3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

3 Lenses In (3), to find the position of the image of the

tail, we can draw a vertical object O with its
Practice 3.1 (p.84) tail at the same position as the original object
1 D as shown above. O′ is the image of O. Its tail
2 Convex: (ii), (iv), (vi) should be at the same position as that of the
Concave: (i), (iii), (v) original object.
3 (a) The thicker the convex lens, the shorter 5 A
its focal length. An inverted image formed by a convex lens
(b) & (c) must be real.
1
By the lens formula, v = v, u = v ,
5
1 1 1 1 1 5 1 6
= + = + = + =
f u v 1v v v v v
5
v
⇒f=
6
Practice 3.2 (p.100) 6 (a) Real, inverted and diminished
1 B (b)
2 D
Ray (1) should pass through the focus F.
∴ (1) is incorrect.

7 (a) By the lens formula, f = 18 cm,

u = 15 cm,
1 1 1
= +
f u v
1 1 1
= +
O′ 18 15 v
v = −90 cm
The image distance is 90 cm.
Ray (2) passes through O′, which is the image
(b) Linear magnification
of O. image distance 90
= = =6
∴ (2) is correct. object distance 15
3 B (c) Virtual, erect and magnified
4 A 8 (a) The image captured by a screen must be
real.
O′
By the lens formula, f = 12 cm,
O
v = 30 cm,
1 1 1
= +
f u v

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1 1 1 11 (a) The glass of water is thicker in the

= +
12 u 30
middle and therefore acts as a convex
u = 20 cm
lens.
The object distance is 20 cm.
An erect and magnified image formed by
(b) Linear magnification
a convex lens must be virtual.
image distance 30
= = = 1.5 (b) (i) & (ii)
object distance 20
9 (a)

(b) Linear magnification Focal length = 20 mm

image distance 12
= = =2
object distance 6
Practice 3.3 (p.113)
(c) Virtual, erect and magnified
1 A
10 (a)
Ray q follows the rule that a ray passing
through the optical centre travels straight on.
The incident rays of p and r are parallel to q.
Therefore, they should appear to diverge from
a point on the focal plane as shown below.

(b)

2 A
An image formed by a concave lens is always
erect and diminished.
3 D
(1) The emergent rays appear to come from
F′. Therefore, the incident rays should
be parallel to the principal axis.

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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

5 (a) Linear magnification

image size
=
object size
1
=
(2) One of the incident rays is directed 3
towards F. Therefore, the emergent ray = 0.333
should be parallel to the principal axis. (b) By the lens formula, f = −0.1 m, u = u,
v = −0.333u,
1 1 1
= +
f u v
1 1 1
= +
− 0.1 u − 0.333u
(3) The upper ray is correct. By drawing
u = 0.2 m
another ray which travels straight
The object distance is 0.2 m.
through the optical centre, we can locate
6 (a) & (b)
the image I. The other emergent ray
should appear to come from I.

I
2F′ F′ F 2F

Focal length = 10 cm
4 (a) (c) The image will become larger and
dimmer.
7 (a) By the lens formula, f = −22 cm,
u = 18 cm,
1 1 1
= +
f u v
1 1 1
= +
− 22 18 v
v = −9.9 cm
The image distance is 9.9 cm.
(b) Linear magnification
The height of the image is 4 mm.
image distance
(b) Virtual, erect and diminished =
object distance
image size 9.9
(c) Linear magnification = =
object size 18
4
= = 0.55
20
(c) Virtual, erect and diminished
= 0.2

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Revision exercise 3 ∴ P is correctly drawn.

Concept traps (p.116) The incident rays of P and Q are parallel and
1 F so their emergent rays should appear to come
image distance image size from the same point on the focal plane.
Recall that = . For
object distance object size
∴ Q is correctly drawn.
a magnifying glass, the image size should be Ray R is parallel to the principal axis. It
larger than the object size, so the image should be bent so that it appears to come from
distance should also be larger than the object the principal axis F ′.
distance. ∴ R is incorrectly drawn.
2 T
P
3 F
Parallel light rays passing through a
Q
converging lens come together at a point on
the focal plane, but not necessarily the focus. F′ F

Multiple-choice questions (p.116) R

4 D
10 B
5 C
An image of the same size as the object is
6 D
formed only when the object is placed at 2f
7 A
from a convex lens, where f is the focal length
8 C
of the lens.
Ray Q passes through the principal focus and
1
should emerge parallel to the principal axis. ∴ Focal length = × 4 = 2 cm
2
11 C
P
12 D
Q 13 A

F′
By the lens formula, f = −12 cm, u = u,
R F
v = −0.75u,
1 1 1
= +
f u v
1 1 1
= +
In the above diagram, the emergent rays of Q − 12 u − 0.75u
and R meet on the focal plane. Therefore, ray u = 4 cm
R is correct. v = −0.75 × 4 = −3 cm
9 C Since the object and the image are on the same
Ray P is directed towards the principal focus side of the lens, the distance between them is
F and therefore should be bent parallel to the 1 cm.
principal axis. 14 A

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The image formed on the screen must be real. The image becomes smaller and therefore
Furthermore, the object and the image should brighter ⇒ (3) is incorrect
be on different sides of the lens. 18 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q17)
image distance image size 19 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q14)
Since = , the
object distance object size
20 (HKDSE Practice Paper 2012 Paper 1A Q21)
image distance is half the object distance. 21 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q21)
1
u + v = u + u = 72 22 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q22)
2
⇒ u = 48 cm
Conventional questions (p.119)
By the lens formula, u = 48 cm, v = 24 cm,
1 1 1 23 (a) Virtual, 1A
= +
f u v erect and 1A
1 1 1 diminished 1A
= +
f 48 24 (b) The lens used in Figure m is a convex
f = 16 cm lens. 1A
The focal length of the lens is 16 cm. The lens used in Figure n is a convex
15 D lens. 1A
16 A
L bends ray Q inwards and so it is a convex (c) (i)
lens.
∴ (1) is correct.
Light changes its speed when it travels from
air to glass.
∴ (2) is incorrect.
(Virtual, erect and magnified image
The refractive indices for different colours of
drawn) 1A
light in glass are slightly different. Therefore,
(Rays drawn according to
the focuses of L for different colours are also
construction rules) 1A
different.
(ii)
∴ (3) is incorrect.
17 A

(Real and inverted image of distant

object drawn) 1A
Sketch the ray diagram as shown above.
(Rays drawn according to
Image I 2 is real ⇒ (1) is correct
construction rules) 1A
The image distance decreases as the focal
24 (a) A concave lens is used. 1A
becomes smaller ⇒ (2) is incorrect
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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

Only a concave lens can produce erect 26

and diminished images. 1A
(b) It produces an erect image / a wider view
of the outside. 1A
25 (a)

(a) (Correct rays from P) 1A

(Correct rays from Q) 1A
(Correct positions of the images of P and
Q) 2 × 1A
(Correct rays) 1A (b) (Correct position of the image of the line
(b) object) 1A
27 (a) Convex 1A
(b) (i) Only a convex lens can produce
magnified images. 1A
(ii) As the image is larger than the
(Correct rays) 1A object, the image distance is greater
(c) than the object distance. 1A
According to the lens formula
1 1 1
= + , f must be positive.
f u v
(c)

(Correct rays) 1A
(d)

(Correct ray diagram for O and I) 1A

(Correct ray diagram for O′ and I′) 1A
The image will become smaller. 1A
28 (a)
(Correct rays) 1A
(e)

(Correct ray diagram to locate the focus)

(Correct rays) 1A
1A

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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

(b) (i) 12 cm 1A (i) (Correct object position) 1A

(ii) Linear magnification (Correct image position) 1A
image distance (ii) (Correctly ray diagram to locate the
= 1M
object distance
focus) 1A
18
= Focal length = 10 cm 1A
36
(iii) By the lens formula, f = −10 cm,
= 0.5 1A
u = 15 cm,
(c) (i) Any one of the following: 1A
1 1 1
Smaller = + 1M
f u v
Brighter 1 1 1
= +
(ii) Any one of the following: 1A − 10 15 v
Virtual v = −6 cm
Erect The image distance is 6 cm. 1A
Larger (than the object) 30 (a) Virtual 1A
Dimmer Erect 1A
(iii) Any one of the following: 1A Diminished 1A
Virtual (b) Linear magnification
Erect image distance
=
Smaller object distance
15
Brighter =
32
(iv) Dimmer 1A
= 0.469 1A
29 (a) It is a concave lens. 1A
(c)
Only a concave lens can produce virtual
and diminished images. 1A
(b)

2.5 cm (Correct refracted rays) 1A

(Correct image) 1A
(d) 28 cm 1A

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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

(e) (i) By the lens formula, f = 28 cm, (ii) Linear magnification

u = 32 cm, image distance
= 1M
1 1 1 object distance
= + 1M
f u v 240
=
1 1 1 1.2 × 1000
= +
28 32 v = 0.2 1A
v = 224 cm (c) (i) Increase 1A
The image distance is 224 cm. 1A (ii) Lens A should be used. 1A
(ii) Real 1A The images formed by lens A have
Inverted 1A smaller magnification. Therefore,
Magnified 1A images of more objects can be
31 (a) Convex lens 1A formed on the image sensor and a
(b) Yes, he can. 1A wider view is obtained. 1A
He should place the paper on the focal 33 (a) (i)
plane. 1A
(c)

(Correct image) 1A
(ii)

(Correct rays) 1A (Correct image) 1A

(Correct position of image) 1A (b) The image formed in (a)(i) is larger than
32 (a) It is a convex lens. 1A that formed in (a)(ii). 1A
Only a convex lens can form an image (c) An incident ray parallel to the principal
on the image sensor. 1A axis of the plastic lens will bend towards
(b) (i) the principal axis less after passing
through it. 1A
Therefore, the plastic lens has a greater
focal length than a glass lens. 1A
The images formed will become larger
1A
(Correct ray diagram) 1A
and dimmer. 1A
The distance between the lens and
34 (a) The student is incorrect. 1A
the image sensor is 240 mm. 1A

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3A Wave Motion I Chapter 3 Lenses

(b) (i)

(Correct rays) 1A
(A complete image located) 1A
(b) Since the focal length of the lens is
unchanged, 1A
the size of the image is unchanged. 1A
(Correct position of object) 1A
Since the lens with larger diameter
(Rays drawn correctly) 1A
allows more light to pass through, 1A
(Correct position of image) 1A
the image becomes brighter. 1A
(ii) (1) By the lens formula,
(c)
u = 15 cm, v = 15 cm,
1 1 1
= + 1M
f u v
1 1 1
= +
f 15 15
(Correct ray diagram to locate the image f = 7.5 cm
of the head) 1A The focal length of the lens is
(Correct ray diagram to locate the image 7.5 cm. 1A
of the tail) 1A (2)
35 (HKCEE 2011 Paper 1 Q4)
36 (HKDSE Practice Paper 2012 Paper 1B Q7)
37 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1B Q7)
38 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1B Q6)

Experiment questions (p.123)

39 (a) The object distance is less than the focal
length. 1A
(b) The focal length of X is longer than (Rays drawn correctly) 1A
10 cm. 1A (Correct size and position of
(c) The focal length of X is 16 cm. 1A image) 1A
40 (HKCEE 2008 Paper 1 Q6) (3) The contraction and relaxation
of the ciliary muscles change
Physics in article (p.125) the thickness of the lens. 1A
41 (a) If our lenses were concave, they cannot As a result, the focal length of
form real images on the retina. 1A the lens changes. 1A

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