordinances and the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) B20.1 Safety Code.
In order to avoid an unsafe or hazardous
condition, the assemblies or parts must be
installed and operated in accordance with the
following minimum provisions.
1. Conveyors shall not be operated unless
all covers and/or guards for the conveyor and
drive unit are in place. If the conveyor is to be
opened for inspection cleaning, maintenance
or observation, the electric power to the
motor driving the conveyor must be LOCKED
OUT in such a manner that the conveyor
cannot be restarted by anyone; however
remote from the area, until conveyor cover
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or guards and drive guards have been properly
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replaced.
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2. If the conveyor must have an open
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housing as a condition of its use and
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application, the entire conveyor is then to be
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guarded by a railing or fence in accordance
with ANSI standard B20.1.(Request current
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3. Feed openings for shovel, front loaders
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or other manual or mechanical equipment
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shall be constructed in such a way that the
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conveyor opening is covered by a grating. If
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the nature of the material is such that a
grating cannot be used, then the exposed
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section of the conveyor is to be guarded by a
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railing or fence and there shall be a warning
sign posted.
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4. Do not attempt any maintenance or
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repairs of the conveyor until power has been
LOCKED OUT.
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5. Always operate conveyor in accordance
with these instructions and those contained
on the caution labels affixed to the
equipment.
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6. Do not place hands, feet, or any part of
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your body, in the conveyor.
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other than that for which it was intended.
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9. Do not poke or prod material into the
conveyor with a bar or stick inserted through
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10. Keep area around conveyor drive and
control station free of debris and obstacles.
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11. Eliminate all sources of stored energy
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(materials or devices that could cause
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conveyor components to move without power
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applied) before opening the conveyor
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12. Do not attempt to clear a jammed
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conveyor until power has been LOCKED OUT.
13. Do not attempt field modification of
conveyor or components.
14. Conveyors are not normally
manufactured or designed to handle materials
that are hazardous to personnel. These
materials which are hazardous include those
that are explosive, flammable, toxic or
otherwise dangerous to personnel. Conveyors
may be designed to handle these materials.
Conveyors are not manufactured or designed
to comply with local, state or federal codes
for unfired pressure vessels. If hazardous
materials are to be conveyed or if the
conveyor is to be subjected to internal or
external pressure, manufacturer should be
consulted prior to any modifications.
CEMA insists that disconnecting and locking
out the power to the motor driving the unit
provides the only real protection against
injury. Secondary safety devices are available;
however, the decision as to their need and the
type required must be made by the owner-
assembler as we have no information
regarding plant wiring, plant environment,
the interlocking of the screw conveyor with
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CEMA Document: SC 2004-01
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other equipment, extent of plant automation,
etc. Other devices should not be used as a
substitute for locking out the power prior to
removing guards or covers. We caution that
use of the secondary devices may cause
employees to develop a false sense of security
and fail to lock out power before removing
covers or guards. This could result in a serious
injury should the secondary device fail or
malfunction.
There are many kinds of electrical devices for
interlocking of conveyors and conveyor
systems such that if one conveyor in a system
or process is stopped other equipment
feeding it, or following it can also be
automatically stopped.
Electrical controls, machinery guards, railings,
walkways, arrangement of installation,
training of personnel, etc., are necessary
ingredients for a safe working place. It is the
responsibility of the contractor, installer,
owner and user to supplement the materials
and services furnished with these necessary
items to make the conveyor installation
comply with the law and accepted standards.
Conveyor inlet and discharge openings are
designed to connect to other equipment or
machinery so that the flow of material into
and out of the conveyor is completely
enclosed.
One or more warning labels should be visible
on conveyor housings, conveyor covers and
elevator housings. If the labels attached to the
equipment become illegible, please order
replacement warning labels from the OEM or
CEMA.
The Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers
Association (CEMA) has produced an audio-
visual presentation entitled “Safe Operation
of Screw Conveyors, Drag Conveyors, and
Bucket Elevators.” CEMA encourages
acquisition and use of this source of safety
information to supplement your safety
program.
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR SAFETY LABELS
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

CEMA Safety Labels

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The CEMA safety labels shown below should be used on screw conveyors, drag conveyors, and bucket

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elevators. Safety labels should be placed on inlets, discharges, troughs, covers, inspection doors & drive

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guards. See CEMA Safety Label Placement Guidelines on CEMA Web Site: http://www.cemanet.org

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Exposed moving

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LOCK OUT POWER

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before removing

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CHR930001 guard http://www.cemanet.org

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Walking or standing on
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CVS930010 CVS930012
gratings can cause
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severe injury
Exposed conveyors
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and moving parts Exposed buckets and

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STAY OFF
CHS991026 http://www.cemanet.org can cause severe moving parts can
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injury cause severe injury

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LOCK OUT POWER

WARNING LOCK OUT POWER
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before removing before removing

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Exposed screw and cover or servicing cover or servicing

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moving parts can cause

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severe injury http://www.cemanet.org http://www.cemanet.org

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LOCK OUT POWER

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cover or servicing
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CHR930011 http://www.cemanet.org
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PROMINENTLY DISPLAY THESE SAFETY LABELS

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ON INSTALLED EQUIPMENT
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Note: Labels alone do not substitute for a thorough in-plant safety

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training program centered on the hazards associated with operating

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your installed equipment. CVS930011

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Contact CEMA or Your Equipment Manufacturer Exposed screw and

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for Replacement Labels moving parts can

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LOCK OUT POWER

CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION before removing
5624 Strand Ct.., Suite 2., Naples, Florida 34110 cover or servicing
http://www.cemanet.org
239-514-3441
http://www.cemanet.org

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

CEMA Safety Labels Placement Guidelines

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Product: Bulk Handling Equipment

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Equipment: Screw Conveyor

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“C” “C” “C”

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To be placed on inlets and

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discharges, troughs, cov-

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parts can cause

provide warning against severe injury
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exposed moving parts

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while in operation. LOCK OUT POWER

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guard
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removable guards to
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guards removed would

LOCK OUT POWER gratings can cause expose chains, belts,
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before removing severe injury

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STAY OFF
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create hazards
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CHS991026 http://www.cemanet.org
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“B” “C”
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USE LABEL “A” ON BELT GUARD

NEAR SIDE
USE LABEL “B” ON ENDS OF TROUGH, MIDDLE OF
FAR SIDE COVERS AND AT INLET OPENING.
USE LABEL “C: ON TOP OF COVERS SC-2

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

CEMA Safety Labels Placement Guidelines

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Equipment: Vertical Screw Conveyor USE LABEL “A” ON BELT GUARD

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USE LABEL “B” ON ENDS OF TROUGH,

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ON INTAKE INSPECTION DOOR, AND
BOTH SIDES OF DISCHARGE SPOUT

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"A"

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removable guards to

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warn that operation of
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the machinery with
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LOCK OUT POWER gears, shafts, pulleys,
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To be placed on inlets
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covers, and inspection

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doors of screw convey-

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moving parts while in

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operation.
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CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SHAFTLESS SCREW CONVEYOR COMPONENTS

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Bill of Materials
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Item Description Descripton

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1 Shaftless Spiral
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2 Drive Shaft
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3 Drive End Trough End

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4 Tail End Trough End

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5 Inlet
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6 Cover
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7 Hold Down
8 Trough
9 Discharge Spout
10 Screw Conveyor Drive Unit
11 Trough Liner
12 Shaft Seal

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION B - INSTALLATION

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RECEIVING

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1. Screw conveyors may be ordered as individual components with all the assembly operations

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performed in the field, or assembled completely by the manufacturer, with drawings and bill

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of materials.

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2. Immediately upon receipt all items in the shipment should be checked against shipping papers

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for shortages and inspected for damage.

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3. Items to be inspected include troughs, shaftless spiral, trough liners, covers and drive units.

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4. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO INSTALL DAMAGED COMPONENTS OR ASSEMBLIES.

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LIFTING AND MOVING

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Extreme care must be taken to prevent damage when moving assembled conveyors or
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components.
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2. Spreader bars with slings are the recommended support method for lifting.
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3. Unsupported span should be no greater than 12 feet.

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4. NEVER LIFT A CONVEYOR WITH ONLY ONE SUPPORT POINT.

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5. Unusually heavy items such as drives or gates shall be considered when choosing support
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points because of load balance and their bending effect.

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6. Shop assembled conveyors are typically match marked and shipped in the longest sections
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for practical shipment.

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ASSEMBLY
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1. The mounting surface for supporting the conveyor must be level and true.
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2. Screw conveyor troughs must be assembled straight and true with no distortion.
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3. Place troughs in proper sequence with discharge spout properly located.

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4. Connect the joints loosely. DO NOT TIGHTEN BOLTS.

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5. Assemble each trough end to proper end of conveyor.

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6. Attach piano wire full length of conveyor at centerline. Make sure piano wire is pulled tight.
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Refer to Figure 1 at the end of this section.

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7. Tighten trough flange bolts keeping the trough assembly true to piano wire. Torque bolts to
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proper torque rating (per Chart A).

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8. Anchor trough assembly to mounting surface. CEMA recommends supporting trough as-
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semblies every 10 to 12 feet. Saddles and feet may be required.

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9. Install liner section(s) using original equipment manufacturers recommended procedure.

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10. Mount drive unit on trough end. Drive units are normally located at discharge end of con-
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veyor. Make sure drive is centered in seal and trough end openings. Torque bolts to proper
torque rating (per Chart A).
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11. Place the shaftless spiral section in the trough starting at the drive or thrust end.
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12. Assemble drive trough end to correct end of conveyor. Torque bolts to proper torque rating
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(per chart A).

13. Assemble seal to drive trough end. DO NOT TIGHTEN BOLTS.
14. Insert drive shaft from inside trough through seal and outer trough end.
15. Insert drive shaft into bore of reducer.
16. Mate shaftless spiral to drive shaft and install bolts. DO NOT TIGHTEN BOLTS.

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

17. Rotate entire shaftless spiral assembly to check alignment and adjust as required.
18. Torque ALL drive shaft bolts to proper torque rating (per Chart A).

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19. Adjust seals as required.

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20. Remove all debris from conveyor.

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21. Install hold downs.

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22. Install covers in proper sequence starting at inlet end and attach with provided fasteners.

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23. Lubricate drive and all bearings in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. DRIVES

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GENERALLY SHIPPED WITHOUT OIL.

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24. MAKE SURE ALL CEMA SAFETY LABELS ARE IN PROPER LOCATIONS.

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CEMA COMMONLY USED PIANO WIRE SETUP

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PIANO WIRE ATTACHED TO TOP OF CONVEYOR ON SIDE

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OPTIONAL PIANO WIRE SETUP

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PIANO WIRE ATTACHED TO CENTERLINE OF CONVEYOR ON SIDE

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Figure 1 - Piano Wire Setup Diagrams

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Proper equipment alignment is critical to successful long-term operation. Alignment must be checked in
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both horizontal and vertical directions. Maximum deviation in either direction is 1/8 inch. Please refer to the
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manufacturer’s Operations and Maintenance Manual for additional informaton.

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION C - OPERATION

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BEFORE INITIAL START-UP:

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1. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER.

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2. Lubricate all bearings in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

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3. Lubricate all gear reducers in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Gear reducers are

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normally shipped without lubrication.

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4. Check conveyor to ensure all tools and foreign materials have been removed.

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5. Turn drive unit by hand to check for alignment and obstructions.

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6. Check conveyor to ensure all covers, guards and safety devices are installed and operating

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properly.

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INITIAL START-UP (WITHOUT MATERIAL): on
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1. Reenergize power to conveyor.
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2. Start conveyor momentarily to check for proper conveyor rotation. If conveyor rotation is NOT
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correct, quickly shutdown and have qualified electrician change wiring.

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3. Operate conveyor without material for several hours as a break in period. Observe for excessive
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bearing temperature, unusual noise or drive misalignment. If these conditions occur refer to
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Troubleshooting Section of this document.

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4. Stop the conveyor and LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER.

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5. Remove covers and check tightness of bolts. Torque bolts to proper torque rating (per Chart A).
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6. Replace covers.
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7. Check all assembly and mounting bolts. Torque bolts to proper torque rating.
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8. Check conveyor discharge. Discharge must be clear to ensure that material flow out of conveyor
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will not be impeded.

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INITIAL START-UP (WITH MATERIAL):

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1. Reenergize power to conveyor.

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2. Start conveyor and operate without material for several minutes.

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3. Feed material gradually until design capacity is reached.

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4. DO NOT EXCEED CONVEYOR SPEED, CAPACITY AND MATERIAL DENSITY.

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5. Start and stop conveyor several times. Operate conveyor for several hours with material.
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6. Check motor amperage when conveying at design capacity and compare to full load amperage of
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motor. Problems may exist if amperage is excessive. Check voltage to ensure that it is within
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normal operating limits.

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7. Stop the conveyor and LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER.

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8. Remove covers and check tightness of coupling bolts. Torque bolts to proper torque rating. (per
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Chart A).
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9. Replace covers.
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10. Check all assembly and mounting bolts. Torque bolts to proper torque rating (per Chart A).

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 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION D – MAINTENANCE

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Practice good housekeeping. Keep area around conveyor clean and free of obstacles to provide easy

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access and to avoid interference with the function of the conveyor.

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Establish routine periodic inspection of the entire conveyor to ensure continuous maximum operating

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performance. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER BEFORE INSPECTION OF CONVEYORS. Periodic

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inspections should be made of the following:

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• Gear Reducers – Check for proper lubrication. Lubricate all gear reducers in accordance with

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manufacturer’s instructions.

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• Drives – Check for wear on belts and proper tension. Check for lubrication on chains and proper

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tension. Replace belts or chains as necessary.
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Shaftless Spiral – Check for damage, excessive wear and material buildup. Replace screw sections
as necessary.
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• Troughs – Check for damage, excessive wear and material buildup. Check trough alignment
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using piano wire as described in Assembly Section of this document. Replace trough sections as
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necessary.
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• Trough Liners – Check for damage, excessive wear and material buildup. Replace liner sections if
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wear exceeds 1/4 inch.

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• Shafts – Check tightness of thrust washer and bolt. Chack for run-out. Torque bolts to proper
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torque rating.
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• Seals – Check for leakage. Adjust seal or replace packing as necessary.

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• Assembly Bolts – Check for tightness. Torque ALL assembly bolts to proper torque rating (per
46

Chart A).
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• Guards – Check for clearance and bolt tightness.

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REPLACING SHAFTLESS SPIRAL:

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1. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER

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2. Removal of a shaftless spiral section must proceed from the end opposite the drive unit.
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3. Remove all covers and hold downs. Disconnect the drive shart and remove the damaged screw
ss

section.
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4. Insert replacement shaftless spiral section.

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5. Reassemble conveyor components in accordance with the Assembly Section of this document.
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REPLACING TROUGH LINER:

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1. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER

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2. Removal of a shaftless spiral section must proceed from the end opposite the drive unit.
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3. Remove all covers and hold downs. Disconnect the drive shart and remove the SHAFTLESS
W.

SPIRAL AND DAMAGED LINER..

WW

4. Insert replacement liner.

5. Reassemble conveyor components in accordance with the Assembly Section of this document.

11
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION E – SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE

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EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

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An emergency shutdown may be necessary to clear obstructions or to replace damaged or worn

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components.

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1. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER.

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2. Remove all covers.

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3. Remove all obstructions and product from conveyor.

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4. Inspect all components for damage or wear. Check conveyor components in accordance with the

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Maintenance Section of this document.

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5. Replace all damaged or worn components. Replace conveyor components in accordance with
the Assembly Section of this document. ata
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6. Turn drive unit by hand to check for alignment and obstructions.
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7. Replace all covers and guards.

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8. Restart conveyor in accordance with the Operation Section of this document.

01
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EXTENDED SHUTDOWN
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An extended shutdown may be necessary if the conveyor is not in operation for a long period of time.
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1. Operate conveyor until all product is removed.

87

2. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ALL POWER.

46

3. Remove all covers.

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4. Remove all obstructions and product from conveyor.

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5. Inspect all components for damage or wear. Check conveyor components in accordance with
the Maintenance Section of this document.
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6. Replace all damaged or worn components. Replace conveyor components in accordance with
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the Assembly Section of this document.

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7. Lubricate drive and all bearings in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

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8. Coat all exposed metal surfaces with rust preventive.

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NOTE: When operation is to resume, restart conveyor in accordance with the Operation Section of
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this document.
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STORAGE
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1. Protect conveyor from weather, moisture and extreme temperatures. DO NOT use coverings that
promote condensation.
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2. Coat all exposed metal surfaces with rust preventive.

W.
WW

NOTE: When operation is to resume, restart conveyor in accordance with the Operation Section of
this document.

12
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

SECTION F – TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

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PROBLEM CAUSE REMEDY

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SHAFTLESS SPIRAL MATERIAL TOO SOFT USE HARDIER SPIRAL

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1. ACCELERATED SHAFTLESS SPIRAL WEAR RPM TOO HIGH OR TROUGH LOADING TOO
REDUCE SPEED

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HIGH

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INCREASE LINER THICKNESS.
LINER IS TOO THIN

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2. PREMATURE TROUGH FAILURE OR LINER USE A LINER WITH BETTER WEAR RESISTANCE

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ALIGNMENT STRAIGHTEN OR REPLACE SCREW
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EXCESSIVE TORQUE / IMPROPER CONSULT CEMA 350 BOOK TO DETERMINE PROPER
3. DRIVE SHAFT BREAKAGE
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ALIGNMENT TORQUE RATING.
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CONSULT CEMA 350 BOOK TO DETERMINE PROPER

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MOTOR UNDERSIZED
HORSEPOWER REQUIREMENTS.
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4. MOTOR OVERLOAD EMPTY CONVEYOR & CLEAN OUT CORRECTLY.

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UPSET LOADING CONDITION CONTROL FEED AND OPERATE UNDER DESIGN

16

SPECIFICATIONS.
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13
 CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual

CHART A - BOLT TORQUE GUIDE

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G E N E R A L B O L T T IG H T E N IN G T O R Q UE (lb f-ft )

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Bo lt D iam e t e r Th r e ad s P e r In ch 1 8 -8 & 3 1 6
SA E 2 SA E 5 SA E 8

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(in ) (UN C ) St ain le ss St e e l

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1/4 20 5 9 12 6

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5/16 18 11

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18 25 11

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3/8 16 18 31 44 20

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7/16 14 28 49 69 29

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1/2 13 44 73 105 40
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9/16 12 63 108 149 52
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5/8 11 96 147 212 86

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3/4 10 158 252 351 115

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7/8 9 219 389 552 180

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1 8 316 589 784 240

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All bolted applications should be evaluated to determine optimum tightening torque.

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K factor in the formula below is considered an estimate.

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The most commonly used K factor is 0.20 for plain finished bolts.
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Formula:
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T= K x D x P
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Where:
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T = Target tighten torque (the result of this formula is in inch pounds, dividing
si

by 12 yields foot pounds)

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K = Coefficient of friction (nut factor), always an estimation in this formula

RG

D = Bolts nominal diameter in inches

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P = Bolt's desired tensile load in pounds (generally 75% of yield strength)

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[P(lbs) = (75%) Yield Strength * Tensile Stress Area]

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Bolt Torque Guide is for fasteners used to assemble screw conveyors and does not include coupling
CE

bolts. Over tightening of coupling bolts could result in failure in tension.

W.
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CEMA recommends tightening coupling bolts to 75-percent of the values given in the Bolt Torque Guide
to eliminate over tightening of coupling bolts

14
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CEMA NO. 353 - Shaftless Screw Conveyors Safety Operation and Maintenance Manual