RESEARCH COMPETENCIES OF SELECTED GRADE 12 SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM)

STUDENTS IN SAN PEDRO APARTADO

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department

San Pedro Apartado National High School

Alcala, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for Practical Research 1

by:

Diaz, Ana Beatriz P.

Mari, Charles Dave S.

Valdez, Matt Zandro C.

Labasan, Ernest Gabriel V.

Galapia, Denmark Andrew B.

Cac, Arch Tinberlake C.

Bajo, Remar A.

June 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “Research Competencies of Selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Students in San Pedro Apartado National High School”. Prepared and

submitted by Ana Beatriz P. Diaz, Charles Dave S. Mari, Matt Zandro C.

Valdez, Ernest Gabriel V. Labasan, Denmark Andrew B. Galapia, Arch

Tinberlake C. Cac, and Remar A. Bajo, in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the Practical Research 1 of San Pedro Apartado National

High School, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and

approval.

JERICA L. MABABA
Research Adviser
Date Signed: ____________

APPROVED BY:

SARA JEAN Z. MADRIAGA RODRIGO L.

VILLANUEVA
Panel Evaluator Panel Evaluator
Date Signed: ____________ Date Signed: ____________

DHANGIL T. SURATOS
Panel Evaluator
Date Signed: ____________

Requirements for the Practical Research 1.

i
 DOMINGO L. LAUD
Principal IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers thank their contributors who have given special

dimensions to their research. They also want to express their heartfelt gratitude

for the encouragement and help of the following important people who

contributed to much for this research.

To Ms. Jerica L. Mababa, our research adviser who help and guided

us throughout our research, who gave her full support in our group to finish our

paper.

To Mr. Dhangil T. Suratos, Mrs. Sara Jean Z. Madriaga, and Mr.

Rodrigo L. Villanueva, the panels who thoroughly went over the entire

manuscript of the questionnaire, who guided the researchers in the completion

of this research and who gave credible effort in checking errors.

To their beloved parents for their undying love and support to be

able to finish the study for giving enough necessities moral, spiritual and pursue

and financial support that would help strengthen and pursue to finish the study.

They would also like to thank their respondents for answering their

survey questionnaire and giving the data needed for the completion of their

research.

And above all, the Almighty God for all the blessings and guidance

all the time, for giving the researchers the highest form of knowledge and

patients in creating this research.

ii
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this research study, titled "Research Competencies of Selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in San

Pedro Apartado National High School" to our Almighty God, who gave us the

guidance, strength, and knowledge that we used to successfully complete this

research with great honor and pride, and second, to the Principal and Faculty of

San Pedro Apartado National High School, who shared IDR, to our parents who

provided financial and moral support for us to be motivated and successfully

defend this study with resounding joy in our hearts, and finally, to those involved

in conducting this study who unselfishly contributed their knowledge, time, and

effort in order for us to make our research a successful one, Thank you, and we

dedicate this to everyone who believes in our capability.

The Researchers

iii
 ABSTRACT

This study intended to know the Research Competencies of Selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Students in San

Pedro Apartado National High School.

The researchers identified the respondents' demographic profile based

on their sex and General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II. (The

other is the Knowledge in Inquiry and Research, Identifying the Inquiry and

Stating the Problem, Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect

Data, Finding Answers through Data Collection, and Reporting and Sharing

Findings. How the selected Grade 12 STEM students performed the proposed

measures to have an effective strategies in conducting research). In order to

identify the impacts, the researchers employed survey methodologies as

instruments. The likert scale research design was used for investigation. The

data was treated with frequency counts and percentages.

The findings of the study were interpreted through the given category

with the corresponding numerical value including Strongly Disagree - 1-1.79,

Disagree - 1.80-2.59, Neither Agree nor Disagree - 2.60-3.39, Agree - 3.40-4.19,

Strongly Agree - 4.20-5

According to the demographic profile of the selected Grade 12 STEM

students in San Pedro Apartado National High School who participated in this

study, one (1) of the respondents is male with a total of 34 percent in terms of

frequency. Two (2) of the respondents are female with a total of 66 percent in
iv
terms of frequency. In terms of General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II, the 3 respondents have an average of 96-100. Overall, the result

showed that all the respondents have 96-100 (GWA) in Practical Research II.

The effective strategies of the grade 12 STEM students in conducting

their research revealed their Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem,

have the greatest weighted mean of 4.58 with the descriptive equivalent of

Strongly Agree. The indicator with the lowest weighted mean is Understanding

Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data, with a descriptive equivalent of

Agree and has a weighted mean of 3.98.

Their effective strategies of the selected Grade 12 STEM students in

conducting their research are: seeking help to the research adviser or watching

videos on YouTube, brainstorming, just read and comprehend, and be familiar

with your research topic, and making time with their groupmates for them to

share their knowledge.

v
 Table of Contents

Page

Title Page …………………………………………………………………………..

Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………………………………… i

Acknowledge …………………………………………………………………………..………… ii

Dedication ………………………………………………………………………..………………. iii

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………..…………………. iv-v

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………. Vi-vii

Chapter I – THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study ……………………………………….…………….. 1

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………….…………….. 4

Paradigm of the Study ……………………………………………………….… 5

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………….…. 6

Scope and Delimitation …………………………………………………….….. 7

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………….…….. 7

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………….……….. 8

Chapter II – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………………………………………………………….……….. 9

Population and Sampling …………………………………………….………… 11

Data Gathering Instrument ……………………………………….………….. 11

Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………….……………. 12

vi
 Treatment of Data …………………………………………………..…………….12

Chapter III – RESULTS/FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Findings and Discussion ………………………………………….……………. 14

Individual Cases …………………………………………………….…………….. 25

Chapter IV – SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ………………………………………………………………….……………………. 33

Conclusions ………………………………………………….……………………… 36

Recommendations ………………………………………….……………………. 37

Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………….……… 38

Appendices …………………………………………………………….………………………. 40

A. Letter to Evaluator…………………………………………….……………..

B. Evaluation Sheet ………………………………………….………………….

C. Letter to the Respondents ……………………….……………………….

D. Questionnaire ……………………………………….………………………..

Curriculum Vitae …………………………………………………………………….………. 49

vii
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Research is the process of investigating and gathering data to obtain

and prove facts. It is one way to gain new skills and improve one’s capabilities.

Students' skills in conducting research will improve significantly in this course,

which are important components in the qualitative research process. Students

will learn how to conduct research to adapt it to their desired field.

Researchers are people who have precise and specific knowledge,

involvement, instruction, capabilities, aptitudes, and preparation for total

investigation to conduct research in a specific field or range of ability. A

researcher is mindful of collecting, organizing, and confirming fundamental data

for a particular subject. Researchers' obligations incorporate analyzing

information, gathering, and comparing assets guaranteeing actualities, sharing

discoveries with the complete research group, following required techniques,

performing direct work as required, and keeping basic data private. Academic

researchers face a significant challenge in finding enough time for all the

activities required to conduct and supervise their research. As they

enthusiastically discover new skills and generate a better and greater perspective

on research, they will discover how much fun it can be to conduct research.

Enhanced Basic Education Act (RA 10533) was signed into law in 2013

thus it was crafted to improve the country’s education system through a

strengthened curriculum. A key feature of this law is the Senior High School

(SHS)
program that added Grade 11 and Grade 12 making compulsory pre-college

education. The SHS program was rolled out in 2016, which seeks to produce

students that are holistically developed, equipped with 21st century skills and

prepared for the future, regardless of their chosen paths, may it be higher

education, attainment of middle-level skills, employment, or entrepreneurship.

Research is one of the subjects covered in applied. Practical Research

1, Practical Research 2, Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion, and Research

Project are the four (4) research topics for Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics (STEM) strand. Exposing students to conduct research will

allow them to (1) increase students’ understanding towards research process,

laboratory techniques and scientific problem after research exposure; (2) think

and work like scientist specifically on how research is being conducted, extending

knowledge, understanding the theories that will guide them in their research

project and interpreting scientific data; (3) build confidence towards their ability

in doing research and initiating scientific discussion with supervisors; and (4)

provide them opportunities to pursue their interest and reshape their future

career plans like graduating with honors and pursuing careers in conducting

research (Lopatto, 2004; Myatt, 2009).

Santos (2019) assessed the research capability of the first batch of

senior high students by devising a questionnaire and using methodological

triangulation of the samples’ self, experts’ and researcher’s assessment on the

research paper outputs to compare if consistent results were found so that

validity was established.

2
 According to Trimmer (1992) states that in conducting research,

researchers must be cautious. They must allocate plenty of time to complete

each stage of the activity. They need to add some more hours or weeks before

the scheduled deadline because there are some things that take more time than

what is planned, and there are some stages in research work that are more

difficult than what the researchers expect. In short, there are unexpected

difficulties and problems, and they may lead to academic failures.

One study conducted by Claessens (2007) asserts that any

researchers face the challenges of competing demands, interruptions, and

internal and external distractions while working to build and maintain a

successful program of research. Time management, defined as deliberate actions

aimed at the effective use of time to achieve specific, goal-directed activities, is a

skill necessary to maintaining scholarly productivity.

Many researchers face the

challenges of competing demands,
interruptions,
and internal and external
distractions while working to build
and maintain

3
a successful program of research.
Time management, defined as
deliberate
actions aimed at the effective use of
time to achieve specific, goal-
directed
activities, is a skill necessary to
maintaining scholarly productivity
(Claessens,
van Eerde, & Rutte, 2007).
Furthermore, the benefits of
effective time man-
agement may extend to improved
job satisfaction and stress-related
outcomes
(Claessens et al., 2007). Strategies
for time management fall into three
broad
4
categories: time assessment
behaviors, planning behaviors, and
monitoring
behaviors (Claessens et al., 2007).
Using a variety of personalized
strategies
in each category is essential to
effectively manage time
and internal and external
distractions while working to build
and maintain
a successful program of research.
Time management, defined as
deliberate
actions aimed at the effective use of
time to achieve specific, goal-
directed

5
activities, is a skill necessary to
maintaining scholarly productivity
(Claessens,
van Eerde, & Rutte, 2007).
Furthermore, the benefits of
effective time man-
agement may extend to improved
job satisfaction and stress-related
outcomes
(Claessens et al., 2007). Strategies
for time management fall into three
broad
categories: time assessment
behaviors, planning behaviors, and
monitoring
behaviors (Claessens et al., 2007).
Using a variety of personalized
strategies
6
in each category 2008).
Management”, 2008).
With this given facts and perspective, this study aims to identify and

describe the competencies in conducting research of selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students. The researchers set

out to design and build an instrument that was both valid and dependable.

Furthermore, the researchers wanted to pursue this study to serve as a future

references to other students planning to choose STEM strand in Senior High

School

Conceptual Framework

The researchers conceptualized the research competencies of selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in

San Pedro Apartado National High School based on the particular demographics

of the respondents.

This study considered the profile variables of the specified

respondents such as sex and General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II, which include the proposed strategies for conducting research by

the selected Grade 12 STEM students.

7
 The research competences established by Remus Mogonea

(2019) from the implementation of a pedagogical research project are as follows:

the acquisition of new knowledge, the identification of educational problems,

synthesis and argumentation, metacognition, knowledge of new research

methods, the possibility of developing research tools and the interpretation and

dissemination of results.

Research studies have presented challenges that must be considered

for future research. Within the research gaps addressed in the classification

of Kroll (2018) for the study of research competencies, some of the categories

are appropriate: Research Topic (RT) 1: Collaboration, RT2: Feasibility, RT3:

Knowledge Sharing, RT4: Research Opportunities and RT6: Skill Differences.

Critical thinking and academic literacy are considered amongst the challenges for

developing academic writing from research skills.

Paradigm of the Study

Input Process Output

Profile of the
respondents

Research
competencies in
the content
standard and
performance
standard
a. Knowledge in Proposed 8
strategies in
Inquiry and
research
Research
competencies to
 Data collection
and analysis
of data based
from the
methods used:
Survey
Questionnaire

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine the research capabilities of

selected Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

students at San Pedro Apartado National Highschool.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions;

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

a. Sex; and

b. General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II?

9
2. What are the research competencies that the Grade 12 STEM students have in

conducting their research in terms of;

a. Knowledge in inquiry and research;

b. Identifying the inquiry and stating the problem;

c. Understanding data and ways to systematically collect data;

d. Finding Answers through Data Collection; and

e. Reporting and Sharing Findings?

3. What measure can be proposed to have an effective strategies of the selected

Grade 12 STEM students in conducting their research?

Scope and Delimitations

The study is delimited on the selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students who are conducting their

research. Researchers selected three (3) STEM students in San Pedro Apartado

National High School as participants of the study.

The researchers conducted this study during the Second Semester of

the school year 2021-2022.

10
Significance of the Study

This study aims to investigate the research competencies of selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in

San Pedro Apartado National High School. This study benefited the groups of

people mentioned below. This study may help them when conducting research.

To the STEM students, it will help thoroughly with what they can go

through in research and with the challenges they may face in their field and how

they have produced great ways to research and resolve the challenges.

To the Researchers, this study will provide information about the

competencies of researchers, what are their effective ways of researching in their

own fields. This study will help to have a broader understanding about the

framework of a researcher.

To the Future Researchers, this will serve as a guide in providing

additional helpful information to those who will also be doing their own and

similar studies in the coming years.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally.

 Competence: Competence is defined as the ability to conduct research

efficiently or effectively.

 Engineering: Engineering is concerned with the application of

mathematics and science to the solution of problems, as well as the

construction and creation of structures, buildings, and machines.

11
  Grade 12 STEM Students: Grade 12 STEM students are senior high

school students in San Pedro Apartado National High School who are

currently conducting their research and the respondents of our research

paper.

 Learning Competency: Learning Competency is used to describe specific

applied abilities and knowledge that enable researchers to accomplish

research paper.

 Mathematics: Mathematics is a number science in which numbers,

formulas, and shapes are used to solve problems.

 Research: Research is a method of gathering information to obtain facts.

 Research Competency: Research competency is the measure of

knowledge and refers to the abilities and ways of conducting research.

 Science: Science is the methodical study and knowledge of anything based

on facts acquired by observation, inquiry, and experimentation.

 Technology: Technology refers to the machinery and equipment that has

aided humankind and made difficult tasks easier.

CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is the procedures or strategies used to find,

collect, process, and analyze data about a subject. The methodology part of a

research paper allows the reader to assess the effective methodology and

credibility of the study.

12
Research Design

This study used descriptive survey methods to evaluate the

demographic profile of the respondents such as sex, and General Weighted

Average (GWA) in Practical Research II. The research competencies of the

selected Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

students in terms of knowledge in inquiry and research, identifying the inquiry

and stating the problem, understanding data and ways to systematically collect

data, finding answers through data collection, and reporting and sharing findings

that helped their research.

Descriptive research is a method involving collecting, assessing,

identifying, and summarizing data regarding current circumstances, practices,

thoughts, procedures, and occurrence relations, along with providing a sufficient

and reliable understanding of the data, both with and without statistical

treatment. The researchers proposed a survey questionnaire.  In survey

research, researchers design a survey or questionnaire and disseminate it to the

respondents. This is often employed to get immediate data from the primary

source and to undergo rigorous and qualitative research.

According to Kumar (2011), “a study in which the focus is on

description, rather than examining relationships or associations, is classified as a

descriptive study. A descriptive study attempts systematically to describe a

situation, problem, phenomenon, service, or program, or provides information

about, say, the living conditions of a community, or describes attitudes towards

an issue”.
13
 Survey research may use a variety of data collection methods with the

most common being questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires may be self-

administered or administered by a professional, may be administered individually

or in a group, and typically include a series of items reflecting the research aims.

Questionnaires may include demographic questions in addition to valid and

reliable research instruments (Costanzo, et. al, 2012)

Population and Sampling

The selected Grade 12 STEM students from San Pedro Apartado

National High School are eligible to participate in this study. This study helped to

determine the skills and competencies of selected Grade 12 STEM students.

Three (3) Grade 12 STEM students are the total number of respondents.

Availability sampling was used to determine the population's characteristics as

well as the study's goal.

14
Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers used the survey questionnaire to collect information

to identify the competencies of selected Grade 12 STEM students at San Pedro

Apartado National High School.

The questionnaire consists of three parts. Part one of the

questionnaire contains the respondent's demographic profile or private

information such as sex, and General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II. Part two intends to compile a list of selected Grade 12 STEM

students' research competencies in terms of knowledge in inquiry and research,

identifying the inquiry and stating the problem, understanding data and ways to

systematically collect data, finding answers through data collection, and

reporting and sharing findings. The third section discusses the methods used by

selected Grade 12 STEM students to attain their research study.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers constructed permission letter to be presented to the

respondents to know if they are willing to answer the survey question or not.

The researchers gave adequate time for the selected Grade 12 STEM students at

San Pedro Apartado National High School to provide information. The

researchers interviewed the selected respondents face-to-face to gather

information needed in the study following safety protocols as prescribed by the

15
Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for the Management of Emerging Infectious

Disease protocols.

Treatment of Data

Data were obtained, collected, categorized, and counted, with

appropriate statistical treatment serving as the foundation for the results'

interpretation.

To answer statement 1 of the problem, frequency counts and percentages was

used.

Formula for the average weighted mean:

Weighted mean = Σfx

n

F- Frequency of each number

X- Assigned weight

N- Total number of respondents

I- Total sum of frequency of each item multiplied by the assigned weight divide

by the total number of respondents.

To answer statement 2 of the problem, the researchers used an average

weighted mean and employ a likert scale, which is a sort of psychometric in

which respondents rate their level of agreement with a statement on a five-point

scale: (5) Strongly Agree; (4) Agree; (3) Neutral; (2) Disagree; and (1) Strongly

Disagree.

Numerical Value Transmuted Rating Descripted Equivalent

16
 5 4.20-5 Strongly Agree

4 3.40-4.19 Agree

3 2.60-3.39 Neutral

2 1.80-2.59 Disagree

1 1-1.79 Strongly Disagree

To answer statement of the problem 3, the data collected from this study was

used to come up with proposed effective strategies in conducting research.

CHAPTER III

RESULTS/FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter explains the findings of the study, including an analysis

and interpretation of the collected data. The presentation is organized according

to the various research competencies listed in Chapter I.

17
Table 1. Frequency and Distribution of the Profile of the Respondents
n=3
VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A. SEX

MALE 1 34%
FEMALE 2 66%
B. GENERAL WEIGHTED AVERAGE (GWA) IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
75-80 0 0%
81-85 0 0%
86-90 0 0%
91-95 0 0%
96-100 3 100%

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1 presents the frequency of distribution of the profile of the

respondents in terms of sex and General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II.

Sex - As seen in the table above, there is 1 male, which is 34%, and 2

females, which is 66% of the respondents in frequency. The data revealed that

most of the respondents were female.

General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II - According to

the table above, the 3 respondents had a 96-100 General Weighted Average in

Practical Research II, with a total frequency of 100%. According to the data, all

of the respondents have a high GWA when it comes to performing research.

Table 2.1 Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
18
Pedro Apartado National High School in Terms of Knowledge in Inquiry
and Research
n=3
KNOWLEDGE IN INQUIRY AWM DE
AND RESEARCH
1. I understand the importance of 5 Strongly Agree
quantitative research across fields.
2. I can select appropriate quantitative/ 4.3 Strongly Agree
qualitative research in a variety of
areas of interest.
3. I can describe the characteristics, 4.3 Strongly Agree
strengths, and weaknesses, as well
the kinds of quantitative research.
4. I can distinguish between various 4.6 Strongly Agree
types of variables.
5. I can use appropriate kinds of 4.3 Strongly Agree
research in making decisions.
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.5 Strongly Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly
Disagree- 1-1.79, Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19,
Strongly Agree- 4.20-5

Knowledge in Inquiry and Research

The highest weighted mean of 5 refers to the "importance of

quantitative research". The weighted mean of 4.6 refers to "various types of

variables". The lowest weighted mean of 4.3 refers to "appropriate

quantitative/qualitative research in a variety of areas of interest,"

"characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the kinds of quantitative

research," and lastly, "kinds of research in making decisions".

This implies that all the respondents can comprehend the significance

of quantitative and qualitative research in a range of topics of interest for their

research paper. Overall, the weighted mean obtained by the selected Grade 12

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in SPANHS

19
was 4.5, which is equivalent to strongly agree. Based on their answers, the

respondents have no problem in terms of knowledge in inquiry and research.

According to Healey and Jenkins (2009), they stated that recognizing

the terms ‘inquiry’ and ‘research’ are subject to differing interpretations, and that

this is a complicating factor in definitions of IBL, ‘undergraduate research’ and

the relation between these, for convenience we use inquiry and research

interchangeably or in combination to refer inclusively to all forms of scholarly

exploration and investigation carried out by students as part of their studies.

Where a specific meaning is attributed to the term used, we signal this.

Goodyear and Zenios (2007), proposing that higher education should

be seen as preparation for knowledge work, see students’ engagement in

collaborative inquiry as the means of developing their capacity to understand and

participate in different ways of creating knowledge in different contexts, or their

‘epistemic fluency’

Table 2.2 Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
Pedro Apartado National High School in Terms of Identifying the
Inquiry and Stating the Problem
n=3

IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AWM DE

AND STATING THE PROBLEM
1. I can write a research title base 4.3 Strongly Agree
on my area of interest.

20
 2. I can state the needed data on 4.3 Strongly Agree
the background of the study.
3. I can formulate the problem 4.3 Strongly Agree
statement for the research project.
4. I can indicate the scope together 5 Strongly Agree
with the delimitation of the study.
5. I can cite benefits along with 5 Strongly Agree
beneficiaries of the research study.
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.58 Strongly Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly
Disagree- 1-1.79, Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19,
Strongly Agree- 4.20-5

Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem

The highest weighted mean of 5 refers to "scope together with the

delimitation of the study" and "benefits along with beneficiaries of the research

study". Lastly, the weighted mean of 4.3 refers to "research title based on the

area of interest," "needed data on the background of the study," and "problem

statement for the research project."

This implies that all the respondents can specify the scope and

delimitation and indicate the benefits and beneficiaries that their research paper

needs. Overall, the weighted mean acquired by the selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in SPANHS was

4.58, which is equivalent to strongly agree. Based on their answers, the

respondents have no difficulty in identifying the inquiry and stating the problem.

According to National Science Education Standards, inquiry is central to

science learning. When engaging in inquiry, students describe objects and

events, ask questions, construct explanations, test those explanations against

current scientific knowledge, and communicate their ideas to others. They

21
identify their assumptions, use critical and logical thinking, and consider

alternative explanations. In this way, students actively develop their

understanding of science by combining scientific knowledge with reasoning and

thinking skills. Riaizi’s (2000) claim that the statement of the problem is a major

component of a proposal or a thesis, whilst the other sections are the

complementary parts with the aim of contextualizing the problem.

Table 2.3 Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
Pedro Apartado National High School in Understanding Data and Ways
to Systematically Collect Data
n=3

UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS AWM DE

TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT DATA
1. I can choose an appropriate quantitative 4.3 Strongly Agree
research design for research methodology.
2. I can describe the sampling procedure, 3.6 Agree
including the sample for our study.
3. I can construct an instrument as well as 4 Agree
establish its validity and reliability.
4. I can plan the data collection procedure 4 Agree
for our research.
5. I can plan data analysis using statistics 4 Agree
with hypothesis testing.
Overall Average Weighted Mean 3.98 Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly Disagree- 1-1.79,
Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19, Strongly Agree- 4.20-5
Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data

The highest weighted mean of 4.3 refers to “appropriate quantitative

research design for research methodology”. The second highest weighted mean

of 4, refers to “instrument as well as its validity and reliability”, “data collection

procedure for the research study”, and “data analysis using statistics with

22
hypothesis testing”. Lastly, the lowest weighted mean of 3.6 refers to “the

sampling procedure including the sample for the study”.

This implies that most of the respondents can choose an appropriate

quantitative research design for research methodology but can’t describe the

sampling procedure, including the sample for the study, well. Overall, the

weighted mean attained by the selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in SPANHS was 3.98, which is

equivalent to agree. According to their responses, the respondents struggle in

terms of understanding data and ways to systematically collect data.

  Strier et al., (2010) states that researchers have realized the

importance of data sharing, and many scientific communities have paid

considerable attention to the benefits of data sharing due to the premise that

data sharing would contribute significantly to the advancement of science. 

Table 2.4 Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
Pedro Apartado National High School in Finding Answer Through Data
Collection
n=3

FINDING ANSWER THROUGH AWM DE

DATA COLLECTION

23
1. I am familiar with data collection 4.3 Strongly Agree
procedures and have experience
with a variety of instruments.
2. I am honest in collecting data 5 Strongly Agree
3. I can collect data using appropriate 4.6 Strongly Agree
Instruments.
4. I can interpret data in tabular 4 Agree
graphical forms.
5. I can use statistical techniques to 4.3 Strongly Agree
analyze data.
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.44 Strongly Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly
Disagree- 1-1.79, Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19,
Strongly Agree- 4.20-5

Finding Answers through Data Collection

The highest weighted mean of 5 refers to “honest in collecting data”.

The second highest weighted mean of 4.6 refers to “collecting data using

appropriate instruments”. The third highest weighted mean of 4.3 refers to

“familiar with data collection procedures and have experience”, and “use

statistical techniques to analyze data”. The lowest weighted mean of 4 refers to

“interpreting data in tabular graphic forms”.

This implies that the respondents are honest in collecting data, but

they have difficulty interpreting data in tabular graphic forms. Overall, the

weighted mean attained by the selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in SPANHS was 4.44, which is

equivalent to strongly agree. According to their responses, the respondents don’t

have problems in terms of finding answers through data collection.

24
 According to Taylor, S. J, et. al, (2015), The term methodology refers

to the way in which we approach problems and seek answers. In the social

sciences, the term applies to how research is conducted. Our assumptions,

interests, and purposes shape with methodology we choose.

Table 2.5 Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
Pedro Apartado National High School Reporting and Sharing Findings
n=3
REPORTING AND SHARING AWM DE
FINDINGS
1. I can form logical conclusions from 4.3 Strongly Agree
research findings.
2. I can formulate recommendations 4.6 Strongly Agree
based on the research findings.
3. I can perform the process in writing 4.3 Strongly Agree
report.
4. I can present a clear, written 4.3 Strongly Agree
research report.
5. I can finalize, as well as present the 4.6 Strongly Agree
best design for our research study.
Overall Average Weighted Mean 4.42 Strongly Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly
Disagree- 1-1.79, Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19,
Strongly Agree- 4.20-5

Reporting and Sharing Findings

The highest weighted mean of 4.6 refers to "formulate

recommendations based on the research findings" and "finalize, as well as

present the best design for research study". The lowest weighted mean of 4.3

refers to "forming logical conclusions from research findings", "performing the

process of writing a report", and "presenting a clear, written research report".

25
 This implies that the respondents can formulate recommendations

based on the research findings and can finalize, as well as present the best

design for their study, but have difficulty in forming logical conclusions from

research findings, performing the process in writing report, and presenting a

clear written research report. Overall, the weighted mean attained by the

selected Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

students in SPANHS was 4.42, which is equivalent to strongly agree. According

to their responses, the respondents don’t have difficulty in reporting and sharing

findings.

Peat, G., et. al (2014) states that Transparent and complete study

reporting is important because decision making in clinical practice and policy

relies on bias-free evidence, and study generalizability and usefulness for meta-

analysis and decision modelling rely on completeness and detail. Data sharing

makes data collected for one purpose accessible to other investigators, including

data curation activities such as documentation of meta-data (data about data),

harmonisation procedures, and tools to support the accessibility of datasets. All

these activities need to be conducted within a strong governance framework.

Table 2.5 Summary of Selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San Pedro Apartado
National High School in Terms of Knowledge in Inquiry and Research,
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem, Understanding Data

26
and Ways to Systematically Collect Data, Finding Answers through
Data Collection, and Reporting and Sharing Findings
n=3
INDICATORS WM DE
A. Knowledge in Inquiry and Research 4.5 Strongly Agree
B. Identifying the Inquiry and Stating 4.58 Strongly Agree
the Problem
C. Understanding Data and Ways 3.98 Agree
to Systematically Collect Data
D. Finding Answers through Data 4.44 Strongly Agree
Collection
E. Reporting and Sharing Findings 4.42 Strongly Agree
Average Weighted Mean 4.384 Strongly Agree
Legend: AWM *Average Weighted Mean, DE *Descriptive Equivalent, Strongly
Disagree- 1-1.79, Disagree- 1.80-2.59, Neutral- 2.60-3.39, Agree- 3.40-4.19,
Strongly Agree- 4.20-5

SUMMARY

Based on all the tables above, the overall weighted mean is 4.384 with

a descriptive equivalent of "Strongly Agree." The indicators that have the highest

weighted mean of 4.5 are Knowledge in Inquiry and Research and Identifying

the Inquiry and Stating the Problem with a descriptive equivalent of Strongly

Agree. The indicator that has the lowest weighted mean is Understanding Data

and Ways to Systematically Collect Data, which is 3.98 with a descriptive

equivalent of "Agree."

Effective Strategies in Conducting Research

The researchers found out from the respondents that the following are

effective strategies in conducting research in Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics. First is that we must be aware of the things that

you want to achieve in conducting your study. Another one is seeking help from
27
the research adviser or watching video tutorials on YouTube. Another thing is

that we motivate ourselves by keeping in mind that research is really important.

Also, we make time with their group mates to share their knowledge.

Based on Hwang, G. J., et. al, (2020)” Science, Technology, Engineering,

Mathematics (STEM) has been recognized by educators as an important

educational objective in the 21st century. It provides a new vision of education

by encouraging schoolteachers to engage students in problem-solving, critical-

thinking, and creative-thinking tasks using the knowledge and skills learned from

multiple disciplines. While the effectiveness of STEM has been recognized by

educators, the challenges of applying it to school settings have also been

indicated, such as the difficulties in designing cross-disciplinary tasks and

measuring students' learning performances.  This paper highlights the challenges

as well as the strategies for implementing STEM activities in school settings and

designing STEM research. It proposes several models for guiding researchers and

schoolteachers to develop STEM learning design are proposed. In addition, it

provides several strategies and measuring tools for developing in-depth

experimental STEM studies”.

Individual Cases

28
Case no. 1 is a male student at San Pedro Apartado National High School. He is

currently taking Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

He has a General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II of 96-100.

Knowledge in Inquiry and Research - with regards to understanding

the importance of quantitative research across fields in conducting research, he

strongly agrees. He strongly agreed that he could select appropriate quantitative

or qualitative research in a variety of areas of interest. He strongly agreed if he

could describe the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the

kinds of quantitative research. He strongly agrees in terms of distinguishing

between various types of variables. Lastly, he strongly agreed that he could use

appropriate kinds of research in making decisions. Based on his answers in terms

of knowledge in inquiry and research, he strongly agreed, so it means that he

doesn’t have a problem.

Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem—with regards to writing a

research title based on the area of interest, he answered, "Agree." He agreed

that he could state the needed data on the background of their study. He

strongly agreed that he could formulate the problem statement for their research

project. In terms of indicating the scope together with the delimitation of their

study, he strongly agreed. Lastly, he strongly agreed that he could cite benefits

along with beneficiaries of their research study. Based on his answers in terms of

identifying the inquiry and stating the problem, he mostly answered "strongly

agree," which means that he doesn’t have difficulty with this.

29
 Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data – regarding

choosing an appropriate quantitative research design for their research

methodology, he strongly agreed. He agreed that he could describe the sampling

procedure, including the sample for their study. Next is, he also agreed that he

could construct an instrument as well as establish its validity and reliability.

Another one is that, in terms of planning the data collection procedure for their

research, he strongly agreed. Lastly, he agreed that he could plan data analysis

using statistics with hypothesis testing. Based on his answers, it implies that he

doesn’t have problems in terms of understanding data and ways to

systematically collect data.

Finding Answers through Data Collection – With regard to being familiar

with data collection procedures and having experience with a variety of

instruments, he strongly agreed. He also strongly agreed in terms of being

honest in collecting data. He strongly agrees with his response that he can

collect data with the proper instruments. Another thing he strongly agrees on is

that he can interpret data in tabular graphical forms. Lastly, he strongly agrees

with his answer that he can use statistical techniques to analyze data. In his

overall answers with regard to finding answers through data collection, he

strongly agreed. It means that he can perform well.

Reporting and Sharing Findings – With regard to forming logical

conclusions from research findings, he answered, "Agree." He strongly agreed

that he could formulate recommendations based on the research findings. Third,

he strongly agreed in terms of carrying out the process of writing a report.

30
Fourth is, he strongly agrees that he can present a clear, written research report.

Lastly, in terms of finalizing as well as presenting the best design for their

research study, he strongly agreed. According to his answers, which mostly

strongly agree, it means that he doesn’t have difficulty in terms of reporting and

sharing findings.

In his own perspective, his effective methods for writing an excellent

research paper are being aware of what he wanted to achieve in conducting

research. Brain storming is his solution when he, among his groupmates, has

difficulty doing research. His way of keeping himself motivated to keep doing

research, which can help once he’s in college, is the ideas they gathered in their

study that may help widen his knowledge about the topic of their research

paper. He can manage his time while doing research by having ideas about the

task given to him so that he can easily do it and there will be no time wasted. All

his groupmates cooperated and shared their ideas when doing research.

Case no. 2 is a female student at San Pedro Apartado National High School. She

has a General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II of 96-100. She’s

currently taking Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

Knowledge in Inquiry and Research – with regards to the understanding

the importance of quantitative research across fields in conducting research, she

answered strongly agree. She agreed that she could select appropriate

quantitative or qualitative research in a variety of areas of interest. Then she

agreed that she could describe the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, as
31
well as the kinds of quantitative research. She agreed in terms of distinguishing

between various types of variables. Lastly, she answered neutrally that she could

use appropriate kinds of research in making decisions. Based on her answers in

terms of knowledge in inquiry and research, there is 1 strongly agree, 3 agree,

and 1 neutral, which means that she does have a slight difficulty.

Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem – with regards to writing a

research title based on the area of interest, she answered "agree." She also

agreed that she could state the needed data on the background of their study.

She agreed that she could formulate the problem statement for their research

project. In terms of indicating the scope together with the delimitation of their

study, she strongly agreed. Lastly, she strongly agreed that she could cite

benefits along with beneficiaries of their research study. Based on her answers in

terms of identifying the inquiry and stating the problem, her answers are 3 agree

and 2 strongly agree. This means that she doesn’t have difficulty with this .

Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data - She

answered "agree" regarding choosing an appropriate quantitative research

design for research methodology. She also agreed that she could describe the

sampling procedure, including the sample for their study. She agreed that she

could construct an instrument as well as establish its validity and reliability.

Then, she answered neutrally that she could plan the data collection procedure

for their research. Lastly, she also answered neutrally that if she can plan data

analysis using statistics with hypothesis testing. Based on her answers, 3 agreed

32
and 2 neutral. This means that she does have any problems in terms of

understanding data and ways to systematically collect data.

Finding Answers through Data Collection - With regard to being

familiar with data collection and having experience with a variety of instruments,

she answered neutral. She strongly agreed that she is truthful in her data

collection. She agreed that she could collect data using appropriate instruments.

And she answered neutral if she could interpret data in tabular graphical forms.

Lastly, she also answered neutral that she can use statistical techniques to

analyze data. Based on her answers, 3 neutral, 1 strongly agree and 1 agree,

this means that she has a problem or difficulty in terms of finding answers

through data collection.

Reporting and Sharing Findings - She answered "agree" regarding forming

logical conclusions from research findings. She also agreed that she could

formulate recommendations based on the research findings. Then, she answered

neutrally that she could perform the process in a written report. She agreed that

she could present a clear, written research report. Lastly, she agreed that she

could finalize as well as present the best design for their research study. Based

on her answers in terms of reporting and sharing findings, 4 agree and 1 is

neutral. This means that she does have a little problem.

In her own opinion, brainstorming, reading articles to gain more

information about their research study, and making sure that their adviser

checked their research paper are her most effective methods for writing an

excellent research paper. When she and her groupmates have difficulty
33
conducting research, she and her groupmates seek assistance from their

research adviser or watch video tutorials on YouTube. Her motivation to keep

doing research that will help once she’s in college is by keeping in mind that

research is really important, especially in the medical field. She can manage her

time doing research by making time with her groupmates for them to share their

knowledge about their study. All her groupmates cooperate and share their ideas

when doing research.

Case no. 3 is a female student at San Pedro Apartado National High School.

She’s currently taking Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics. She has a 96-100 General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II.

Knowledge in Inquiry and Research – with regards to the understanding

the importance of quantitative research across fields in conducting research, she

answered strongly agree. In selecting appropriate quantitative/qualitative

research in a variety of areas of interest, she answered agree. In describing the

characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the kinds of quantitative

research, she agreed. In distinguishing between various types of variables, she

answered strongly agree. Lastly, in using appropriate kinds of research in making

decisions, she strongly agrees. Her answers are 3 strongly agrees and 2 agrees

in terms of knowledge in inquiry and research. This means that she doesn’t have

problems.

34
 Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem – With regards to writing

a research title based on the area of interest in conducting research, she

answered, "Strongly agree." She also strongly agreed that she could state the

needed data on the background of their study. In formulating the problem

statement for their research project, she answered, "Agree." In terms of

indicating the scope together with the delimitation of their study, she strongly

agreed. Lastly, in citing benefits along with beneficiaries of their research study,

she strongly agrees. Based on her answers in terms of identifying the inquiry and

stating the problem, her answer is mostly strongly agreed. It means that she

doesn’t have a problem with this.

Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data - She

answered "agree" regarding choosing an appropriate quantitative research

design for research methodology. She answered neutrally that she could describe

the sampling procedure, including the sample for their study. In constructing an

instrument as well as establishing its validity and reliability, agree is her answer.

Then, she agreed that she could plan the data collection procedure for their

research. Lastly, in planning data analysis using statistics with hypothesis testing,

her answer is strongly agreed. This indicates that she has a minor issue with

data comprehension and systematic data collection.

Finding Answers through Data Collection - She strongly agreed, regarding

being familiar with data collection and having experience with a variety of

instruments. She also strongly agreed that she is honest in collecting data. Third,

she strongly agreed that she could collect data with appropriate instruments.
35
And she agreed if she could interpret the data in tabular graphical forms. Lastly,

she strongly agrees that she can use statistical techniques to analyze data.

Based on her answers, four strongly agree and one agrees. This means that she

doesn’t have any difficulty in finding answers through data collection.

Reporting and Sharing Findings - regarding forming logical conclusions

from research findings, she answered, "strongly agree." She also strongly agreed

that she could formulate recommendations based on the research findings. In

performing the process of writing a report, she also strongly agreed. In

presenting a clear, written research report, her answer is to agree. Lastly, in

presenting the best design for their research study, she strongly agrees. Based

on her answers in terms of reporting and sharing findings, 4 strongly agree and

1 agree. This means that she doesn't have a problem.

In her own personal reference, she says the most effective way of writing

an excellent research paper is to just read, read, and read and be familiar with

the topic. Her solution when she, among her groupmates, has had difficulty in

doing research is that they tend to seek some suggestions from their research

adviser. Her motivation for finishing their research is the satisfaction it can give

her when it is already finished. All her groupmates cooperated and shared their

ideas, and everyone made a significant contribution to their research paper.

36
 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter summarizes the findings of the research study, draws

conclusions, and makes recommendations.

Summary of Findings

In this study, the researchers determined the demographic profile of

the respondents in terms of Sex and General Weighted Average (GWA) in

Practical Research II. Another one is the Research Competencies of Selected

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics students in San

Pedro Apartado National High School in terms of Knowledge in Inquiry and

Research, Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem, Understanding Data

and Way to Systematically Collect Data, Finding Answers Through Data

Collection, and Reporting and Sharing Findings. Lastly, on how the selected

Grade 12 STEM students perform the effective strategies in conducting their

37
research. In this study, the researchers have three (3) respondents that are

willing to answer the survey questionnaire.

Based on the findings in terms of sex, there were three (3)

respondents, 1 male and 2 females. The data revealed that all of the

respondents that the researchers chose were 1 male and 2 female. In terms of

general weighted average (GWA) in Practical Research II, they all answered 96-

100. The data revealed that they all have the same GWA in Practical Research II.

Based on the findings, in terms of knowledge in inquiry and research,

the highest weighted mean refers to “I understand the importance of

quantitative research across fields” and the lowest weighted mean refers to “I

can select appropriate quantitative/qualitative research in a variety of areas of

interest”, “I can describe the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, as well

the ano decisions”. Overall, the weighted average obtained was 4.5 equivalent to

strongly agree.

In terms of identifying the inquiry and stating the problem, the highest

weighted mean refers to “I can indicate the scope together with the delimitation

of the study”, and “I can cite benefits along with beneficiaries of the research

study” and the lowest weighted mean refers to “ I can write a research title

based on my area of interest”, “I can state the needed data on the background

of the study”, and “I can formulate the problem statement for the research

project”. Overall, the weighted mean obtained was 4.58 equivalent to strongly

agree.

38
 In terms of understanding data and ways to systematically collect

data, the highest weighted mean refers to “I can choose an appropriate

quantitative research design for research methodology” and the lowest weighted

mean refers to “I can describe the sampling procedure, including the sample for

our study”. Overall, the weighted mean obtained was 3.98 equivalent to agree.

In terms of finding answer through data collection, the highest

weighted mean refers to “I am honest in collecting data” and the lowest

weighted mean refers “I can interpret data in tabular graphical forms”. Overall,

the weighted mean obtained was 4.44 equivalent to strongly agree.

In terms of reporting and sharing findings, the highest weighted refers

to “I can formulate recommendation based on the research of finding” and “I can

finalize, as well as present the best design for our research study”. The lowest

weighted mean refers to “I can form logical conclusions from research findings”,

“I can perform the process in writing report”, and “I can present a clear, written

research report”. Overall, the weighted mean obtained was 4.42 equivalent to

strongly agree.

The grand weighted mean obtained in terms of Knowledge in Inquiry

and Research, Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem, Understanding

Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data, Finding Answers through Data

Collection, and Reporting and Sharing Findings was 4.38 equivalent to strongly

agree.

Based on findings, the most effective strategies in conducting research

must be aware of the things that you want to achieve in conducting your study.
39
Another one is seeking help from the research adviser or watching video tutorials

on YouTube. Another thing is that we motivate ourselves by keeping in mind that

research is really important, and it will help once we’re in college. Also, we make

time with their group mates to share their knowledge.

Conclusions

Based on the results and findings of the study. The following summary and

conclusions were drawn.

1. The majority of the respondents are female. There are two females and one

male in the group. In terms of General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical

Research II, the majority of the respondents has an average of 96-100.

2. The research competencies of selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in San Pedro Apartado

National High School in terms of Knowledge in Inquiry and Research is

equivalent to Strongly Agree. In terms of Identifying the Inquiry and Stating

the Problem is equivalent to Strongly Agree. In terms of Understanding Data

and Ways to Systematically Collect Data is Agree. In terms of Finding

Answers through Data Collection is equivalent to Strongly Agree. Lastly, in

terms of Reporting and Sharing Findings is equivalent to Strongly Agree.

40
3. Overall, the research competencies of selected Grade 12 STEM students in

San Pedro Apartado National High School equivalent to Strongly Agree.

4. The proposed measures to have an effective strategies of the Grade 12 STEM

students in conducting their research are we must be aware of the things

that you want to achieve in conducting your study. Another one is seeking

help from the research adviser or watching video tutorials on YouTube.

Another thing is that we motivate ourselves by keeping in mind that research

is really important, and it will help once we’re in college. Also, we make time

with their group mates to share their knowledge.

Recommendations

To the respondents and future researchers:

Further research into this topic is recommended by the researchers.

1. To increase the Grade 12 student's knowledge and abilities, he or she must

attend and participate in research webinars and seminars as well as discover

new things.

2. We will suggest the school conduct seminars about research and workshops

to increase students’ skills in doing research.

3. In conducting research, we must read, read, and read, and be familiar with

the indicators of what needs to be done in our study.

4. We must keep in mind that conducting research is very important and that

we must continue researching.

5. For the future researchers who will conduct a similar study with the title

"Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science, Technology,

41
 Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San Pedro Apartado

National High School," it is recommended to choose participants with

different average weighted mean to identify their strengths and weaknesses.

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Ecological perspectives in behavior analysis. Baltimore: University Park Press.

APPENDIX A

LETTER TO THE EVALUATOR

SAN PEDRO APARTADO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Alcala, Pangasinan

April, 2022

Dear Ma’am/Sir:

We, the Grade 11 students, are currently conducting our research

entitled “Research Competencies of Selected Grade 12 Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Students in San
Pedro Apartado National High School”.

In this regard, may we respectfully seek your technical expertise in the

content validation of the questionnaire that was constructed. Please feel free to
correct the items or to provide comments and recommendations for the
improvement of the questionnaire.

We are grateful for your cooperation and support.

Thank you very much.

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Respectfully yours,
Galapia, Denmark Andrew
Labasan, Ernest Gabriel
Cac, Arch Tinberlake
Valdez, Matt Zandro
Mari, Charles Dave
Diaz, Ana Beatriz
Bajo, Remar
Researchers

Noted:

MS. JERICA L. MABABA

Research Adviser

APPENDIX B

VALIDATION TOOL

SAN PEDRO APARTADO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Alcala, Pangasinan
Direction: Read the direction and items in the questionnaire. Then read each
statements in the evaluation sheet and rate each item using the rating scale
below putting a check ( √ ) mark on the appropriate column of the evaluation.

Indicators of Validity Rating

4 3 2 1
1. The directions given are clear in all sections of
the data gathering instrument.
2. Each item is clearly stated.
3. Each item can be easily read.
4. Each item is attractive to read and good spacing
is observed.
5. The data gathering instrument is comprehensive
i.e. it covered all the areas that are important in
the study.
6. Each item is focused on a particular thought or
idea.
7. The items are objective i.e. the response to be
elicited are neither biased nor reactive.
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 8. The items are formulated in accordance to the
explicit/implicit objective of the study.
9. The items do not overlap with each other, no
duplication of items is observed.

LEGEND
RATE SCALE INTERPRETATION
4 3.25-4.00 HIGHLY VALID
3 2.50-3.24 VALID
2 1.75-2.49 FAIRLY VALID
1 1.00-1.74 NOT VALID

Validated by: ________________________

APPENDIX C

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

SAN PEDRO APARTADO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alcala, Pangasinan

April, 2022

Ma’am/Sir:

Warmest greetings from SPANHS!

We, the undersigned students of San Pedro Apartado National High
School taking up Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are
conducting a research entitled, “Research Competencies of Selected Grade
12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
Students in San Pedro Apartado National High School” as part of the
requirements in our subject in Practical Research 1.
In view of this research, may we respectfully request that you respond
honestly to questions by filling out the survey questionnaire attached. As for the
data provided, it will be kept with the outmost confidentiality and will be utilized
only for academic purposes.
Your support and participation in this particular research endeavor is
appreciated.

52
Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,
Galapia, Denmark Andrew
Labasan, Ernest Gabriel
Cac, Arch Tinberlake
Valdez, Matt Zandro
Mari, Charles Dave
Diaz, Ana Beatriz
Bajo, Remar
Researchers

Noted:

MS. JERICA L. MABABA

Research Adviser
APPENDIX D

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Part 1: Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Directions: Check (✔) and provide the information needed.

Name (optional): ___________________________________

Sex: Male

Female

General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II: 75-80

81-85

86-90

91-95

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 96-100

Part 2: Research Competencies of Grade 12 STEM Students in

Conducting their Research

Instructions: Read carefully the following statements and rate them honestly by

putting a check (✔) depending on what you really do with the statements using

the scales below. The numbers represent the following values:

5-Strongly Agree (SA)

4-Agree (A)

3-Neutral (N)

2-Disagree (D)

1-Strongly disagree (SD)

5 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (N) (D) (SD)
1. I understand the importance of
quantitative research across fields.

54
 2. I can select appropriate
quantitative/qualitative research in a
variety of areas of interest.
3. I can describe the characteristics,
strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the
kinds of quantitative research.
4. I can distinguish between various types
of variables.
5. I can use appropriate kinds of research
in making decisions.
A. Knowledge in Inquiry and Research

B. Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem

5 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (N) (D) (SD)
1. I can write a research title based on
my area of interest.
2. I can state the needed data on the
background of the study.
3. I can formulate the problem
statement for the research project.
4. I can indicate the scope together
with the delimitation of the study.
5. I can cite benefits along with
beneficiaries of the research study.

C. Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data

5 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (N) (D) (SD)
1. I can choose an appropriate
quantitative research design for our
research methodology.
2. I can describe the sampling
procedure, including the sample for our

55
 study.
3. I can construct an instrument as well
as establish its validity and reliability.
4. I can plan the data collection
procedure for our research.
5. I can plan data analysis using
statistics with hypothesis testing.

D. Finding Answers through Data Collection

5 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (N) (D) (SD)
1. I am familiar with data collection
procedures and have experience with a
variety of instruments.
2. I am honest in collecting data.
3. I can collect data using appropriate
instruments.
4. I can interpret data in tabular
graphical forms.
5. I can use statistical techniques to
analyze data.

E. Reporting and Sharing Findings

5 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (N) (D) (SD)
1. I can form logical conclusions from
research findings.
2. I can formulate recommendations
based on the research findings.

56
 3. I can perform the process in writing
report.
4. I can present a clear, written
research report.
5. I can finalize, as well as present, the
best design for our research study.

Part 3: Proposed Measures to have an Effective Strategies of the Grade

12: STEM Students in Conducting their Research
Directions: Answer the following questions:
1. What are your most effective methods for writing an excellent research paper?
2. What are your solutions when you, among your groupmates, have had
difficulty doing research?
3. How can you keep yourself motivated to keep doing research that will help
you once you are in college?
4. How can you manage your time while doing your research?
5. Did all your groupmates cooperate and share their ideas when doing
research?

57
To make the research study valid, the researchers asked the adviser of Grade 12

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students in Practical

Research II to get the exact grade of the respondents.

Case no. 1 has a General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II of

96.

Case no. 2 has a General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II of

96.

Case no. 3 has a General Weighted Average (GWA) in Practical Research II of

98.

58
CURRICULUM VITAE

59
 She is Ana Beatriz P. Diaz. She lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. She was born on October 05, 2004, and her religion is Born Again

Christian. She is a Filipino citizen. Her father’s name is Francisco R. Diaz Jr. and

her mother’s name is Margie P. Diaz. She graduated her elementary at

Guinawedan Elementary School located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. She graduated at San Pedro Apartado National High School for her

junior high school and now currently studying at the same school for her senior

high school taking Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Charles Dave S. Mari. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He was born on October 31, 2004, and his religion is Roman

60
Catholic. He is a Filipino citizen. His father’s name is Pio G. Mari and his mother’s

name Riza S. Mari. He graduated his elementary at Guinawedan Elementary

School located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan. He graduated at San

Pedro Apartado National High School for his junior high school and now currently

studying at the same school for his senior high school taking Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Matt Zandro C. Valdez. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He was born on September 21, 2005, and his religion is Roman

Catholic. He is a Filipino citizen. His father’s name is Marcelino Valdez Jr. and his
61
mother’s name Aprilyn Cariño. He graduated his elementary at San Pedro

Apartado Elementary School located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan.

He graduated at San Pedro Apartado National High School for his junior high

school and now currently studying at the same school for his senior high school

taking Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Ernest Gabriel V. Labasan. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He was born on October 9, 2005, and his religion is Iglesia

Independiente. He is a Filipino citizen. His father’s name is Ernesto L. Labasan Jr.

and his mother’s name Crystal Gayie V. Labasan. He graduated his elementary at

62
San Pedro Apartado Elementary School located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He graduated at San Pedro Apartado National High School for his

junior high school and now currently studying at the same school for his senior

high school taking Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Denmark Andrew B. Galapia. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He was born on August 12, 2005, and his religion is Roman Catholic.

He is a Filipino citizen. His father’s name is Joemil E. Galapia and his mother’s

name Grace B. Galapia. He graduated his elementary at San Pedro Apartado

63
Elementary School located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan. He

graduated at San Pedro Apartado National High School for his junior high school

and now currently studying at the same school for his senior high school taking

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Arch Tinberlake C. Cac. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala,

Pangasinan. He was born on July 2, 2005, and his religion is Iglesia ni Cristo. He

is a Filipino citizen. His father’s name is Archimedes Q. Cac and his mother’s

name Christine M. Cac. He graduated his elementary at San Pedro Apartado

Elementary school located at San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan. He

graduated at San Pedro Apartado National High School for his junior high school

64
and now currently studying at the same school for his senior high school taking

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).

He is Remar A. Bajo. He lives in San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan.

He was born on May 31, 2005, and his religion is Roman Catholic. He is a Filipino

citizen. His father’s name is unknown and his mother’s name Marife Bajo. He

graduated his elementary at San Pedro Apartado Elementary School located at

San Pedro Apartado, Alcala, Pangasinan. He graduated at San Pedro Apartado

65
National High School for his junior high school and now currently studying at the

same school for his senior high school taking Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics (STEM).

66