SYLLABUS

(a) 1st Term

(i) Biophysical Chemistry

(a) Water

(b) pH

(c) Acids and Bases

(d) Buffers

(e) Regulation and disorders due to acid base balance.

(ii) Cell Membrane : structures & functions

(a) Fluid Mosaic model of membrane

(b) Properties of membrane

(c) Chemical composition of membranes

(d) Transport mechanisms

(e) Diseases due to membrane protein mutations

(iii) Carbohydrate Chemistry

(a) Nomenclature

(b) Stereoisomerism

(c) Properties

(d) Monosaccharides

(e) Disaccharides

(f) Polysaccharides

(g) mucopolysaccharides

(h) Glycoproteins, GAGs and Proteoglycans

(iv) Metabolism of carbohydrates

(a) Digestion and Absorption of carbohydrates

(b) Glycolysis

(c) TCA cycle

(d) Gluconeogenesis

(e) Glycogen metabolism

(f) HMP SHUNT

(g) Minor pathways of other hexoses

(h) Regulation of blood sugar level

(i) Diabetes Mellitus

(j) GTT

(v) Lipid Chemistry

(a) Structure and function of lipids

(b) Classification of lipids

(c) Properties of lipids

(d) Fatty Acids

(e) Simple Lipids

(f) Phospholipids

(g) Sphingolipids

(vi) Metabolism of Lipid

(a) Digestion and Absorption of Lipids

(b) Fatty Acid Oxidation

 (c) De Novo synthesis of fatty acids

(d) Metabolism of Ketone bodies

(e) Metabolism of Triacylglycerol

(f) Lipoprotein Metabolism

(g) Cholesterol Metaboilism

(h) Eicosanoids

(i) Atherosclerosis and Fatty liver

(vii) Amino Acids and Peptides

(a) Structure and properties of Amino Acids

(b) Classification of Amino Acids

(c) Chemical Reactions of Amino Acids

(viii) Metabolism of Protein

(a) Urea cycle and Ammonia Metabolism

(b) Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids

(c) Metabolism of Glycine and Serine

(d) Metabolism of Sulphur Containing Amino Acids

(e) Metabolism of Glutamate, Glutamine, Aspartate and Aspargine

(ix) Enzymes

(a) Classification of Enzymes

(b) Kinetic Properties

(c) Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity

 (d) Types of Inhibitions

(e) Iso enzymes

(f) Clinical Importance of Enzymes

(x) Biological Oxidation

(a) Redox potential

(b) Enzymes involved in Biological Oxidation

(c) High energy compounds

(d) Biological Oxidation & Electron Transport Chain

(e) Chemiosmotic theory

(xi) Hemoglobin, Myglobin and Plasma Proteins

(a) Hemoglobin

(b) Abnormal Hb

(c) Myoglobin

(d) Plasma Proteins

(e) Electrophoresis

(xii) Heme Metabolism (Including Jaundice & Porphyrias)

(a) Structure of Heme

(b) Biosynthesis of Heme

(c) Catabolism of Heme

(d) Hyper bilirubinemias and Porphyrias

(xiii) Xenobiotics
 (a) Factors affecting metabolism of Xenobiotics

(b) Mechanism of detoxication

(c) Phases of Reaction

(xiv) Vitamins

(a) Fat soluble Vitamins

(b) Water soluble Vitamins

(b) 2nd Term

(i) Nucleic Acid Chemistry

(a) Nucleotide Chemistry

(b) Structure & Functions of DNA & RNA

(ii) Metabolism of Nucleic Acids

(a) De Novo synthesis of Purines & Pyrimidines

(b) Salvage pathway

(c) Degradation of Nucleotides

(d) Disorders of Nucleotide Metabolism

(iii) Molecular Biology

(a) Introduction

(b) DNA Replication & Repair

(c) Transcription and post transcriptional modifications of DNA

 (d) Reverse Transcription

(e) Translation and post translational modifications

(e) Genetic Code Mutation and Translation

(f) Regulation of gene expression

(g) Recombinant DNA Technology & its applications

(iv) Molecular Techniques

(a) Hybridization and blot techniques

(b) PCR

(c) Radio Immune Assay (RIA)

(d) ELISA Test

(v) Immunology

(a) Structure and functions of Immunoglobulins

(b) Immune System

(c) Complement system

(d) Hypersensitivity

(e) Major Histocompatibility Complex

(f) Monoclonal Antibodies

(g) Vaccines

(vi) Mechanism of Action of Hormones

(a) G Proteins

(b) Thyroid Hormone

(c) Steroid Hormone

(d) Insulin & glucagon

(vii) Biochemistry of cancer

(viii) Cell death & Aging

(ix) Function Tests

(a) Liver Function Test

(b) Kidney Function Test

(c) Thyroid Function Test

(x) Nutrition including vitamins (included in Part-I also)

(a) Importance of carbohydrates, protein, fats

(b) Nutritional role of vitamins and minerals

(c) BMR, SDA

(d) Respiratory Quotient

(e) Glycemic Index

(f) Balanced diet

(g) RDA

(h) Protein energy malnutrition

(i) Obesity

(xi) Mineral Metabolism

(xii) Tissue Protein Collagen in extra cellular matrix

(xiii) Special Techniques

(a) Electrophoresis
(b) Chromatography