Marking Schemes The answers provided in the marking scheme are for reference only. They are not the only possible answers, Alternative answers are acceptable so long as they are well reasoned. ‘The examination emphasises the testing of understanding, the practical application of knowledge and the use of processing skills. Candidates are advised to study this document in conjunction with the examiner's comments on candidates’ performance in this booklet. For essay-type questions, candidates are expected to demonstrate an understanding of the question, an ability to deploy relevant knowledge of the subject in response to the questions, and to present their answers logically and coherently. Advanced Level Paper 1 Section A Marks L@@ IM T= 2n|4 = 2n| z Vio IA 2 Gi) iM 1A () parabolic path starting from C” 1A highest point lower than 4” 1A @) 6 =30° 1A ‘4 mv" = mg (10)(cos 30° cos60° IM y =856ms! IA 3 162() Gil) vysin 30° IM Time of fight = = 0.428 s 1A 0)? Vertical distance from c/= 830° IM eg fh =092m 1A mgh=> h = ©3030" Ot By energy conservation, + m(sin30°) 2 2g 163@ (b) © @ ) Gi) It will topple (to the left) 1A due to net (anticlockwise) moment about 4 / about base. 1A Or C.G. of the crane is nearer to the counter-weight / outside the base. [Moment of counter-weight about O = 50 x 10 x 0.50 = 250 N m (anti-clockwise) Moment of crane arm’s weight about O= 4.0 x 10 x 0.20 = 8 N m (clockwise)]} Moment due to the counter-weight is much greater than that due to the arm's 1A weight Net anticlockwise moment have to be balanced by the clockwise moment produced by wire 1 which must therefore be taut counter weight ‘Taking moment about 0: IM Tin 17°x0,90 + 50x10x0.50 = 40xsin 29°x0.50 +(4.0)(100.20) + (33(10}(0.90) IM T =246N 1A Stress = 7 4 acne IM 24x10" = 1.03 x 10° N mv? Safety stress = 2.30 x 108 x 50% IM = 1.15 x 10° Nm? ‘As 1.03 x 10° N m™® < 1.15 x 10° N m®, safety requirement fulfilled. 1A Or 1.03 x 10+ 2.30 x 10° = 45% As 45% < 50%, safety requirement fulfilled Moment arm from O shorter/The hook or load is closer to O, 1A a larger mass can be carried (producing the same moment). 1A 164@) () © Path difference dof the microphone from the loudspeakers varies as it is moved along XY. When 3= nA, constructive interference occurs and a maximum is found. When 5= (n+!4)A, destructive interference occurs and a minimum is found. ‘When both loudspeakers are tured on, constructive interference occurs A'=24 2.0 =4ly Change in sound intensity level = 100g 22 a Jo sound intensity level = 74.0 dB ~10log 72 = 140-6 4B 68.0 4B (i) v=fa 340 Re A=0.17 m,d=15m,D~= 120m, L~9, Bas ‘Therefore the criteria << d << D are fulfilled. [Accept arguing that A <0: or cos 0 * Period T= 7% = 2x % iz where k= 2z, fe y Ve * % Speed reduced, both Gand @become smaller, % Therefore period T increases. 172(@) () ‘According to the Huygens’ principle, every point on an existing wavefront at the single slit acts as a source of secondary wavelets propagating with the same speed along various directions. ‘The new wavefront is the envelope of these secondary wavelets, which spreads beyond the geometrical shadow. (Figure (1) is froma single slit. The central bright band is much brighter and wider. (For double slits pattern, all fringes are evenly spaced and about equally bright.) (i) More fringes observed. As the diffraction at both slits is more significant, thus more overlapping between the diffracted beams result, Pattern is dimmer as light intensity reduced due to narrower slivimore significant diffraction GD The grating spacing (about mm 0.002 mm) is much smaller than the slit separation d in double sit (about 0.4 mm), grating allows more light to pass through since it has much more slits. ‘The angular separation of the fringes in grating is much greater according to dsin @ = ni since d is smal (iv) Coherent sources are of the same frequency and give out light with constant phase relationship, ‘The light from the two light bulbs are incoherent, light from the bulbs arriving at a certain point are of changing phase difference, rapidly changing interference pattern results. 173 Marks(©) @ Blooming of lens by coating it with a transparent film of thickness of one quarter of a wavelength of light in the film, + coating ' ¥ ‘lass Light reflected from the top (ray’1) and bottom (ray’2) surfaces of the film interfere destructively since their (optical) path difference is 2m =A, (2, = wavelength of light in ain (The x or 180° phase shift has no net effect as it occurs at both surfaces.) ‘esting of the flatness of a plane surface by making the plate under test to form an air wedge with a standard plane glass surface. When observed normally, fringes of equal thickness are observed due to the destructive interference between light reflected from the bottom of the tested plate (ray 1) and the top (ray 2) of the standard glass wherever their (optical) path difference is 2r+4 =m pt as ray 2 suffers a x or 180° phase shift on reflection, ‘Other common examples: spectrum analysis or length calibration, [stating an exampie/method - "4 mark description of the example/method - "4 mark + identify rays that interfere (accept using a diagram) - 4 mark conditions for the result observed or for the kind of interference results - & mark] Sonars sends out ultrasonic waves’pulses (towards the objects). ‘The pulses reflected from objects back to the sonar are detected. ‘The position/ distance of the object is calculated from the time difference between the transmitting and reflected pulses. Applications: ~ measuring the depth of the sea ANY = detecting shoals of fish Two = detecting flaws within materials @s 174 % %(b) Gi) @ w Gil) (iy) When a conductor is moving in a magnetic field, the e.m.f. induced in the conductor is directly proportional to (or equal to, if suitable units are chosen) the rate of flux do cutting or rate of change of flux-linkage, ie.¢= S™ (numerically). Let the frame be moving along the x-axis and the area A swept out = Lx = $0 da) dr dt dA a(x) ar dr = Bly ‘Acurrent / flows in the frame from 1 to X (anti-clockwise) such that a magnetic force F,(=/LB) acts on it to the left (according to the Fleming's LH Rule) and hence opposes its motion. Fey = Fa (in magnitude) acts on the frame to the right to keep a constant velocity. ‘Therefore mechanical work has to be done by an external force (Fx) in moving the frame to the right with constant velocity v so as to generate electrical energy which is then dissipated as heat. ‘Mechanical power input = Fea Fov= (LB) KBLv) = Ie = electrical power output ‘The coil rotates in the clockwise direction. Xia split ring (or commutator). It reverses the current in the coil automatically whenever the coil passes the vertical plane so that the deflecting torque on the coil is always in the same sense. ‘When the coil is driven to rotate in the magnetic field, the flux linkage of the coil changes and an eam. is induced so as to oppose the change that produces it. Ps positive Since the direction of current in the coil and that in the solenoid of the electromagnet, change simultaneously, the directions of forces and torque on the coil remain unchanged throughout. ‘Thus the coil will rotate in one direction only and it works for a.c. ‘The soft iron cylinder together with the curved pole-pieces provides a strong radial field in the air gap so that the forces acting on the sides of the coil are always perpendicular to the plane of the coil. Hence a stronger and more constant torque results, i.e. the magnitude of the torque is independent of the position of the coil. ‘The soft iron cylinder is laminated so that the eddy currents induced in it are minimized and hence less heating effect (energy loss) is produced. 115 was Ys(a) 0) di) Ideal gas is a gas that obeys the ideal gas equation or Boyle's law & NAT'= constant) constant or p= nk - The size/volume of molecules is negligible compared with that of the container. - The collision time is negligible compared with the time spent | “htep by a molecule between collisions. Ly - The gas molecules move randomly in ail directions - The collisions are perfectly elastic. - The intermolecular forces are negligible except during collisions. ‘Volume of real gas molecules are not negligible (at high pressure or low tempature) Intermolecular forces between real gas molecules are not negligible (at high pressure or low temperature) The gas molecules colliding the container’s wall results in change of momentum, force and thus pressure is exerted on the container’s wall Consider | molecule, the change of momentum in a single collision with the wall is ‘2me as the collision is elastic. wo ‘The number of collisions in unit time made by 1 molecule is, (ie. the time between 2 successive collisions by 1 molecule on the wall is. The average force exerted by 1 molecule on the wall 2 AP 2Me aay & y= ME an MMT) TT me N Total force Fon the wall shaded part) = "=~. 2 - Hence pressure p= & a 2 me? = Mme 5p A MME here V= 2? 3L 3 Compare pV= Nine? with pV = nkT, wehave 7 cclme? (time? =24 7) 2 IN, i.e. absolute temperature of a gas is a measure of the average k.e. of molecules. 176 g E % % % ‘et ‘ateb) a Gi) ‘When temperature increases, the average speed c increases. Therefore the momentum transfer (2c) to the wall in each collision increases. ie. the molecules collide the wall more violently. ‘The volume must increase (piston moves up) such that the molecules travel a longer distance along the height of the vessel ie. they collide the walls less frequently. So that the pressure can be kept constant. AU +ve as ke. of molecules « T increases. Q +ve (heat is transferred to the gas). Wve as gas expands and does work against the atmosphere. As |Q|= | au |+| 1] , therefore Q is the largest in magnitude. 17BORE So Advanced Level Paper 2 Section A an =e wet eR Question No. Key Question No. Key 1 B(S4) 26 G67) 2 (43) 2. BQ?) 3. AG8) 28. A(7A) 4, AC) 29. A(i0) 5. 72) 30. D7) 6 (62) 31. (83) 1. AG2) 32, (40) 8. G4) 33. BG3) 8 G6) 34, B52) 10. BGS7) 35. D7) uM. (59) 36. Ag?) 12. B64) 37. AGI) 2B. D¢4s) 38. AG9) 4 (64) 39. 73) 1s, 74) 40. B69) 16. D(60) 4. (68) 17 B(4S) 2. os7) 18, 60) 4B. 166) 19. DGS3) 44, BEI) 20. BGT) 45. G0) 21. BG6) 2. As) 2. ACS) 24. A(70) 25. G3) Z: SROMFRENALH > ‘Note: Figures in brackets indicate the percentages of candidates choosing the correct answers. 183