SP Lab Experiment No.

6
Date: 09/05/2022
Name: Anurag Mahajan
Class: TY ET-C
Roll No.: 12

Title: IIR Low Pass filter using Bilinear Transformation

Hardware used: Laptop

Software used MATLAB

Problem Statement:
Design a digital lowpass Butterworth filter using Bilinear
transformation method to meet the following specifications:

Passband ripple ≤ 1.25 dB, Passband

edge = 200 Hz Stopband attenuation ≥

15 dB, Stopband edge = 300 Hz

Sampling frequency = 2 KHz

Theory:
The bilinear transformation is a mapping that transforms jΩ axis into
the unit circle in the z- plane only once, thus avoiding aliasing of
frequency components.
All the points in the LHP of ‘s’ are mapped inside the unit circle in the
z-plane and all points in the RHP of ‘s’ are mapped into
corresponding points outside the unit circle in the z-plane.

Filters:
The most common technique used for designing IIR digital filters
involves first designing an analog prototype filter and then
transforming the prototype to a digital filter. A Butterworth Filter is a

 type of Active Filter, where the frequency response of the across its
pass band is relatively flat.

The cut-off frequencies of a digital filter will be tangentially warped

compared with those of the analogue filter from which it was
designed. In order to compensate for this undesirable effect, it is
necessary to pre-warp the required cut-off frequencies before
designing the analogue filter. Thus, the desired set of digital filter cut-
off frequencies is determined first.
Finally, an analogue filter is designed with the appropriate warped
cut-off frequencies. Applying the bilinear transformation to this
analogue filter gives a digital filter with the desired cut-off
frequencies.

Conclusion:
Thus, a digital low pass Butterworth filter using bilinear
transformation with the given parameters is designed successfully
using MATLAB’s filter design tool. The pole zero plot, the magnitude
response and phase response are plotted using the same tool. The
order of designed filter is 6.

Code:
Filter Design Tool

 Result:
Plots:
Pole – Zero Plot

Magnitude Response Plot

 Magnitude – Phase Response Plot