MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING

COLLEGE

Kodambakkam, Chennai 600024.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

HS8461-ADVANCED READING AND WRITING

RECORD NOTE BOOK

Name : ARJUN S

Register Number 311520205007

Class : II YEAR

Batch : 2020-2024
 MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
Kodambakkam, Chennai-600 024

Certified to be the Bonafide Record of work done by ARJUN S RegisterNo. 311520205007

of class II YEAR B.Tech IT in HS8461-ADVANCED READING
AND WRITING during the academic Year 2021-2022.

STAFF-IN-CHARGE HOD

Submitted for the practical examination held on at Meenakshi Sundararajan

Engineering College, Kodambakkam , Chennai-24

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

 INDEX

S no Date Title Page Sign

no
1 READING STRATEGIES

2 READING COMPREHENSION

3 UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT TEXT

TYPE

4 PREDICTING CONTENT USING TITLE

5 DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

6 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

7 OPINION PARAGRAPH

8 REFERENCE WORDS

9 DISCOURSE MARKERS

10 GUESSING THE MEANING OF THE

WORD FROM THE CONTEXT

11 ESSAY WRITING

12 JOB APPLICATION AND RESUME

13 REPORT WRITING

14
CRITICAL ANALYSIS A TEXT

15 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
 READING STRATEGIES

1.) Activating prior knowledge/Prediction:

This strategy is often used while reading stories or a novel wherein assumptions are
made regarding the further content of the text.

2.) Questioning:

This helps to develop and attempt to answer questions about the important ideas in
the text while reading and also helps in relating what one learned to what one already
knows.

3.) Visualization

Helps to develop a mental image of what is described in the text.

4.) Monitoring, Clarifying and Fix-Up:

Monitoring and understanding what content is being read and when not understood
the content is re-read for further clarifications and if still no clarity is achieved the
other strategies are employed to fix-up.

5.) Drawing Inferences:

Generating information that is important for constructing meaning that is missing

from, or not explicitly stated in, the text.

6.) Summarizing:

Briefly describing either orally or in a written format of the content read is the last yet
the best strategy to accomplish a good reading experience.
 Reading Comprehension-1
Passage: The Art of Living

The art of living is learnt easily by those who are positive and optimistic. From humble and
simple people to great leaders in history, science or literature, we can learn a lot about the art
of living, by having a peep into their lives. The daily routines of these great men not only
reveal their different, maybe unique life styles, but also help us learn certain habits and
practices they followed. Here are some; read, enjoy and follow in their footsteps as it suits
you. A private workplace always helps. Jane Austen asked that a certain squeaky hinge
should never be oiled so that she always had a warning whenever someone was approaching
the room where she wrote. William Faulkner, lacking a lock on his study door, detached the
door knob and brought it into the room with him. Mark Twain’s family knew better than to
breach his study door—they would blow a horn to draw him out. Graham Greene went even
further, renting a secret office; only his wife knew the address and the telephone number.
After all, every one of us needs a workplace where we can work on our creation
uninterruptedly. Equally we need our private space too! A daily walk has always been a
source of inspiration. For many artists, a regular stroll was essentially a creative inspiration.
Charles Dickens famously took three hour walks every afternoon, and what he observed on
them fed directly into his writing. Tchaikovsky could make do with a two-hour jaunt but
wouldn’t return a moment early; convinced that doing so would make him ill. Ludwig van
Beethoven took lengthy strolls after lunch, carrying a pencil and paper with him in case
inspiration struck. Nineteenth century composer Erik Satie did the same on his long hikes
from Paris to the working-class suburb where he lived, stopping under street lamps to jot
down ideas that came on his journey; it’s rumored that when those lamps were turned off
during the war years, his music declined too. Many great people had limited social life too.
One of Simone de Beauvoir’s close friends puts it this way. ‘There were no receptions,
parties. It was an uncluttered kind of life, a simplicity deliberately constructed so that she
could do her work’. To Pablo the idea of Sunday was an ‘at home day’. The routines of these
thinkers are difficult. Perhaps it is because they are so unattainable. The very idea that you
can organize your time as you like is out of reach for most of us, so I’ll close with a toast to
all those who worked with difficulties. Like Francine Prose, who began writing when the
school bus picked up her children and stopped when it brought them back; or T.S. Eliot, who
found it much easier to write once he had a day job in a bank than he had as a starving poet
and even F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose early books were written in his strict schedule as a young
military officer. Those days were not as interesting as the nights in Paris that came later, but
they were much more productive and no doubt easier on his liver. 5. Being forced to follow
someone else’s routine may irritate, but it makes it easier to stay on the path. Whenever we
break that trail ourselves or take an easy path of least resistance, perhaps what’s most
important is that we keep walking.

Q. Based on your understanding of the above passage, answer any five of the questions
given below by choosing the most appropriate option.
1. The passage is about:
A) How to practise walking.
B) Walking every day
C) The life of a genius.
D) What we can learn from the routines of geniuses.
2. The writers in the past:
A) Followed a perfect daily routine.
B) Enjoyed the difficulties of life.
C) Can teach us a lot.
D) Wrote a lot in books.
3. In their daily routines:
A) They had unique life styles.
B) They read books and enjoyed them.
C) They did not get any privacy.
D) They did not mind visitors.
4. Some artists resorted to walking as it was:
A) An exercise.
B) A creative inspiration.
C) Essential for improving their health.
D) Helpful in interaction with others.
5. To Pablo, the idea of Sunday was an:
A) At home day.
B) Off day.
C) At a mall day.
D) At friend’s place day.
6. When did F. Scott Fitzgerald write his early books?
A) During his regular stroll.
B) In his secret office.
C) During his strict schedule.
D) In his study room.
 READING COMPREHENSION-2

In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand
Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he
served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at
court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal,
he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain. A papal decree of 1493 had
assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land
east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish
authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a
year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a
water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along
the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a
latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we
know it as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to
Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean.
Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the
early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at
sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease. Later Magellan became involved
in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and
seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete
the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with
no precipice at the edge.

Q. Based on your understanding of the above passage, answer any five of the questions
given below by choosing the most appropriate option
1. The sixteenth century was an age of great exploration.
A. cosmic
B. land
C. mental
D. common man
E. none of the above
2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a
political
A. entanglement
B. discussion
C. negotiation
D. problems
E. none of the above
3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to
their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees
west ofGreenwich that extends in a direction.
A. north and south
B. crosswise
C. easterly
D. south east
E. north and west
4. One of Magellan's ships explored the of South America for a passage across the
continent.
A. coastline
B. mountain range
C. physical features
D. islands
E. none of the above
5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern .
A. coast
B. inland
C. body of land with water on three sides
D. border
E. answer not available
6. The passage was found near 50 degrees S of .
A. Greenwich
B. The equator
C. Spain
D. Portugal
E. Madrid
7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the now called the International Date Line.
A. imaginary circle passing through the poles
B. Imaginary line parallel to the equator
C. area
D. land mass
E. answer not found in article
 Reading Comprehension -3

The Aravali Range is affected from human activities like stone crushing, cutting of trees in forest
area of Aravali, construction on large scale, mining, dispense and dumping of waste. Such
activities affect the environment of Aravali and its surrounding areas environment. Some of the
famous lakes like Badkhal lake, Dhauj Jheel, Surajkund Lake, Damdama Lake on the Aravali
range had gone dry in last five years because of illegal mining and change of pattern in the
natural drainage system. These lakes are dumped with waste material which affected ground
water flow. Drying of these lakes also indicates that in future ground water will be not available
in this area if the relevant steps for recovery are not taken. The mindless mining in one of the
oldest hills in the world has devastated the range. In several places, the miners have gone so deep
that the water table has been exposed, forming lakes amidst the blasted ranges. The Rajasam and
lake in Udaipur, which always had water dried up recently. In May 2009, after months of media
“and public protests, along with several environmental groups, the Supreme Court banned mining
in an area of 448 square km, across Faridabad, Gurgaon and Mewat districts in Haryana, that was
once supposed to be set aside for a national park. This comes after SC’s earlier judgment in 1994
that allowed limited mining on the basis of the sustainable development principle and under strict
guidelines, which were violated by local miners as the court ruled The Supreme Court on
February 20, 2010 directed cancellation of 157 mining leases operating in Rajasthan’s eco-
sensitive Aravali Hills and asked the Forest Survey of India to carry out satellite imagery of the
entire 50,000 sq km range spread across 15 districts of the State to assess the extent of ecological
damage. Giving four month time to the FSI to complete the task, the Special Bench of Chief
Justice K.G. Balakrishnan, Justices S.H. Kapadia and Aftab Alam directed all mines in the area to
stop operation till then. The direction follows an earlier order passed by the Supreme Court in
May 2009 freezing all mining activities along the Aravali Range situated in Haryana.

Reading Comprehension Questions :

1. How is the Aravali Range affected?

2. Which activities are harmful to the Aravali Hills?

3. Why have some of the lakes on the Aravali range gone dry?

4. What does the dryness of these lakes indicate?

5. When was mining banned across Faridabad, Gurgaon and Mewat districts in Haryana?

6. How was the ecological damage across 15 districts of Rajasthan to be assessed?

7. Who chaired the Special Bench of the Supreme Court?

8. Find out a word from the passage which means :

i. shows that something exists

ii. instructions telling how to do something

iii. make a judgment about somebody/something

 UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT TEXT TYPES

INTRODUCTION

When you read an advertisement, an email from a friend or a research article for your
degree, for example, the kinds of words, phrases, grammatical patterns, writing styles and
structures you encounter are very different in each case. In other words, different types of
texts contain different features. Being able to recognise these various text types and their
distinct features has a number of advantages. Some of these are listed below.

1. It helps you understand the purpose of the text.

● The purpose of an advertisement, for example, is to persuade the reader to buy or do
something.
● The purpose of an email to a friend is often to inform.
● The purpose of a research article is to examine an issue fully, and to argue a particular
point with the support of evidence.
2. It helps you locate information you are searching for more easily, because you will be
familiar with how different texts are structured.
3. It helps you develop a shared understanding about how to communicate effectively in
different situations. This means that you will be able to construct similar texts
yourself using appropriate formality and structure.
 TASK 1

Below are eight different text types and the purposes of those texts, but they are
mixed up. Decide what the purpose of each text type is and drag it to the correct text type on
the left.
 PREDICTING CONTENT USING TITLE

REG NO: DATE:

TEXT 1: WHAT KIND OF MORNING PERSON ARE YOU?

1. BEFORE YOU READ

a. Look at the title.
1. What do you think this text is about?
I think the text is about the activities done by a person in the morning.
2. What kind of morning person are you? How do you feel in the morning?
I am not an early morning person. During holidays, I go for either walking or cycling
in the morning. I feel fresh during morning.
3. Is it easy or difficult for you to get up in the morning?
It is kind of difficult to get up in the morning but once I get up, I feel fresh.
4. How do you react if someone tries to wake you up?
During exam days, I myself get up early in the morning. But when someone tries to wake me
up in the morning, I really feel irritated and annoyed.
b. Skim the text very quickly, to get a general impression. Is this a story or a description
of types?
Yes, it is a description of types.
c. Vocabulary – These words and phrases will help you understand the text:
alarm clock, annoying, awake, ball of energy, behave, complain, (to) hate, lazy, (to) need,
often, punishment, sleepyhead, sleep through, snooze, (to) stretch, suffer, tasks, type, unless
2. WHILE YOU READ
Think about:
1. How many types of morning people does the article describe?
The article describes three types of morning people and they are the grump,
sleepyhead and a bright-eyed ball of energy.
2. What signals help you find the types?
The people are classified based on their reaction when they get up in the morning.
3. Can you divide the text into sections?
Yes, the text can be divided into three based on their morning behavior.
WHAT KIND OF MORNING PERSON ARE YOU?
What kind of morning person are you? What are you like in the morning? How do you
behave? You probably belong to one of the following three types: those who hate mornings,
those who sleep through them or those who like them. Those who hate mornings are often
called "grumps". Grumps hate waking up in the morning and if you try to wake them up, they
complain and make you suffer. It's a good idea to stay as far away from a morning grump as
possible, unless you like punishment. The second type of morning person is the kind who
always says "give me just another minute" and then stretches "another minute" into 30 or 40
minutes with the help of a snooze alarm. She often sleeps right through the morning and is
late for everything. The last kind of morning person is the most annoying, because he actually
likes mornings. For him, there is no need for an alarm clock. He always gets up early, bright
eyed and happy to face a new day. In fact, he usually finishes his morning tasks long before
anyone else is even awake. This is the kind of morning person who makes everyone else look
lazy. So what kind of morning person are you? Are you a grump, a "just-another-minute"
sleepy head or a bright-eyed ball of energy?

3. AFTER YOU READ

a. How much did you understand?
1. How many kinds of morning people does the writer describe?
The writer describes three kinds of morning people and they are grump, sleepyhead
and a bright-eyed ball of energy.
2. What name is given to people who hate mornings?
Grump is the name given to people who hate mornings.
3. Explain in your own words the sentence: "It's a good idea to stay as far away from a
morning grump as possible, unless you like punishment."( lines 10-12)
Grumps are the people who just hate mornings. During morning they will be very cranky and
irritated. If you go to them in the morning they just blast at you and give you some
punishment
4. What does the second type usually do when you wake her up?
The second type of morning person is the kind who always says "give me just another
minute" and then stretches "another minute" into 30 or 40 minutes with the help of a snooze
alarm. She often sleeps right through the morning and is late for everything.
b. Text Analysis Questions
1. List and briefly describe the 3 types of morning people.
Three types of morning people are: grump, sleepyhead and a bright-eyed ball of energy.
Grumps: Those who hate mornings are often called "grumps". During morning they will be
very cranky and irritated. If you go to them in the morning they just blast at you and give you
some punishment.
Sleepyhead: The second type of morning person is the kind who always says "give me just
another minute" and then stretches "another minute" into 30 or 40 minutes with the help of a
snooze alarm. She often sleeps right through the morning and is late for everything.
Bright-eyed ball of energy: The last kind of morning person is the most annoying, because
he actually likes mornings. For him, there is no need for an alarm clock. He always gets up
early, bright-eyed and happy to face a new day. In fact, he usually finishes his morning tasks
long before anyone else is even awake.
2. What is the writer's definition of "grumps"?
Those who hate mornings are often called "grumps". Grumps hate waking up in the morning
and if you try to wake them up, they complain and make you suffer. It's a good idea to stay as
far away from a morning grump as possible, unless you like punishment.
3. What is the writer's aim in writing this text?
The writer's aim is to classify the people based on their morning behavior.
4. Why does the writer call the last kind of morning person "the most annoying"? What
is the writer's attitude to this kind of morning person?
This is the kind of morning person who makes everyone else look lazy. It is quite irritating and
annoying at times.
 DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

MY FAVOURITE BOOK
Harry Potter was a series of books authored by one of the most eminent writers of
our generation, J.K. Rowling. These books showcase the wizarding world and its
workings. J.K. Rowling has been so successful at weaving a picture of this world,
that it feels real. Although the series contains seven books, I have a particular
favourite. My favourite book from the series is The Goblet of fire.

When I started reading the book, it caught my attention instantly. Even though I
had read all the previous parts, none of the books caught my attention as this one
did. It gave a larger perspective into the wizarding world. One of the things which
excite me the most about this book is the introduction of the other wizard schools.
The concept of the Tri-wizard tournament is one of the most brilliant pieces I have
come across in the Harry Potter series.

In addition, this book also contains some of my favourite characters. The moment I
read about Victor Krum’s entry, I was star struck. The aura and personality of that
character described by Rowling are simply brilliant. Further, it made me become a
greater fan of the series.

Even though the books are about the world of wizards and magic, the Harry Potter
series contains a lot of lessons for young people to learn. Firstly, it teaches us the
importance of friendship. I have read many books but never come across a
friendship like that of Harry, Hermoine, and Ron. These three musketeers stuck
together throughout the books and never gave up. It taught me the value of a good
friend.

Further, the series of Harry Potter taught me that no one is perfect. Everyone has
good and evil inside them. We are the ones who choose what we wish to be. This
helped me in making better choices and becoming a better human being. We see
how the most flawed characters like Snape had goodness inside them. Similarly,
how the nicest ones like Dumbledore had some bad traits. This changed my
perspective towards people and made me more considerate.
 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
DATA GRID
Description
This organizer can be used to help students organize information into different categories. It
allows students compare and contrast information according to various criteria. Students are
thus trained to see patterns of information and are able to generate hypotheses.

Procedures

1. Choose a topic to research.

2. List subtopics to be compared and contrasted and write them across the top of the
organizer.

3. Brainstorm all criteria for comparing and contrasting and list them vertically down the left
side of the organizer.

4. Conduct research on and/or search for the required information and write it in the
appropriate boxes.

5. Use the grid to launch a discussion.

DATA GRID
Research Topics:
Sub Topics

Criteria Sub Topic 1 Sub Topic 1 Sub Topic 1 Sub Topic 1

Criterion 1

Criterion 2

Criterion 3

Criterion 4

Criterion 5

Criterion 6
Topic
Market Structure
Concepts
1. Market structure describes the important features of a market, such as the number of firms,
type of products, ease of entry, and forms of competition.

2. A perfectly competitive market is a market structure involving large numbers of fully

informed buyers and sellers of a homogeneous product. There are no obstacles to entry or exit
of firms. Individual firms have no control over the price.

3. A pure monopoly is an industry with a single firm that produces a product for which there
are no close substitutes and in which significant barriers prevent other firms from entering to
compete away profits. The firm can raise price without losing all demand for their product.

4. A monopolistic competitive market is a market structure in which there are a large number
of firms. None of the firms can influence market price by virtue of size only. Some degree of
market power is achieved by firms producing differentiated products. New firms can enter
and established firms can exit such industry with ease.

5. An oligopoly is a market involving only a few firms that are each large enough to
influence market price by virtue of size. Products may be homogeneous or differentiated. The
behaviour of any one firm very much depends on the behaviour of others.
DATA GRID
Research Topics: Market Structure

Market Structure

Perfect Monopolistic Oligopoly Monopoly

Competition Competition

Number of Firms Many Many Few One

Types of Products Homogenous Differentiated Homogenous / ---

Differentiated

Forms of ---- Non Price Price/ Non Price ---

Competition Competition Competition
among the
producers
Availability of Perfect Imperfect Imperfect Imperfect
information Information Information Information Information

Barrier of Entry Free Entry Free Entry Entry Restricted Entry Restricted

Control over Price Price Taker Price Searcher Price Searcher Price Searcher
 OPINION PARAGRAPH

SOCIAL MEDIA

I have always worried about how much time kids spend on their phones and social
media. When my kids were home, we tried to have them put their phones down if
we were all eating together or having a family conversation. But, something kept
bringing them back to their phones. I didn’t understand that the technology of
these social media apps was designed to keep people engaged for a long time.
And if they were not engaged, the kids would get a notification to bring them
back.

I was in a car with some friends once, and one of the kids was constantly on her
phone. We talked about schools and phones and how hard it is for schools to keep
the kids off their phones. I mentioned that during school, the kids should have to
turn in their phones to focus on learning. She bit my head off and said that she
would die if she didn’t have her phone for that long. That so shook me. But after
seeing the documentary, that is exactly what social media is trying to do!

My kids are grown and on their own now, and when we are all together, I feel like
we respect each other enough to have more attention on the family than the
phones. But kids are starting earlier and earlier, and it will become a hard habit to
break.
As hard as it is, parents have to take charge and limit social media time.

When I am spending a few minutes scrolling through social media on my own, I

appreciate the “Like” button. In the documentary, they talked about how that was
supposed to be a positive thing. A way to show someone you read what they said
and acknowledge them—a way to share in their joy, grief, or success.

But it has also become tied to your self-worth. When you are vulnerable enough
to put something on social media for all to see, you want to be acknowledged. But
if no one likes it, it doesn’t feel good. It can make you feel like no one likes you,
what you are doing isn’t worthy of attention, or you aren’t being seen.
 REFERENCE WORDS
Explanation
Reference words help us to make our text cohesive. They are used to avoid repetition of
words. The reference words can be used for the following purposes:
i) To point backwards or forwards to other words or concepts already appeared
in the text or are about to appear.
ii) To refer back to people, objects and ideas mentioned earlier.
Reference words include:
1.) It/they/them
'It', 'they' and 'them' are used to replace subjects or ideas that have been mentioned
previously.
2.) this/that
"This' and 'these' are used to refer to objects or ideas that are near in place or time.
3.) that/those
"That' and 'those are used to refer to objects or ideas that are more remote in place or
time.
4.) the former/the latter/respectively
‘The former' which refers to the first mentioned of two items 'the latter which refers
to the second mentioned of two items.
5.) who/which/that
Who' refers only to people, 'Which' refers to things or ideas. That' refers to people,
things or ideas, and can be used instead of who and which.
6.) one/ones
. 'One' (singular) or 'ones' (plural) can be used as a substitute for a noun that has
previously been mentioned.
7.) such
'Such' refers to things or people of a similar type to ones that have been mentioned
previously.
Example
New Zealand is becoming an increasingly popular destination for overseas visitors. It attracts
tourists and people on business, but the vast majority comes as students. Mostly from Asian
countries, they stay for anything from a few weeks to a few years or more, studying at
language schools, colleges and universities. New Zealand can offer good homestay
accommodation, a clean and beautiful environment and a reasonable cost of tuition. These
factors attract an ever-increasing number of overseas students, accounting for millions of
dollars in revenue for New Zealand.
Exercise
1. Choose the correct reference words from the following sentences:
1. Srinivasa Ramanujam is a great Mathematical genius. He accepted a clerical position
in the Madras Port Trust Office, while he was working as a clerk, he wrote to G.H.
Hardy of Cambridge University a letter that was to change his life.

2. Stephen Hawking is one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists. He is also a

popular writer. His first book,“A Brief History of Time" published in 19888 and
became an international best seller. In it, he explained about the birth and death of the
universe to the lay person.

3. .The parents send their children to work in carpet-weaving industry as they are very
poor and it is the only way in which families of the rural areas can sustain themselves.

4. Turmeric has so many medicinal properties; it has been used in traditional Indian
medicine for centuries, as a home remedy for sprains, swellings and wounds and to
treat stomach ailments and infections. In ancient India, all ayurvedic physicians used
turmeric (haldi) to treat injuries and wounds. It is such an efficient antibiotic that it
not only kills dangerous bacteria in the human intestine when it's cooked with food,
but it can also neutralize parasites when applied as a paste on wounds.

5. Detoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing toxins through

the colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, lymph glands, and skin. This process starts when
fasting. Food no longer enters the body and the latter turns to fat reserves for energy.
These fat reserves were created when excess glucose and carbohydrates were not used
for energy or growth, not excreted, and therefore converted into fat.
 Discourse Markers
1. Summer is hot.
Winter is cold.

2. He worked hard.
He did not succeed.
.
3. He tried his best.
He did not win any prize.

4. He was crossing the road

He was run over by a lorry.

5. I know a man.
The man has been to Iceland.

6. Here is the doctor.

The doctor cured me of malaria.

7. This is the house.

Jack built it.

8. Bring me the book.

The book is on the table.
9. The news is extremely good.
It cannot be true.

10. He grew older.

He became less active.

11. He was ambitious.

I killed him.
Practice set

1.) Isabel apologized several times. Paul wouldn’t speak to her.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.) We decided to walk . It was raining.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.) Roger works very hard to help his parents. He’s also a good student
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.) I love Ice cream. I love chocolate.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.) I’d love to come. I really haven’t got the time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.) Rome is a great place to visit. It has got terrible traffic problems.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7.) Miguel was very busy yesterday. He helped me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8.) Rama exercises vigorously. She can’t lose weight.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9.) Visitors are not allowed to park here. It is a private parking area.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.) Jack can’t lift the box. He is very strong.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.) Joanne booked a babysitter. she wanted to go out for the evening.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12.) Brenda does a lot of exercise. She is fit.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.) Mark heard the news on the radio. He was driving home.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.) Despite its popularity, The group hasn’t reached any gold record yet.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.) John bought a couple of exercise-books. He wanted to catch up with the rest of
the class.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
16.) My brother doesn’t earn a good wage. My sister-in-law doesn’t earn a good wage
.……………………………………………………………………………………………
 17.) The accident was very serious. Nobody was badly injured.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18.) He reduced the amount of time studying for his final exams. His marks were
rather low.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19.) Work Hard. You will pass.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20.) We do our work well. Our master will be angry with us.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21.) .His problems with his parents are extremely frustrating. There seems to be no
easy solution to them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22.) John got very angry. He left the party.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23.) He was poor. He could not buy new clothes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
24.) Do it. You will be happy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
25.) Take it. Leave it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 GUESSING THE MEANING OF THE WORD FROM THE CONTEXT

1) Read the passage and then answer the question.

Rafflesia arnoldii produces the largest flowers of any plant known to man. It also
lacks leaves, roots, a stem and functioning chloroplasts. What exactly is this bizarre
organism, and how does it survive without so many seemingly crucial parts? Endemic to the
rainforests of Southeast Asia, R. arnoldii has developed a number of adaptations that enable it
to thrive in its tropical home. Key to its survival is its parasitic relationship with a grapelike
vine of the genus Tetrastigma. R. arnoldii spends most of its life almost completely concealed
inside the host vine. When it is ready to reproduce, however, it grows a single flower that
measures about one metre in diameter, weighs up to seven kilograms and emits a strong
odour of rotting flesh. The smell of the flower, which attracts carrion flies and other
pollinators, has earned R. arnoldii the nickname 'corpse flower'.

What is the meaning of endemic as used in the passage?

o new
o crucial
o harmful
o native

2) Read the passage and then answer the question.

Aphasia is a neurological disorder that affects an individual's ability to use language.

It can be characterised by difficulties with speaking, understanding speech, reading, writing
or a mix thereof. Aphasia is caused by lesions in areas of the brain responsible for language
production or comprehension; these abnormal changes in tissue often occur as a result of a
stroke, brain tumour or car accident. As a part of treatment, speech-language pathologists can
provide tools and techniques to help patients communicate, and they can also help friends and
family members adapt their speech to aid in communication. Fortunately, most people with
aphasia are able to recover some or all of their lost language abilities over time.
What is the meaning of lesions as used in the passage?

o disease affecting brain tissues

o language-related impairments
o injuries to body tissues due to trauma or disease
o regions of the brain related to language

3) Read the passage and then answer the question.

Today, the magnetised needle of a compass always points north. This happens
because the polarity, or direction, of the magnet aligns itself with the polarity of Earth's
magnetic field. But if you went back in time 800,000 years, the needle of your compass
would point south! This is because the polarity of Earth's magnetic field can reverse-indeed,
it has reversed hundreds of times over the last three billion years. Geophysicists study the
history of these magnetic field reversals by looking for correlations between the direction of
magnetisation in certain rocks and indicators. For instance, in the 1920s, geophysicist
Motonori Matuyama found a number of rocks, dating to the early Pleistocene, that were
magnetised in the opposite direction of Earth's current magnetic field. Based on this, he
proposed that the polarity of Earth's magnetic field had reversed at least once since that time.

What is the meaning of geo-chronological as used in the passage?

o relating to the reversal of a magnetic field over time

o relating to the science of measuring objects' magnetic fields
o relating to the science of determining the ages of rocks
o relating to the strength of a rock's magnetization

4) Read the passage and then answer the question.

Scuba diving can be physically taxing for divers due to the fluctuations in temperature and
pressure to which divers' bodies are exposed. Amidst these changes, the body's baroreceptors
play a crucial regulatory role by helping divers' bodies adjust to the underwater environment.
When these nerve endings detect pressure changes in the blood, the brain responds by
increasing or decreasing the heart rate as needed, maintaining adequate blood flow to the
brain and body. These heart rate adjustments help keep the diver safe while underwater.
What is the meaning of baroreceptors as used in the passage?

o sensors that monitor brain activity

o sensors that monitor blood pressure
o sensors that monitor body temperature
o sensors that monitor energy use

5) Read the passage and then answer the question.

Auxins are plant hormones that promote cell growth and elongation, and they are also among
the principal hormones responsible for plant tropism. For example, auxins in plant cells cause
plant shoots to grow towards sunlight. They do so, according to one theory, because sunlight
degrades the hormones, leading to a higher concentration of auxins on the shade-facing side
of the plant. As a result, that side grows more quickly, thus bending the stalk towards the sun.
Ironically, while these hormones are produced by plants, they can also be used to make
herbicides because some plants are sensitive to high auxin levels.

What is the meaning of tropism as used in the passage?

o directional movement of an organism in response to an external stimulus

o the growth of plant parts, such as shoots, leaves and roots
o the change of auxin concentrations in a plant
o the process by which a plant converts sunlight into chemical energy
 ESSAY WRITING

POLLUTION
INTRODUCTION:
Pollution is a term which even kids are aware of these days. It has become so
common that almost everyone acknowledges the fact that pollution is rising
continuously. The term ‘pollution’ means the manifestation of any unsolicited
foreign substance in something. When we talk about pollution on earth, we refer to
the contamination that is happening of the natural resources by various pollutants.
All this is mainly caused by human activities which harm the environment in ways
more than one. Therefore, an urgent need has arisen to tackle this issue
straightaway. That is to say, pollution is damaging our earth severely and we need
to realize its effects and prevent this damage. In this essay on pollution, we will
see what are the effects of pollution and how to reduce it.

Effects of Pollution
Pollution affects the quality of life more than one can imagine. It works in
mysterious ways, sometimes which cannot be seen by the naked eye. However, it
is very much present in the environment. For instance, you might not be able to see
the natural gases present in the air, but they are still there. Similarly, the pollutants
which are messing up the air and increasing the levels of carbon dioxide is very
dangerous for humans. Increased level of carbon dioxide will lead to global
warming.

Further, the water is polluted in the name of industrial development, religious

practices and more will cause a shortage of drinking water. Without water, human
life is not possible. Moreover, the way waste is dumped on the land eventually
ends up in the soil and turns toxic. If land pollution keeps on happening at this rate,
we won’t have fertile soil to grow our crops on. Therefore, serious measures must
be taken to reduce pollution to the core.

How to Reduce Pollution?

After learning the harmful effects of pollution, one must get on the task of
preventing or reducing pollution as soon as possible. To reduce air pollution,
people should take public transport or carpool to reduce vehicular smoke. While it
may be hard, avoiding firecrackers at festivals and celebrations can also cut down
on air and noise pollution. Above all, we must adopt the habit of recycling. All the
used plastic ends up in the oceans and land, which pollutes them.

So, remember to not dispose of them off after use, rather reuse them as long as you
can. We must also encourage everyone to plant more trees which will absorb the
harmful gases and make the air cleaner. When talking on a bigger level, the
government must limit the usage of fertilizers to maintain the soil’s fertility.
In addition, industries must be banned from dumping their waste into oceans and
rivers, causing water pollution

CONCLUSION:

To sum it up, all types of pollution is hazardous and comes with grave consequences.
Everyone must take a step towards change ranging from individuals to the industries.
As tackling this problem calls for a joint effort, so we must join hands now.
Moreover, the innocent lives of animals are being lost because of such human
activities. So, all of us must take a stand and become a voice for the unheard in order
to make this earth pollution-free.
 JOB APPLICATION FORM

First Name:

Middle Name:

Last Name:

Street Address:

City, State, Zip Code:

Phone Number:

Email Address:

Have you ever applied to / worked for [Our Company] before? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If yes, please explain (include date):

Do you have any friends, relatives, or acquaintances working for [Our Company]? [ ] Y or [ ]N

If yes, state name & relationship:

If hired, would you have transportation to/from work? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Are you over the age of 18? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If you are under the age of 18, do you have an employment/age certificate? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If hired, would you be able to present evidence of your U.S. citizenship or proof of your legal right to
work in the United States? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Have you been convicted of or pleaded no contest to a felony within the last five years? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If yes, please describe the crime - state the nature of the crime(s), when and where convicted, and the
disposition (final settlement) of the case:

If hired, are you willing to submit to a controlled substance test? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Position and Availability

Position Applying For:

Desired Salary:

Are you applying for:

Temporary work - such as summer or holiday work? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Regular part-time work? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Regular full-time work? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If applying for temporary work, indicate your desired length of employment below:
Start date: ______ End date: _______

Days/Hours Available

Monday______

Tuesday____

Wednesday___

Thursday ____

Friday____

Saturday

Sunday

Hours Available:

Are you available to work overtime? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If hired, on what date can you start working?

Are you able to perform the essential functions of the job for which you are applying, either
with/without reasonable accommodation? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If no, describe the functions that cannot be performed:

Education, Training and Experience High School:

School Name:

School Address:

School City, State, Zip code:

Number of years completed:

Did you graduate? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Degree/Diploma earned:

College University:

College Name:

College Address:

College City, State, Zip:

Number of years completed:

Did you graduate? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Degree/Diploma Earned:
Vocational School:

School Name:

School Address:

School City, State, Zip:

Number of years completed:

Did you graduate? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Degree/Diploma earned:

Military:

Branch:

Rank in Military:

Total Years of Service:

Skills/Duties:

Related Details:

Skills and Qualifications: Licenses, Skills, Training, Awards

Do you speak, write or understand any foreign languages? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If yes, list which languages(s) and how fluent you consider yourself to be:

Employment History:

You should be prepared to detail each position for the past five years and account for any gaps in
employment during that period.

Are you currently employed? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If you are currently employed, may we contact your current employer? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Name of Employer:__

Name of Supervisor:__

Telephone Number:

Business Type:

Address:

City, State, Zip:

Length of Employment (Include Dates):.

Salary/Hourly Rate of Pay:

Position &

Duties:

Reason for Leaving:

Name of Employer:

Name of Supervisor:

Telephone Number:

Business Type:__

Address:

Do you speak, write or understand any foreign languages? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If yes, list which languages(s) and how fluent you consider yourself to be: English

Employment History:

You should be prepared to detail each position for the past five years and account for

any gaps in employment during that period.

Are you currently employed? [ ] Y or [ ] N

If you are currently employed, may we contact your current employer? [ ] Y or [ ] N

Name of Employer:__

Name of Supervisor:__

Telephone Number:

Business Type:

Address:

City, State, Zip:

Length of Employment (Include Dates):.

Salary/Hourly Rate of Pay:

Position &

Duties:

Reason for Leaving:

Name of Employer:

Name of Supervisor:

Telephone Number:
Business Type:__

Address:

City, State, Zip:__

Length of Employment (Include Dates):.

Salary/Hourly Rate of Pay:

Position &

Duties:

May we contact this employer for references? [] Y or [] N

Name of Employer:

Name of Supervisor:__

Telephone Number:

Business Type:

Address:

City, State, Zip:__

Length of Employment (Include Dates):.

Salary/Hourly Rate of Pay:

Position &

Duties:

Reason for Leaving:

May we contact this employer for references? [] Y or [] N

References

List below three persons who have knowledge of your work performance within the last

four years. Please include professional references only.

First and Last Name:

Telephone Number:

Email Address:

Address:

Reason for Leaving:

City, state, zip:

Occupation:

Number of Years Acquainted:

First and Last Name:

Telephone Number:

Email Address:

Address:

City, state, zip:__

Occupation:

Number of Years Acquainted:

First and Last Name:

Telephone Number:

Email Address:

Address:

City, state, zip:__

Occupation:

Number of Years Acquainted: .

Certification:

I certify that the information contained in this application is true and complete. I

understand that false information may be grounds for not hiring me or for immediate

termination of employment if I am hired. I authorize the verification of any and all

information listed above.

Signature

Date
 COVER LETTER
From:
ARJUN S

29/12 XXXXstreet, G-1 A Block

Chakra Flat , valasaravakkam
Chennai -600094.13-05-2022
To:
The HR Manager,
ZOHO Coorporation ,
140,151 Great Southern TRumk road,
Chengalpattu - 603202.

Respected Sir,

Sub: Application for the position of software developer.

With reference to your advertisement at your website, dated 16-05-2022, I would like to
apply for the position of software developer in your organization. I have done my Bachelor
degree in Information Technology at Meenakshi SundaraRajan Engineering college with
good grade .I am a fresher to this job but can fulfill your expectation. I have strong work ethic
and a eagerness for learning new thngs.
If given an opportunity, I would do my best to complete the tasks presented to me, and work
up to the expectations of my superior and the organization. I have enclosed my resume for
your persual.

Thank you
Yours Truly,
ARJUN S
 RESUME
.
ARJUN S

29/12 XXX street, G-1

A Block Chakra Flat ,
Valasaravakkam, Chennai -
600094.
Mail Id : arjunbalaji2003@gmail.com
Phone no: 9123530148

Objective:
To be a part of a growing organisation in a challenging position where I would be able to
fulfil my capabilities to best extended and in process , add value to the organization and my
career

Qualification:
S no Course Name of College / School Mark / CGPA Year

1 SSLC DAV Matriculation Higher 91.8% 2018

Secondary School,Gill Nagar

2 HSC DAV Matriculation Higher 84.16% 2020

Secondary School,Gill Nagar

3 B.Tech IT MeenakshiSundaraRajan 8.99 2020-24

Engineering College

Achievements:

 Did 30 days internship in “python and machine Learning” at “1 core solution”

 Attended a workshop on “ Cloud Computing”
 Participated in a technical event Symposium held by “SVCE”
 Did a paper presentation on “Quantum Computing” at Meenakshi SundaraRajan
Engineering College
Skills:
Language known:

o Tamil
o English
o Hindi
Programming languages known:

o C
o HTML,PHP,CSS, My SQL
o Java
o Python
o C++
Details:

D.O.B : 18-03-2003
Father Name : KANNAN G

Mother Name : HEMALATHA

Gender : Male
Marital Status : Unmarried
Nationality : Indian

Declaration:
I hereby declare that above detail are true to the best of my knowledge.

ARJUN S
 ACCIDENT REPORT

ON

FIRE ACCIDENT IN LADIES HOSTEL

SUBMITTED TO

The Principal,

ABC Engineering College,

Kodambakkam,

SUBITTED BY

XXXX

The Warden

ABC Engineering College,

Kodambakkam,
 REPORT WRITING

ACCIDENT REPORT

From

XXX

The Warden,

ABC Engineering College,

Chennai

DATE:

To

The Principal,

ABC Engineering College,

Chennai

Respected Sir,

Sub: Report on the fire accident

With reference to the intimation no.561/14 date DD/MM/YYYY, the committee members
constituted by you and by myself investigated the cause for the accident and have prepared a
report with recommendations to avoid such incidents in the future. The report is enclosed for
your perusal.

Thank you,

Yours faithfully,

XXXX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

With reference to the accident that look took place a couple a days ago in our college ladies
hostel, the following report is submitted after a thorough analysis of the facts.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT:

On the 25th February 2015, a fire broke out around 02:00 pm in the ladies’ hostel. It
experienced a tragic fire accident caused by leakage of electricity. It spread so quickly that it
is engulfed a vast area consuming a large number of clothes and other materials which is kept
in the Hostel. The laundry nearby started to burn due to that leakage and the fire spread to the
floors on top. Students who were in the top floors were studying for exams and so everyone
was inside the room. Some of the rooms were suffocated due to lot of smoke and everyone in
that building were alerted and escaped safely. Moreover, the two girl students in the top floor
sustained burn injuries were unable to come out of the room. The firemen were summoned
immediately and saved the two girls from further injuries. The fire extinguished after one
hour. The two girl students were taken to the nearby hospital with severe burn injuries. The
doctors diagnosed them and declared that they were already dead. Further, the doctor told that
they were already afflicted with asthma and they were killed by smoke and severe fire
injuries.

INVESTIGATION DETAILS:

Under investigations, it is found that the fire broke out because of a short circuit in the
switch box. As all the fittings in the rooms were in operation, the fire chanced to spread very
fast. This devastating fire accident has resulted in a loss of two girl students and a lakh of
rupees. Recommendations to prevent such mishaps In order to avert or overcome such
mishaps in future, the following precautions are recommended

1. The worn out wiring should be immediately replaced and checked at regular
intervals for leakages
2. It is extremely necessary to install more fire extinguishers at vantage points
3. Proper fuses must be installed to avoid the excess flow of current
4. Students should be trained to handle the electric components safely along with fire
extinguishers
5. Fire alarms should be installed in Ladies Hostel, since a lot of students are available
in the hostel
CONCLUSION:

If the above measures are implemented forthwith, such accidents can be prevented in future
and thereby great loss to property and human can be averted.
 SURVEY REPORT

ON

READING HABIT OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS

DD/MM/YYY

SUBMITTED TO

THE PRINCIPAL,

ABC ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

CHENNAI

SUBITTED BY

XXXX

PROFESSOR

ABC ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

CHENNAI
 SURVEY REPORT

From

XXXXX,

Professor,

Department of English,

ABC Engineering College,

Chennai.

DATE : DD/MM/YYY

To

The Principal

ABC Engineering College

Chennai

Respected Sir,

Sub: Survey report on the reading habit of engineering students-reg.

As per the intimation NO.2156/14 dated 23.02.2019,1 have made an intensive survey
on the diminishing reading habit of youngsters with a special target on engineering students.
The report and the questionnaire used are enclosed for your perusal.

Thank You

Yours faithfully,

Xxxx
Executive Summary:

It is the hue and cry from the industrial sector that though lakhs of engineering

students are churned out every year, the students lack knowledge and attribute to survive in

this career. This pithy prompted the Principal of, to find the underlying cause for this

lacklustre situation. One of the senior Professors of the College has been given the task of

making a survey about the cause for this plight.

Procedure:

On receiving the assignment from the authorities, the Professor had a series of

discussion with her colleagues and her colleagues in the college and her friends outside the

college. She talked to parents of students from the urban and rural back ground. Also, she

talked to students from different strata of the society. Different Questionnaires were prepared
and distributed among parents and students (200 each) to analyse the reading habit among the
students The questionnaire to students was distributed randomly to students studying in the
different years and hailing from diverse background.

Findings:

On analyzing the questionnaire got from students, it has been heart-warming to find

that 30 % of the students have developed the reading habit on their own followed by 27.2%

and 18.2%with the help of parents and teachers respectively. Nearly 51%of the students

having the reading habit are from the urban.

It has been noted that girl students frequent the library for reading textual matters
only. When analysing the boys, they go once in a while and spend time reading the dailies or
magazines These days, students think that reading consumes a lot of time compared to
computers. They consider the internet more attractive. Students are more concerned about
earning for their living rather than broadening their knowledge. They are stressed due to
various pressures and they seek a way of escapism through easy means. They don't believe
that there is so much in reading.

Conclusion and recommendations:

1. The parents, teachers and the libraries should on their hands to develop the reading
habit in their wards in their early years itself .They should be encouraged to have a
passion for reading

2. At home, separate time and place can be allocated for reading.

3. It should be instilled in the minds of the youngsters that reading is the best source
of spending excess time at one's disposal

4. In schools and colleges, reading comprehension passages should be given. When

understanding the passages the students delve into the passages which help them to
develop their concentration, vocabulary power, imagination and creativity.

5. Teachers, especially the language teachers have the onus to motivate the students to
read. They should inspire independent reading and should encourage them to share
the findings or information to the case. This will make even the dull students to come
up his/her ability to read and share titbits in the class.

6. The school and college curriculum should be made more interactive to enable the
students develop an inquisitive mind and bring out the knowledge acquired.

7. The crucial aspect of Time management skills should be instilled in the minds of
youngsters.

8. With the advent of internet, creating a blog page and sharing information is a good
way to develop reading.

9. In libraries adequate reading areas with good lighting and ventilation should be
made to woo students to the quiet place.

10. Positive reading shows in the higher academic performances.

 Though a little has been discussed about the significance of reading and how it can be
overcome the influence of the digital media like the television internet, video game, etc. Due
developed among students especially engineering students, students should be taught to the
invasion of the electronic media, students visiting libraries are in the decline. So,

parents, teachers and the librarians should make effort to imbibe the reading habit in students
by announcing rewards /prizes. That in turn will make our students employable and be
successful citizens for the future India.

Appendix 1

Questionnaire for parents

1. Are you a working parent? Yes/No

2. How much time do you spend with your children? 5 - 10 hours; 2 - 3 hours ; none

3. Do you have track of their friends? Yes/No

4. Can you specify their friends ?1/2/3/4/5.....

5. How much time do you spend on television ?5-10 hours; 2-3 hours; less than 2 hours

6. What are the programmes you are interested in? Serials / News / Sports

7. Did you have the habit of reading for your children as a kid? Yes/No

8. Do you have a library space at home? Yes/No

9. Do you have the habit of reading? Yes/No

Appendix 2

Questionnaire for students

1. Your gender: Male/Female

2. How much time do you spend for reading?1-2 hours / 2-3 hours / 3-5hours / None
3. What is the purpose of your reading?

Leisure / Hobby/For studies only/To gain knowledge / pleasure.

4. What is your frequency of reading for pleasure?

Frequently / Sometimes /Rarely /None

5. What are the materials

you read with pleasure?

Newspapers / Magazines / Comic books /Science fiction / None

6. Hours spent each day on the following activities:

a) Talking on the phone - 1 hour/2 hours/3 hours....

b) Watch Television/Movies -

c) Browsing the net -

d) Play video games -

e) Reading -

f) Spend time with family -

g) Listen to music -

7. When given the option of choosing books, what will you give importance?

Author/type of book / Number of pages/ Abstract or Summary

8. To be frank...to you reading will be for any of these ..

Exciting/fun/information /boring/ for studies only

9. What is the frequency of visit to your college library?

Daily/weekly / fortnightly / monthly / none

10. Who is the inspiration behind your reading habit :

Parent, Teachers / Personal

 PROJECT REPORT

From

XXXX

II Year B.TECH IT

ABC Engineering College

Chennai

Date: DD/MM/YY

To

The Head of the Department

Department of Information Technology

ABC Engineering College

Chennai.

Respected Sir,

Sub: Project Report on The Training for Interns

The project report has been prepared to inform the Head of the Department
advantages of going for internship at Cognizant Technologies Pvt Ltd. The practical exposure
that one gets during such training is useful for engineering students. The report is enclosed
for your perusal.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

XXXX
Executive Summary:

The project report has been prepared to inform the Head of the Department
advantages of going for internship at Cognizant Technologies Pvt Ltd. The practical exposure
that one gets during such training is useful for engineering students.

Requirements:

 Python version 3.x

 Tkinter Python GIUI
 Sqlite3

Abstract:

The project mainly aims to track the covid-19 cases in India and demo slot booking
application. The application uses python server less data base at it backend and it uses a
python code to run the application .Python Tkinter is used for GUI. It requires just a simple
application for vaccination booking

Outcome:
I had started my summer internship on 15th January. On the first 10 days, it required
to make a literature study of the products that are being manufactured, the different levels of
work force, the different sections and given tasks to be done under the supervision of a
senior. We were sent to the various departments one week each. This has helped us to get an
overall knowledge of all the departments and the machinery. We were thrilled to use the
technical knowledge we had acquired in college.

Solution and action:

 Student perform their task on live project with the application of the concepts learned
theoretically
 Students get trained by experts with years of experience.
 This training helps to bridge the gap between the knowledge acquired and industrial
demand.
 The training helps the students to choose the career appropriate for them.
 Students get a smooth transition to professional life.
 They acquire the required skills like problem solving, analytical and communication
skills during the training.
Key findings:

Many employers use industry work experience as a prerequisite for the new recruits.
Employers also use this period as a chance to assess new employees for future employment.
If one can demonstrate the ability to take up responsibility, make sound decisions and apply
technical skills- he/she will stand out as someone who might be great for their organization.
Also, it will be an opportunity to evaluate the company and decide whether it will be suitable
for him/her. Most of the students expressed their increased level of confidence after the
training. The real work environment placed them in a state of security. They felt that their
attitude towards work and the world large has improved to a great extent.

Recommendations:

1. Before starting on a training program, it is important that the students learn about
the organization at least to some extent.

2. Maximum effort should be taken to acquire the skills required in the work place

3. Make efforts to create a good will with your employers by exhibiting positive
attitude and interest.
 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXT
1. What is the author trying to say? Answer this question by summarising the main argument
in two or three sentences.

The text gives an account of the potential of nanotechnology in computer technology

research. It also warns against the risk of not effectively coordinating the technology when it
is developed. In this case, the title itself provides a good summary of the content.

2. Who is the text intended for (the audience)? Other people who do similar work to the
author, or anybody who has a general interest?

The text is essentially a review of some of the current scientific political and business
aspects of the topic and would be of most interest to people who would want to know what
kind of research was being conducted into the technology, and who was conducting it. This is
supported by the technical elements of the text and the references to specialist organisations.

3. Is the author trying to persuade you or inform you in the text?

The aim would appear to be to inform the reader of the current situation regarding the topic.

4. Can you think of anything that is left out of the text?

On the surface, the article would appear to cover a good range of research questions related to
the topic as well as issues related to the policy decision of its use. However, a reader who is
familiar with the field may identify missing elements or themes.

5. Does the author present a balanced picture of the topic?

Balance would appear to be achieved between reporting the situation regarding

research on the one hand, and political and business issues related to its development on the
other. There is only a very brief reference to the concerns that some have over the
development of this technology, although the title suggests that this is not an aspect that the
article would be covering.

6. Does the writer oversimplify complex ideas?

Clearly there are very complex ideas associated with nanotechnology. Aspects of the
technology are referred to for the purpose of the text, and many of these are in the form of
quotations from researchers. For the purpose of this article, they appear to respond with
sufficient detail to illustrate the points that are made.
7. Are the ideas of others represented fairly and accurately?

This article is largely composed of the views of others. Extensive use of quotation is
used to represent the views of those involved in research with paraphrase often used to
introduce the direct quotations. Clearly the emphasis is on the views of those who regard
nanotechnology as having a significant impact on computer technology through its
application. Although “most experts agree that the real world application of nanotechnology
is at least a decade away", it is possible that some of these experts would argue that the
setting up of groups or organisations to coordinate the use of this technology is a little
premature. These views are not expressed.

8. Is there evidence to support the points made by the author?

There are extensive and fully referenced quotations and paraphrases of those working in the
area. Greater use of quotation and paraphrase is a feature of writing reviews in academic
writing, such as a Literature Review in a thesis.

9. Is there any indication of bias from the examples, tone or language used by the author?

The general message coming from the article is positive concerning the potential of
Nano technology, but there is concern over the ability of authorities to coordinate its effective
utilisation. The author uses a neutral tone. In other words, it is difficult to determine the
author's opinion because language that can express feelings about the topic is not used, unless
one accepts that positive views were deliberately chosen because they reflected the author's
bias. However, there is no direct evidence of this.

10. Do you agree with the points made by the author?

Your personal response depends on your position towards Nano technology research
and its use. However, it is important to recognise what the writer has tried to do. The neutral
tone, extensive use of carefully referenced quotation and paraphrase, balance of content with
respect to the title, together with the academic register of the language, have all combined to
create the academic 'feel' of the text. It does not contain examples of emotional or sensational
language to persuade the reader, and given its length, it appears to cover a reasonably wide
range of points related to the title. These are all features of effective academic writing.
 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Name of the applicant:

Course applied: MS in Computer Science

"Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you
truly want to become. Everything else is secondary." -Steve Jobs.
Ever since I was young, I have cultivated a deep love for problem solving. Right from a very
young age, I have always enjoyed coding and programming. At the same time, I have been
fond of mathematics and it easily became one of my most favoured subjects, Thanks to my
passion for problem solving I went on to pursue this dream in college. During my college
years, I decided to pursue a bachelor's of engineering in computer science. At that time, I
learned the ins and outs of computer programming as well as where my strong points were.
Studying computer science shapes more than just your academic life and career. Since I
started programming, I have seen the logic and critical thinking required for the field
permeate into my daily life. I have become fascinated by the continuous development of new
programming languages and the logic behind translating that to efficient machine
programming. My most recent job experience was working at Cognizant technology solutions
as a senior programmer. With that position I have created user information and developed
solutions based on components of JAVA programming. I am now looking at pursuing an MS
in computer science. I want to get myself involved myself with teaching and research. I have
already discussed my options with my seniors and professors as well as colleagues regarding
my options at university. I believe that your institution is reputable because I have heard a lot
about all of your research facilities, as well as computing resources. This has further
intensified my resolve to study further in this field.