MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BUSSINESS SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MARKETING

NAME : TUNGAMIRAI PFUMO

LEVEL : 4.2

MODE OF ENTRY : CONVENTIONAL

REG NUMBER : R177096P

PROGRAMME : INFORMATION SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 1
Harare City Council Big Data Analytics Based Solid Waste Monitoring and
Collection Management
1.1 Introduction
Waste collection, disposal and management has become a major of concern in many
cities across Zimbabwe. The challenge is precipitated by lack of resources attributed to
economic problems and internal mismanagement by local authority bodies to collect
waste timeously. Among such host of problems is lack of employing emerging ICT
technologies in waste management such as big data analytics in monitoring and
collection. Big Data is a term that is used for denoting the collection of datasets that are
large and complex, making it very difficult to process using legacy data processing
applications. The researchers propose to develop a descriptive analysis that summarise
past events and allow Harare city council to learn from past behaviour and help in
understanding how dataset at hand used to influence future decisions. The framework
provides data for local authorities to identify points which require landfill and trucks to
collect garbage .The systems will be used by Harare city council. This chapter will cover
the background of the study, problem definition, aims and objectives, methods,
instruments, and time plans for proposed system.

1.2 Background of study

Solid waste management is challenge to many Municipal authorities especially to third
world countries and emerging economies. To this end requires efficient and effective
monitoring and management tools in place to curb menace of waste in cities. In modern
times the use of big data analytics which presents opportunities in curbing possible health
hazards to human population is a way to go. The city of Harare has to adopt waste
monitoring system as many cities across the globe has embraced this technology.
Currently there is use of manual system which is costly and does not provide supervisor
with real time data and whether the dustbins has been collected by transporters. The
adoption of the system will provide organisation with many benefits which account for
high quality life for citizens and clean environment. Close home to this African continent
Sri-Lanka has adopted related work on its city of Abans. By using mobile application
people can report any incident and immediate response is given to supervisors. Another
work related is Sensor smart city waste management with this smart bin sensors provide
support for organisation and Municipal Corporation to manage clearance of waste bins
timeously. Sensor-based waste collection bins are used to identify the status of bins. The
real time waste management system can use smart dustbins to check the status of dustbins
and information of all smart dustbins can be accessed. The main objectives of the system
is cities with a decent quality life for citizens and a clean sustainable environment. The
last work related work is Cognito smart solid waste management systems. This system
uses various technologies that have evolved to provide data from various process and aim
to improve to improve the efficiency of those processes. It utilises tools like GMS/GPRS,
cloud computing, IoT sensors, RFID, and other low power wireless technologies to
manage the system efficiently Vijayanthi (2016).The researcher propose a big data
analytic systems in waste management to help the city monitors the unprecedented waste
accumulation in the city. Given unprecedented population increase in urban areas, limited
resources to collect garbage by local authorities. The researcher proposes a web based
solution to provide an environmentally friendly, cost efficient and effective garbage
management system. The current garbage collection system includes routine garbage
trucks doing rounds daily or weekly, which not only does not cover every zone of the city
but is a completely inefficient use of government resources. This paper proposes a cost-
effective mobile or web based system for the government to utilize available resources to
efficiently manage the overwhelming amounts of garbage collected each day, while also
providing a better solution for the inconvenience of garbage disposal for the citizens. A
system is developed for the administrators, citizens and truck drivers, which primarily
provides the generated routes for the drivers and finds the nearest available bin for
citizens.
1.2.1 Background of Organisation
The Harare city council is a local authority body which was established and
answerable to the Government of Zimbabwe through Ministry of Local government
and public works. The council is one of the four local authority bodies of the Harare
metropolitan province .The council provides a host of services to residents of Harare.
Among such is garbage collection, sewerage rectification, water provision. The city
council is made up of departments with each department responsible for provision of
certain service.

1.2.2 Organisation structure

City Mayor

Chambers
secretary

Town clerk Finance

Director Operations
Human
Resource

ICT Department of Department of

water works
1.2.3 Vision
To provide quality services to our valued residents
1.2.4 Mission Statement
To achieve world class city status by 2025
1.2.5 Value
Quality services to our valued customers
1.3 Problem definition
The most challenging issue facing the city of Harare is of littering culture by its residents.
In almost an every minute thousands of litter is disposed. This litter usually does not find
itself in bins. The littering population always put a blame to the city council for not
availing enough bins. The available ones in most took considerable amount time before
being emptied.
1.4 Aim

To provide big data analytic solid waste monitoring and collection system for city of
Harare.
1.5 Objectives
The

• To capture and collect big data from residence, administrators and drivers
• To analyse data based on waste type and location.

• To show statistic reports of each waste type which can be monitored by the
administrators through the admin dashboard.
• To route garbage trucks to points of collections.
• To display distribution patterns of waste in the city.
• To alert administrator to route trucks to location where bin level reach maximum load
capacity

• To display waste type as plastic, garbage and bottles.

• To display users as admin, residents and truck driver.

1.6 Instruments and methods

1.6.1 Instruments
 Programming Language- Python ,HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap
 Database- PHP, MYSQL
 Word processing- Microsoft Office 2013 and Adobe Acrobat.
 1.6.2 Methods
The methodology used to collect data is defined in the paragraphs below -
 Questionnaires- Is a primary data collection source whereby the researcher
presents a set of questionnaires to the respondents who are to be affected by the
big data analytic based solid waste monitoring and collection management.
Resident of Harare, administrators who are city council and drivers who collect
waste are given set questions and asked to give their opinion regarding the
proposed system. Respondents can answer in their own time without the influence
of researcher.

 Interview a face to face inquiring will be conducted to obtain hidden aspects

which cannot be revealed by other data collection sources. Respondents will be
asked structured, semi-structured and unstructured set of questions pertaining the
Harare city based big data analytics solid waste monitoring and collection
management. The researcher choose an option which best suits the situation.

 Observations- This data collection technique is employed to observe people doing

their day to day activities were the researcher becomes part of experiment through
participation or choose to observe from a distance to see loop holes in the existing
system and where to improve on the proposed system.

1.7 Justification of the proposed system

The expansion of city of Harare pose a serious health hazards to its populace if there is no
proper garbage collection solution in place. Big data analytic provides a cost effective
management solution to this ever increasing catchment area. Managing a large catchment
area with the current system is difficult. Chances are higher that some areas cannot be
covered by truck drivers. With the proposed system routes are given in advance which
presents an opportunity to cover every area.
1.8 Conclusion
In conclusion this proposal, discussed the need for big data analytics for the city Harare
for solid waste collection, monitoring and management. The objectives of proposed
project highlight the need for such technologies. It discussed the tools needed,
justification of the proposed project. The background information of the organisation, its
values and vision has