Application of Fullerenes in Molecular Electronics:

“Organic electronics” has a great potential to substantially contribute to meeting

societal needs in information technologies as well as in renewable energy sources.

Contents
A) FULLERENE-BASED PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS
• Introduction to PV cells
• PV cells based on C60
• PV cells based on DPM
• PV cells based on CNTs
B) MOLECULAR NANOWIRES
General concepts on nanowires
Oligomers as nanowires in exTTF-oligomer-C60 systems
Materials for Organic Solar Cells: The C60/π-Conjugated Oligomer Approach
 Size

100 100
millions millions
d ~ 1 nm

An appropriate molecule for the development of nanoscience

and nanotechnology but still looking for real applications…
 Size

Photovoltaics represents
one of the most realistic
applications of
Fullerenes !!!
100 100
millions millions
d ~ 1 nm

An appropriate molecule for the development of nanoscience

and nanotechnology but still looking for real applications…
Renewable Energies
 Renewable Energies

National Geographic,
June, 2004
 Renewable Energies

Eolic energy
Biomass

Hydroelectric energy

Solar energy

Geothermal energy
Solar Map
 Photosynthesis

H2O H
OH
HO
Energy and HO
HO H
H OH
electron transfer H OH

Luz CO2 O2
 Photosynthesis

H2O
H
OH
Energy and HO
HO
HO H
electron transfer H OH
H OH

Luz
Mimicking
Mimicking photosynthesis we can:
CO photosynthesis we can:
2
O2

••Harvesting
Harvestingsolar
solarenergy
energy
••Transform
Transformititinto
intochemical
chemicaloror
electrical
electricalpower
power
••Problems
Problemssuchsuchasaslack
lackof
ofenergy,
energy,
water,
water,foods,
foods,environment
environmentetcetc
could
couldbebesolved...
solved...
 Photovoltaic effect. The origin of PV cells

Ï Descubierto en 1839 por E. Becquerel (la corriente eléctrica generada

entre dos electrodos en disolución aumentaba con la irradiación con luz)

Ï 1954. Chapin, Fuller y Pearson preparan la primera célula solar de silicio

(4,5 % de eficacia de conversión!!!)

Ï 1958. Lanzamiento del Vanguard I, primer satélite

espacial alimentado con energía solar

Ï Crisis del petróleo en años 70 y conciencia ecológica en años 80:

se consideran las energías renovables. En 2006, 2.5 GW de electricidad

Ï Años 90: desarrollo de nuevos materiales semiconductores

(CdTe, CuInSe2 o el GaAs) y aplicación de polímeros en dispositivos PV
 Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET)

e─
●+ ●─
Donor Acceptor

100% Quantum yield

ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEMS

 Polymer–Fullerene Composite Solar Cells
Barry C. Thompson and Jean M. J. Frchet

Important concepts in PV solar cells

General Mechanism for Photoenergy Conversion in Excitonic Solar Cells

Scheme 1
Band Structure Diagram Illustrating the HOMO and LUMO energies of MDMO-PPV,
P3HT and an “ideal” donor relative to the band structure of PCBMCells

Energy values are reported as absolute values relative to a vacuum

Förster Resonance eT Mechanism for the Conversion of Solar Energy

Scheme 3
 Types of organic solar cells (I)
a) Schottky
Metallic Organic
electrode semiconductor

Transparent
metallic
electrode

Plastic foil

b) p-n Heterojunction
Metallic
electrode Organic
semiconductors
Transparent
metallic
electrode

Plastic foil
 Types of organic solar cells (II)
d) Bulk heterojunction. Conducting polymers

Al

ITO

OR
Plastic foil

RO n

e- h+
Alkoxy-PPV
Cyano-PPV CN

n
 Fabrication of PV devices (I)

a) Three layers b) Four layers

Al
Al
D / A material D / A material
ITO PEDOT-PSS
ITO
Plastic foil
Plastic foil

- PEDOT:PSS. Improves the contact in the interface

c) Five layers between the active phase and the ITO electrode

Al - LiF. Makes unlikely that recombination of charges

happen after charge transfer
LiF
D / A material
PEDOT-PSS
ITO
Plastic foil
 Solar Cells Parameters
Photon Energy (eV)
4 3 2 1

1.5
Irradiance (W*m *nm )
-1
-2

1.0

0.5

0.0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Wavelength (nm)

Monochromatic Light: the incident light AM1.5: the solar spectrum on a clear
can be optimised towards the absorption sunny day on the Earth’s surface, with
maximum of the component(s) of the the sun at 45 º above the surface of the
device earth
 Solar Cell Parameters

1. Linear Scale 2. Logarithmic Scale

• Isc: Current which is obtained when

Pmax Vmax x Imax
the voltage is zero and the electrodes FF = =
are connected externally VOC x ISC VOC x ISC

• Voc: Potential obtained when the

current is zero
VOC x ISC
• Pmax or MPP: Maximum Power Point η= x FF x m
Pin
• IPCE or EQE: the number of charges
collected per incident photon x 100
 Parámetros de los dispositivos PV

3 Eficiencia cuántica

10

8
IPCE [%]

0
300 400 500 600 700

Wavelength [nm]

Fotones incidentes convertidos en Eficiencia cuántica interna (IQE): número

electrones (IPCE o EQE): número de de cargas generadas por fotón absorbido (x
electrones medidos bajo condiciones de 100, en %)
cortocircuito, es decir, sin aplicar
potencial, dividido por el número de
fotones incidentes
 Arquitectura de una célula solar

Heterounión p-n

Catodo
e-
Intefase ionica (LiF)

Fase activa (D+A)

PEDOT-PSS h+
Anodo (ITO)
Sustrato
Transparente por
dopado y
EHOMO~EHOMO (D)

C. J. Brabec et al. Adv. Funct. Mater 2001, 11, 15;

S. Günes et al. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1324
Heterounión masiva (BHJ)
 Arquitectura de una célula solar

100 nm
- Absorción de luz: coeficiente de absorción óptica ~ 105 cm-1

A
- Separación de carga: interfase Dador / Aceptor D
longitud de difusión del excitón ~10 nm
20 nm

- Transporte de carga: fases contínuas hasta los electrodos

contactos selectivos

- Recogida de cargas: electrodes (transparentes, reflectivos)

100 nm

Ô Ligereza
Ô Elevada absorción (105 cm-1)
Ô Dispositivos muy delgados (~100 nm) 20 nm
 Dispositivos PV orgánicos

N N N
N Cu N
N N N

Pc (Cu)

N O

N N

O N
PTCBI
C. W. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 46, 183

F Materiales de tipo n
F Materiales de tipo p O O

Me N N Me
Ph Ph
H O
N O O
N
perilenbisimidas
N Cu N
N
N H
O H
Ph Ph Ph C Ph
quinacridona
P(Cu) ClO4- O+ O
Ph Ph
sales de pirilio
 C60 como componente activo en dispositivos PV

C60 a -10 ºC
10 μA

5 μA

Ô Aceptor de e-
Ô Acelera la eT (escala fs)
Ô Retarda la CR (escala ns) -1.0 -2.0 -3.0

L. Echegoyen, L.E. Echegoyen, Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 593

Au
C60 / MEH-PPV η = 0.2% (VOC ≈ 0.5 V, ISC ≈ 2 x 10-2 mA/cm2, FF 0.24;
bajo luz monocromática de baja intensidad)
ITO

G. Yu, K. Pakbaz, A.J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 64, 3422
 Un caso paradigmático: PCBM

OMe OMe
O O
OX pTsNHNH2 OX i) NaOMe / Py hν
O O N O ii) C60 / oDCB
NH
X=H pTs
MeOH / H+ X = Me

[5,6]PCBM PCBM
F. Wudl, et al., J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 532
PCBM = [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester

Al (80 nm)
LiF (0,6 nm)
Si D/A es 1:1 ⇒ ISC = 0,5 mA/cm2
Si D/A es 1:4 ⇒ ISC = 2 mA/cm2 !!
PCBM / MDMO-PPV (100 nm)

PEDOT / PSS (80 nm) G. Yu, et al. Science 1995, 270, 1789
ITO

Tolueno ηAM1.5 = 0,9 %

OMe

Clorobenceno ηAM1.5 = 2,5 %

O
O

*
*
n
MeO
MDMO-PPV N.S. Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 841
PCBM
 Absorción de luz. Disminución del band-gap óptico

Los polímeros semiconductores de naturaleza

orgánica sólo cubren una parte del especro solar
 Poli-3-hexiltiofeno (P3HT)

OMe
O
O

* * *
* S n
n
MeO P3HT
MDMO-PPV
PCBM
η= 2.5 % η= 2.8 %

Ca-Ag
LiF

PCBM / P3HT
PEDOT / PSS
ITO

η= 2.8% (P3HT/PCBM 1:3, Electrodo de Ca-Ag); C.J. Brabec, et al. App. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 3885.
 Organic Solar Cells

OR

RO

e-
OR

RO

OR

RO
Ultrafast PET

ITO

Metallic hν
electrode
Transparent
substrate

F. Wudl, A. Heeger et al. Science, 1992

Bulk heterojunction. Conducting polymer as donor and C60 as acceptor

Al

ITO

OR
Plastic foil

RO n

e- h+
Alkoxy-PPV
OMe
Fullerenes O

PCBM
Bulk heterojunction. Conducting polymer as donor and C60 as acceptor

• Inorganic PV devices show

η of around 30 %
• Organic PVs show a better mechanic
flexibility and lower production costs.

η = 2.5 %

CO2Me O

O
n
O

PCBM MDMO-PPV
 C60 Derivatives for Photovoltaics: PCBM

OCH3
1995: 1st MEH-PPV/PCBM 1:4 Device; Efficiency of η=2.9% under
monochromatic low intensity light; G. Yu, J. Gao, JC Hummelen, F.
O
Wudl, and A.J. Heeger, Science, 1995, 270, 1789.
2001 Jan: η = 1.5% for a 6 cm x 6 cm MDMO-PPV/PCBM 1:3 device. N.S.
Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen et al.; Synth. Met. 2001, 118, 1
2001 Feb: η = 2.5% for a MDMO-PPV/PCBM 1:4 casted from Chlorobenzene
[6,6]-PCBM instead of Toluene. N.S. Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen et al.; App. Phys.
Lett. 2001, 78, 841.
OCH3
2002 Feb: η = 2.55% for a 0.1 cm2 MDMO-PPV/PCBM 1:4 Encapsulated Cell.
O
J.C. Hummelen et al.; Thin. Solid Films 2002, 403-404, 223.
2002 Feb: η = 2.55% for a MDMO-PPV/PCBM 1:4 Cell with a thin interlayer
of LiF under the Al electrode. C.J. Brabec, N.S. Sariciftci et al.; App.
Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 1288.
2002 Nov: η = 2.8% for a P3HT/PCBM 1:3 cells with a Ca-Ag Electrode. C.J.
Brabec, App. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 3885.
α [70]-PCBM + β
2003 η = 3.5% for a P3HT/PCBM cell annealed at 70ºC and subjected to an
external voltage (2.7 V); N.S. Sariciftci et al.; Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003,
2003: η= 3.0% for the first 13, 1.
MDMO-PPV/[70]PCBM 1:4
cell, Janssen, Hummelen et al.;
Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42,
3371
 C60 Derivatives for Photovoltaics: PCBM

C12H25O OC12H25
2005 η = 2.3% for a P3HT/DPM cell annealed at 120ºC and using a different
fullerene derivative I. Riedel, E. von Hauff, J. Parisi, N. Martín, F.
Giacalone, V. Dyakonov, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1979.
2005 η = 4.4% for a P3HT/PCBM Cell by controlling the active layer growth
rate which results in turn in an increase of the mobility and balanced
charge transport . Yang et al.; Nature Mater., 2005, 4, 864.
10 2005 η = 5.0% for a P3HT/PCBM 1:3 cells applying specific fabrication
DPM-12
conditions and further annealing at 150ºC c, Heeger et al., Adv. Funct.
Mater.. 2005, 15, 1617.
2007 η = 6.5% for a P3HT/PCBM cells but connecting two different cells
OCH3 Heeger et al., Science. 2007, 317, 222.
O

[6,6]-PCBM
 Movilidad y Morfología. Disolvente

Imágenes AFM de la morfología de la superficie de

células solares de MDMOPPV:PCBM ~1:4 peso

Al (80 nm)
LiF (0,6 nm)
PCBM / MDMO-PPV (100 nm) Tolueno ηAM1.5 = 0,9 %
PEDOT / PSS (80 nm)
ITO

OMe
O
O

*
*
n
MeO
MDMO-PPV

PCBM

Clorobenceno ηAM1.5 = 2,5 %

N.S. Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 841
 Movilidad y Morfología. % Material n

OMe
O
O

*
*
MeO
MEH-PPV
PCBM

Si D/A es 1:1 ⇒ ISC = 0,5 mA/cm2

Si D/A es 1:4 ⇒ ISC = 2 mA/cm2 !!

G. Yu, et al., Science 1995, 270, 1789

F Mayor % PCBM (hasta 80%)

F Mayor movilidad del electron
F Mayor movilidad del hueco!!!

F> 80 % baja absorción

F < 67 % Baja movilidad del hueco y menos eT
F 67-80 % difícil separación del par e-h
P. W. M. Blom, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 795
 Movilidad y Morfología. Annealing
OMe Al
O LiF

* * PCBM / P3HT
S n
P3HT PEDOT / PSS
ITO
• Bajo “bandgap”
PCBM • Elevada solubilidad
• Elevada movilidad

η= 2.8% (P3HT/PCBM 1:3, Electrodo de Ca-Ag); C.J. Brabec, et al. App. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 3885.

η= 3.5% (P3HT/PCBM , por tratamiento a 70ºC y aplicando un voltaje externo de 2.7 V); N.S.
Sariciftci et al.; Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 1.
 Movilidad y Morfología. Annealing

OMe
O

* S *
n
P3HT

PCBM
• Bajo “bandgap”
• Elevada solubilidad
• Elevada movilidad del e- y h+

P. M. W. Blom y col. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 699

 Movilidad y Morfología. Annealing

OMe
O

* S *
n
P3HT

PCBM

η ~ 5 % (P3HT/PCBM , por calefacción a 110ºC durante 10 min)

5 μm × 5 μm

Imágenes AFM: a) dispositivo No. 1 (previo a la calefacción) y b) Dispositivo No. 2

(tras 10 min. a 110 ºC)
Y. Kim et al. Nature Mater.2006, 5, 197;
Y. Yang et al. Nature Mater. 2005, 4, 864;
W. Ma et al. Adv. Fucnt.Mater.2005, 15, 1617
 Otros derivados de C60

C12H25O OC12H25
P3HT:DPM-12 1:2
Voc = 650 mV
ISC = 4.74 mA cm-2
FF = 0.58
ηe = 2.3 %

DPMs

N. Martín, V. Dyakonov, et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1979

EtO2C CO2Et

MDMO-PPV:C60-diester
Voc = 830 mV
ISC = 3.75 mA cm-2
FF = 0.48
ηe = 1.5 %
C60-diester

L. Sánchez, J. C. Hummelen, resultados sin publicar

Organic Solar Cells: How does it work?

Bulk-Heterojunction Diodes

Photon

Electronic Hole
Transport Transport
e- h+

Anode Cathode
Electric Field
 C60 Derivatives for Photovoltaics
H3COCHN
O O
OCH3 O O N N
S N
O O N
N O

[6,6]-PCBM PCBR AF C60-AzT

O O O
O O O O O
NC CN (CH2)10
O O

O O O
O (CH2)10 O
N O O
O O
O O O
NC CN O
TDC60 TC60

O O
O O O O O O
TCAQ-C60
O O

H O O H
O N N O
O O O O
H O H O O H O H
CH3 O O O
N N N N
N O O
O O
O O O O O O O
O N H H N O
O O

O O
O O O O
O O O O

FP2 Dendrímero-C60
 [70]PCBM

Abs (a.u.)
OMe
O

[70]PCBM / MDMO-PPV (4:1)

O

*
*
n
MeO
[60]PCBM / MDMO-PPV (4:1) α[70]PCBM
MDMO-PPV

[70]PCBM
[60]PCBM

Wavelenght (nm)

MDMO-PPV:PCBM 1:4
Voc = 770 mV
ISC = 7.6 mA cm-2
FF = 0.51
ηe = 3 %

J.M. Kroon, J.C. Hummelen, R.A.J. Janssen et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3371
 Transferencia electrónica. Voc
2.8
Energy (eV) vs. Vac. Lev.
O
OMe N

MDMO-PPV
O O

N O
O
3.7
ΔE PCBM
Azafulleroide (AF) Cetolactama (KL)

5.2
PCBM
PCBM

6.2 Azafulleroid C60 3.0

EA
Ketolactam

5.0

5.7 IP
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11, 374
 Energy (eV) vs. Vac. Lev.

6
4
3

MDMO-PPV

5 5.2
2.8

PCBM

6.2
3.7
ΔE
R

2,
3,
4-
3, OM
4- e-
OM PC
e-
O

2, BM
PC
BM 5
2- -OM
OMe

OM e
e- -PC
PC B
4- BM M
OM
e-
PC
BM
PC
BM

3,
4-
m
et
hy
le
ne
di
ox
y-
PC
5.7
5.2
2.8

BM
J. C. Hummelen et al. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 551
IP
Transferencia electrónica. Voc

EA
 Photo- and Electroactive C60-oligomer Dyads

hν
OC 6H 13

OC 6H 13

OC 6H 13
OC 6H 13

OC 6H 13
R
a OC 6H 13

π-Systems:

OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13

Br NC Br
S S

S S
OC6H13 OC6H13 OC6H13

b c d

Chem. Commun., 2000, 701

J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 1141
 Photophysics of C60-oligomer dyads

35

Quantum yield (u.a.)

OC6H13
Toluene
Fluorescence (u.a.)

S
30 THF
S

25

Fluorescence
OC6H13

20 Me
N
S
15 H13C6O

10 S
OC6H13

0
400 500 600 700 800 650 700 750 800
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

C60-oligomer → C60-1*(oligomer) → 1*C60- oligomer

→ (C60·-)-(oligomer·+)
 Photovoltaic Devices

V Me
N
S
OC6H13
Spin-coating
Aluminum OC6H13
S
Br (60 nm)

LiF Layer ITO ITO

Active layer
Glass

0,1
80 mW / cm2
Light 0,01
oscuridad

Corriente (A/cm2)
1E-3

1E-4 Voc = 0,67 V

1E-5 ISC = 0,75 mA/cm2
FF ≤ 0,3
1E-6
η ≤ 0.2 %
1E-7
1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Voltaje (V)

N. Martín, D. M. Guldi, S. Sariciftci et al. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 1141

 Photovoltaic Devices: C60 Dimer

100 solar simulator

Current density [mA cm ]

-2
dark
10

0.1

0.01

1E-3

1E-4
-2 -1 0 1 2

Voltage [V]

MDMO-PPV:(R)-21 1:4
O

C12H25O O
O OC12H25 VOC = 0.76 V
O ISC = -1.0 mA/cm2
(R)-21 FF = 0.36
η = 0.32 %
Light harvesting tetrafullerene nanoarray for organic solar cells

Energy

Advantages:

• A high content in fullerene (PV cells requires ~70-80 % weight rate)

• Better light absorption
• An efficient energy transduction from the oligomer to fullerenes

Chem. Commun., 2006, 514

 Synthesis…

OC6H13 OC6H13
I CHO
OHC CHO
0
Pd
C6H13O
OC6H13

CBr4 / PPh3
CH2Cl2

OC6H13 Br
Br

Br
Br C6H13O

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CuI
CHO Et3N / MeOH / 1/4)
50 ºC

OHC

OC6H13
CHO

OHC
C6H13O

8
CHO
 Synthesis…
OHC CHO

OC6H13

Oct
N
OC6H13
C60
N
N-OctGly
Oct
ODCB
43 %

OHC CHO
OC6H13

OC6H13

Oct
N

N
Oct
9

Chem. Commun., 2006, 514

 Fluorescence spectra
OHC CHO

300
OC6H13

OC6H13

8
Emission / a.u.
OHC CHO

200 8

Oct
N

N
Oct

toluene OC6H13

OC6H13

100
Oct
9
N

N
Oct
9

benzonitrile
0
400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength / nm

Room temperature fluorescence spectra of 8 (red) and 9 in various solvents (black) – see
labels – recorded with solutions that exhibit optical absorptions at the 415 nm excitation
wavelength of 0.5. The fluorescence spectrum of 8 is reduced by a factor of 500.
 Tetra-C60: PV Devices

1000 1000
100 100 Isc = 0.016 mA/cm2 Al cathode
10 10 Voc = 0.048 V LiF

Current density J [mA/cm ]

2
1 1
FF = 0.250 Active Layer: Tetra-C60
0.1 0.1
η = 1.98E-4 % PEDOT:PSS [40nm]
0.01 0.01
1E-3 1E-3 ITO anode
1E-4 Log 1E-4
1E-5 Log 1E-5
1E-6 1E-6
-2 -1 0 1 2
Bias V [V]
1000 1000
Isc = 1.20 mA/cm2 Al cathode
100 100
Voc = 0.65 V LiF
10 10
Active Layer: Tetra-C60 / P3HT
1 1
2
Current density J [mA/cm ] FF = 0.17
0.1 0.1 EQE = 15 % (at 500 PEDOT:PSS [40nm]
0.01 0.01
nm) ITO anode
1E-3 1E-3
1E-4 Log 1E-4
1E-5 Log 1E-5
1E-6
-2 -1 0 1 2
1E-6 Annealed
Bias V [V] Oct
N

N
Oct

OC6H13

OC6H13

Oct
N

Chem. Commun., 2006, 514

N
Oct
9
 UV-VIS of o-PPE and o-PPV tetraballs (13, 14 and 23)

N
C8H17

C8H17
OC6H13 N

14
N OC6H13

240000
C8H17

C8H17

220000
N
13
200000
O S
23
12 13 14
42% 16% 36%

180000
160000
N
S C8H17
140000 C8H17 N
-1

S
ε / M cm

OHex

120000
-1

HexO
S
100000 N S C8H17
C8H17
N

80000
60000
40000
20000
0
300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength / nm
 Synthesis of DPM Derivatives

RO OR

HO OH RO OR RO OR 1. MeONa / Py
RBr NH2NHpTs 2. C60 / ODCB

K2CO3, DMF Toluene

O O NNHpTs

1 2a-d 3a-d 4a-d

a: R = -CH2CH2OH
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1979 b: R = -CH(CH3)2
c: R = -C6H13
d: R = -C12H25
DPMs are highly soluble and can be synthesized in multigram scale !!!

OC12H25 C12H25O
C12H25O

C12H25O OC12H25

+ OC12H25
NNHpTs + MeONa / Py
oDCB

3d 5α 5β

α >> β
Unpublished results
Bulk heterojunction. Conducting polymer as donor and C60 as acceptor

Al

ITO

P3HT
Plastic foil S
n

C6H13O OC6H13
e

Polythiophene
Fullerenes 4c
DPM-12

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1979

 Photovoltaic cells from DPM-12:
Optimization studies
R

JSC VOC ηAM 1.5 P3HT

Material FF
[mA cm-2] [V] [%]a S
n
MDMO-PPV:DPM12
1.3 0.96 0.28 0.3
(1:4)
C6H13O OC6H13
MDMO-PPV/ PCBM e
4.17 0.83 0.52 2.28
(1:4)
P3HT:DPM-12 (1:4) 2.55 0.60 0.49 0.95
P3HT:DPM-12 (1:2) 4.74 0.65 0. 58 2.3
P3HT/PCBM (1:2) 6.5 0.55 0.50 2.2
4c
a DPM-12
at 78 mW/cm2 white light intensity

Energy Conversion
Efficiency of 2.3%

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1979

 Major drawbacks of organic solar cells

Research performed during the last decade has allowed

to improve power conversion efficiencies from 0.4 %
in 1995, to 2.5 % in 2001 and over 5 % in 2007.

• Short lifetime of the radical ion pair states

• Low mobility of the charge carriers

• Low control on the nanomorphology of donor/

acceptor composites

• Moderate absorption of the incident sunlight

(due to a poor match between the electronic
spectra of materials and the solar emission spectrum)
 Organic Solar Cells: Challenges
Challenges
• Investigate aspects related with the fabrication and stability of devices

• Understand the photophysical processes underlying the photovoltaic response in solar cells.

• Implementation of new materials:

• with suitable bandgap for solar light absorption (~1.3-1.7 eV).
• showing high charge carrier mobility
• with higher control on the nanomorpholgy of donor/acceptor composites
• stable, processable, available in multigram scale and all of this at low cost
The future of organic solar cells? Silicon photovoltaic solar cells
 SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL COMPLUTENSE

Materials for Renewable Energies:

Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells

COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR CONFERENCIANTES INVITADOS

Presidente Dr. Henk Bolink (España)

Prof. Nazario Martín (nazmar@quim.ucm.es) Prof. Eugenio Coronado (España)
Prof. James Durrant (Gran Bretaña)
Secretario Prof. Vladimir Dyakonov (Alemania)
Prof. Luis Sánchez (lusamar@quim.ucm.es) Prof. Michael Grätzel (Suiza)
Prof. Dirk M. Guldi (Alemania)
Vocales Prof. Jan C. Hummelen (Holanda)
Dr. Mª Ángeles Herranz (maherran@quim.ucm.es) Prof. Ole Inganas (Suecia)
Dr. Salvatore Filippone (salvatore.filippone@quim.ucm.es) Dr. Jan Kroon (Holanda)
Dr. Emilio M. Pérez (emiliomperez@quim.ucm.es) Prof. Fernanado Langa (España)
Prof. Nazario Martín (España)
Dr. Helmut Neugebauer
INFORMACIÓN Prof. Jean-Francois Nierengarten (Francia)
Dr. Emilio Palomares (España)
Grupo de Materiales Moleculares Orgánicos Prof. Tomás Torres (España)

Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

Planta 3ª, Edificio B LUGAR DE CELEBRACIÓN
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Ciudad Universitaria s/n Salón de Actos Biblioteca
28040-Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
http://www.ucm.es/info/fullerene Ciudad Universitaria s/n
28040-Madrid

PATROCINAN: Vicerrectorado de Relaciones Internacionales y Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la UCM

Comunidad de Madrid (Proyecto MADRISOLAR)