1) The document discusses integrated marketing communications (IMC) in India, which aims to ensure consistency of messaging across all promotional tools and media to present a clear brand image.
2) IMC involves integrating all aspects of marketing like advertising, sales, PR, etc. which were traditionally handled separately. It allows communicating with consumers to inform, persuade and build relationships.
3) Adopting IMC is beneficial for organizations in India as it helps address the diverse consumer base and fragmented distribution systems through a coordinated marketing strategy. However, implementing full integration remains a challenge.
1) The document discusses integrated marketing communications (IMC) in India, which aims to ensure consistency of messaging across all promotional tools and media to present a clear brand image.
2) IMC involves integrating all aspects of marketing like advertising, sales, PR, etc. which were traditionally handled separately. It allows communicating with consumers to inform, persuade and build relationships.
3) Adopting IMC is beneficial for organizations in India as it helps address the diverse consumer base and fragmented distribution systems through a coordinated marketing strategy. However, implementing full integration remains a challenge.
1) The document discusses integrated marketing communications (IMC) in India, which aims to ensure consistency of messaging across all promotional tools and media to present a clear brand image.
2) IMC involves integrating all aspects of marketing like advertising, sales, PR, etc. which were traditionally handled separately. It allows communicating with consumers to inform, persuade and build relationships.
3) Adopting IMC is beneficial for organizations in India as it helps address the diverse consumer base and fragmented distribution systems through a coordinated marketing strategy. However, implementing full integration remains a challenge.
Sanjay Manocha Senior Lecturer, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
Abstract integrating all the promotional tools, so that they
Customers today, many a times receive a work together in harmony. fragmented and vague picture of the Brand. Why? As we are already aware of the fact that in The reason being, firms are unable to integrate all of the present scenario the Marketing communications their marketing efforts over a period of time. play an important role of voice of the brand and are The sales and sales promotion aspects are a means by which it can establish a dialogue and managed by the sales department; advertising is build relationships with consumers. They allow outsourced to the ad agencies, and the direct marketers to inform, persuade, incentivize, and marketing and PR (Public Relations) by other remind consumers directly or indirectly. The applied functionaries. tool applied repeatedly is the ‘integrated marketing’. The emerging concept of IMC (Integrated Integrated Marketing Communications is a term Marketing Communications) aims at addressing basically used to describe a holistic approach to this issue. Though, easier said than done, very few marketing communication. It aims to ensure organizations have managed to switch over to IMC consistency of message and the complementary use from stand alone marketing efforts. But the of media. The concept includes online and offline organizations which have transformed themselves marketing channels. towards this arrangement are reaping the rewards in Integrated marketing communication is terms of higher returns from investment in marketing integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and activities, increase in brand’s equity and increased resources within a company which maximizes impact market share. on consumer mind and which results into maximum Example: McDonalds, Logitech International, Hyatt profit at minimum cost. This approach was mostly Regency. used in developed countries to increase its global The concept of IMC involves two market value but now from last few years Indian fundamental aspects: market is also being attracted towards this concept. 1. Consistency of positioning, message and tone It not only informs, but is also used to differentiate across all different media. the seller’s products or services may also be effective 2. Simultaneous achievement of several specific in affecting the price elasticity of demand. marketing goals. (Awareness Increased sales, Prerequisite of Marketing Communication is that the brand building etc.) marketing communications strategy of a firm must In the present paper efforts have been made be coordinated and linked with concepts such as by the author to study concept of integrated target segments, positioning, differentiation, and marketing communications including its history, image. characteristics, need, and benefits of using integrated India is the most diversed country in the marketing communications to brand corporations. world. It has many cultures and traditions with their The paper will also focus on challenges and own moral values and perceptions which vary from opportunities of integrated marketing region to region. Therefore it becomes difficult to communications for India and also about future of satisfy the needs of every individual in the most integrated marketing communications in India. profitable way but India’s huge population and 1. Introduction growing middle class presents promising potential 1.1 Meaning and Concept of Integrated for many US and European multinational companies Marketing Communication focusing on the Indian markets. With more Integrated Marketing Communications is a companies viewing India as an emerging market, simple concept. It ensures that all forms of competition in markets is growing and integration communications and messages are carefully linked would become inevitable for communications in the together. At its most basic level, Integrated Marketing developing world. The economic liberalization and Communications, or IMC, as we’ll call it, means reform movement, started in India in 1991, has been Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 150 one of the major contributors to the increase in its optimal synergy of convergence of technologies and trade interactions globally. The open flow of it is a medium of communication, a mechanism of communication with the rest of the world and the collaboration, an access to information, etc. Getting country’s ability to adapt to these changes has made connected has become the new mantra of business it a very lucrative and promising land for many management in general and marketing in particular. multinational companies. The growing purchasing With this, Marketing has become more open, volatile power of India’s huge middle class makes it easier and networked and technology drawn. for companies to do business in India. However, as 1.2 History of Integrated Marketing stated above, the customer base in India is extremely Communication fragmented. The huge geographic expanse of the The History of Marketing in the 20th century country has resulted in an inconsistent distribution and earlier is a complex and still not fully explored system that is radically different from that present subject, mixed up as it is with a history of trade and in most other countries. Added to this is the cultural economics. The concept of integrated marketing is diversity of its inhabitants, differences in their tastes, focused on the creation of value, arguing that the habits, and requirements that make it very difficult organization needs to be united in the creation of for companies to market their goods in a streamlined distinctive or differentiated value in order to achieve and consistent manner. Therefore, the concept of productive synergy. Similarly, Peter Drucker argued focused and massive marketing, i.e., integrated that, “Every organization, whether business or not, marketing, is very helpful in this diverse economy. has a theory of the business. Indeed, a valid theory With the advent of MNCs in India, the that is clear, consistent and focused is extraordinarily marketing techniques have been changed and have powerful.” become more systematic in nature. There is a need According to Drucker, the Theory of the for a solid marketing strategy to capture the market. Business consists of assumptions about the Although integrated marketing communications is environment of the organization, the specific mission more than just an advertising campaign, the bulk of of the organization and assumptions about the core marketing dollars is spent on the creation and competencies needed to accomplish the distribution of advertisements. Hence, the bulk of organization’s mission. The concept of integration the research budget is also spent on these elements also arises as a result of recognition of disintegration, of the campaign. Once the key marketing pieces have especially in the field of communication. Integrated marketing communications (IMC) developed during been tested, the researched elements can then be the 1990s as an Endeavour to achieve consistency applied to other contact points: letterhead, packaging, across marketing communications disciplines and logistics, customer service training, and more, to media that had become fragmented over time through complete the IMC cycle. the cultivation of individual disciplines, competition The traditional manufacturing companies and the development of independent communication are now recognizing the necessity and importance objectives. By 2000, it was recognized that there was of getting closer to the customer to provide best a logical and practical need in what was called stage service. From the marketer’s perspective the for IMC for this to be extrapolated across all business organizations are extending the hitherto organizational contact with customers and therefore product-centric brands to enter the service market. across the entire organizational business processes. A review of Indian market reveals that brands like 1.3 Characteristics Integrated Marketing Tata {from iron and steel, automobile, cement, salt Communication to software, telephony, insurance), Reliance (from 1) Customers feel that all their brand experiences polymer, petroleum, textile products to telephony and come from one identity. fuel retailing), Wipro (from vegetable oil, lighting 2) Customers trust the brand’s promises (and to software service) and Wills (cigarette to lifestyle pass them on through word of mouth). retailing) is changing their product portfolio. 3) The brand treats different kinds of customers Perceptions help in the process of in ways appropriate to them. relationships building. The concept of brand itself 4) Whenever appropriate, the brand recognizes is incomplete without ‘relationship: Communication individual customers wherever they interact plays a key role in creating certain perceptions of a or do business. brand. Technological development has redefined life 5) Customers are happy with the brand and world as a whole. Internet (Net) represents experience. Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 151 6) There is a service-oriented ideal that 1.4 Needs for Integrated Marketing encourages aligned commitment across the Communications organization. Integrated marketing communication is the 7) Everyone nurtures what the brand means to company carefully integrates and coordinates its committed customers many communication channels to deliver a clear, 8) Future vision is consistent with core truths of consistent, and compelling message about the the brand organization and its brands. IMC builds a strong 9) The values we experience in our company brand identity in the marketplace by tying together culture support the values we express in the and reinforcing all your images and messages. Brand . a. Conflicting messages from different sources 10) The brand organisation is excellent at realizing or promotional approaches can confuse high value propositions from idea to company or brand images. Implementation. b. The problem is particularly prevalent when 11) Quality is understood as that which is good functional specialists handle individual forms for the customer, employees and company. of marketing communications. 12) All business Objectives are coherent with our c. The Web alone cannot be used to build brands; competence. brand awareness potential is limited. 13) There are no silos across the organisation. d. Best bet is to wed traditional branding efforts 14) Practices ensure shared learning across the with the interactivity and service capabilities organization. of online communications. 15) The organisation works in effective 2 Research Methodology partnership with the members of its value The present study is descriptive in nature stream. and secondary data have been used. 16) The culture encourages people to release their 3 Findings of the Study creative potential. 3.1 Benefits of using IMC to brand corporations 17) Business processes are actively aligned to the In recent years the concept of applying brand value position. marketing techniques to the corporation has become 18) Quality customer information is available in more widespread with related notions of stakeholder a timely way at every point of need. relationship. 19) Leaders promote what they practice. The Indian corporation increasingly has to 20) The Marketing function is organized primarily manage itself – for all its stakeholders - as a brand. around customer groups with their different Promoting the corporate brand to attract workers is needs and opportunities, not marketing seen as particularly important by managers, with the disciplines. well-reported shortage of skilled workers. In 21) Senior marketing people are skilled in multiple Australia, the proportion of those aged 65 and over communication disciplines. increased in recent years. And it is projected that it 22) Customer management focuses on the value will double by2050. Projected population data of of customers over their lifetime. India shows that the next decade will experience a 23) All communication to all constituencies at all shrinking of the working population and if the low touch points uses the same planning and unemployment rate stays at its current, there will evaluation framework. certainly be a lack in supply of a suitable workforce. 24) The company and agencies all work together The need for companies to differentiate themselves in partnership. in the employer marketplace is becoming critical. 25) Communication is creatively aligned through While mainstream marketers have long “big media neutral ideas” championed the IMC cause, a perhaps more “offbeat” 26) Evaluation is managed as a learning discipline approach to integration has arisen in recent times, across the participants. which acknowledges the need for the handling of 27) The key evaluation processes are primarily difference and variety within the context of an designed to increase knowledge about what integrated communications project. It should be most efficiently creates value for customers. noted that beyond a general call for horizontal co- 28) Local and international marketing ordination, the nature of such processes is rarely management collaborate effectively specified in the literature. Indeed it has been argued Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 152 that in the post-modern world, IMC may be. Given (IMC) involves the idea that a firm’s promotional the apparent lack of Literature, and different cultures efforts should be coordinated to achieve the best prevailing, this looks specifically as barriers faced combined effects of the firm’s efforts. Resources by organizations on the road to IMC. are allocated to achieve those outcomes that the firm The attachments to different professions and values the most. challenges of working across departments have also Promotion involves a number of tools we been researched in the area of culture and health care. can use to increase demand for our The most well A recent multi-perspective study of healthcare known component of promotion is advertising, but professionals by Morgan and Ogbonna (2008) noted we can also use tools such as the following: that respective loyalties of professional subcultures • Public relations (the firm’s staff provides may be stronger than loyalty to the organization and information to the media in the hopes of may impede lay managers’ authority to influence getting coverage). This strategy has benefits practices. Their study looked at two large healthcare (it is often less expensive and media coverage organizations in the UK and examined the differing is usually more credible than advertising) but views of doctors, nurses and “nonclinical” managers. it also entails a risk in that we can’t control They found that, in the context of professional what the media will say. Note that this is organizations, complex, multiple cultural values are particularly a useful tool for small and growing frequently hierarchical and are commonly interpreted businesses—especially those that make a differently, with differentiated, fragmented and product which is inherently interesting to the collective meanings. They even found that within audience. sub-cultures there was fragmentation. And pointing • Trade promotion. Here, the firm offers out that a company does not consist of one unified retailers and wholesalers temporary discounts, culture with variations arising in groups, professions, which may or may not be passed on to the functions and countries. With a similar theme, in the consumer, to stimulate sales. disciplines of communications and marketing, the • Sales promotion. Consumers are given either concept of integrated communication has been price discounts, coupons, or rebates. proposed as a way of avoiding contradictory • Personal selling. Sales people either make messages and improving an organization’s “corporate “cold” calls on potential customers and/or story”. respond to inquiries. 3.2 Dimensions of integrated marketing • In-store displays. Firms often pay a great From buyer’s point of view, each marketing deal of money to have their goods displayed tool is designed to deliver a customer benefit. A prominently in the store. More desirable complementary breakdown of marketing activities display spaces include: end of an aisle, free- has been proposed that centers on customers. Its four standing displays, and near the check-out dimensions and the corresponding customer counter. Occasionally, a representative may questions these are designed to answer are: display the product. 1. Solution: How can I solve my problem? • Samples 2. Information: where can I learn more about it? • Premiums 3. Value: What is my total sacrifice to get this The preferred name for public relations is solution? changing. 4. Access: Where can I find it? According to Mr. Thomas Harris, The Winning companies satisfy customer needs Marketer’s Guide to Public Relations, Considering and surpass their expectations economically and marketing and public relations as the same function, conveniently and with effective communication. in my view, is in the best interests of the corporation. Two key themes of integrated marketing are ... Marketing and public relations can and should be that (1) many different marketing activities compatible. ... in gaining understanding of influential communicate and deliver value and (2) when third parties—such as legislators, government coordinated, marketing activities maximize their agencies, political parties, labor unions, public joint effects. In other words, marketers should design interest groups, and churches. In the future, public and implement any one marketing activity with all relations will play a greater role in shaping marketing other activities in mind. strategies responsible to consumer concerns. In the Integrated Marketing Communication classic sense, PR will influence not only what Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 153 companies say but what they do. demographic traits, but also because of its colonial Public relations has never been the history. The predominant demographics contributing unanimous choice for what to call the process of to this uniqueness are: managing organizational relationships, but in recent 1. Rural-urban mix: Industrialisation in India years, it was noted, “The number of companies that emerged as the result of poor agricultural conditions identify their internal unit for communicating with and dwindling handicrafts. The push from land and their constituents as public relations has dropped off craft generated to some extent a pull toward industry. dramatically.” This is more fully discussed in a linked 2. Occupational diversity: Even though the reading. population of India is and has been overwhelmingly Whether integrated marketing agricultural, there had always been a variety of non- communication, corporate communication, or one agricultural occupations such as handicrafts and arts of the other popular buzzwords will ultimately involving various types of skills. overshadow public relations as the name of choice 3. Diversity in economic conditions: Despite the remains to be seen. They may all turn out to be short- overall poor image, extremes of poverty and wealth lived fads. What will be far more important is have always co-existed. whether the underlying integration of communication 4. Colonial rule: Even though the British rule functions that these terms purport to represent will destroyed the indigenous industry in India by means actually be realized and, at this point, the projections of market competition, there has been continuous are anything but unanimous. improvement in the means of transportation and 3.3 Challenges and Opportunities for India communication contributing to the advancement of During the last decade, a series of studies the economic scenario. have been conducted, either on a country level or The differences in the attitudes and sometimes among several nation states investigating behaviors within these broad segments can help the development, diffusion, and acceptance of IMC. marketers identify niches and target these niches on Thus, the most recent research on IMC has been the basis of social class. By reviewing the available mainly focused on its perception by clients and their literature on social class, one can understand how advertising agencies in India.In some of those messages are formulated to reach the target markets. studies, scholars have argued that IMC is nothing The new millennium has at least made one new, it is simply a reiteration of what marketing and thing certain for businesses - the uncertainty. Change, communication organizations have always done. In today, Is occurring at an accelerating rate. Three others, research has shown that IMC is indeed a new major forces in the last decade via, deregulation, paradigm and can be quite successfully deployed by globalization and rapid technological advances haw all types of firms in the new millennium. totally changed the way Today’s marketplace of India is Businesses are conducted the world over. In fundamentally different as a result of major societal this new environment marketers are forced to adopt forces that have resulted in many new consumer and new paradigms to fight intense competition and to company capabilities . These forces have created new meet rising consumer demands. On the other hand, opportunities and challenges, and marketing these developments have spelt endless opportunities management has changed significantly in recent in terms of large, free global markets and improved years as companies seek new to achieve marketing ability to meet the challenges by using technology. excellence, that is, integrated marketing. Integrated Marketing is here to stay and to Challenges develop. The name might change, but the concept The differences and similarities in cultural will not. It is a way of thinking and operating that values of India influence the different demographics enhances value for customers, employees and the and contribute to the requirement of a very different organization and leads to the resolution of many of marketing communication plan as compared to other the current frustrations within the marketing industry. regions. What is the cultural composition of the We aim to make a significant contribution and value organization’s markets and how does it respond to the opportunity to work with you and others varied marketing needs for same products? committed to developing best practice in this. The history of industrial and economic Current scenario: isolated marketing development of India stands out as a unique process, communication not only because of its geographically heterogeneous Customers are bombarded with multiple Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 154 advertisements through multiple mediums with business in India. And integrated marketing multiple propositions. Since most companies resort communications practices in India will definitely to using more than one channel of communication, prove to be a reason of success of Indian economy the customer is left confused due to lack of in the near future. consistency in marketing messages. 3.4 Future of integrated marketing Ideal scenario: integrated marketing communication communication in India: By practicing an integrated marketing approach, During the 1990s, the Indian economy companies like yours can get across single emerged as a partially liberalized economy with proposition across multiple media and benefit from fewer economic, exchange and bureaucratic controls. customers’ consistent brand experience. An This has opened up the floodgates for multinationals integrated marketing approach can rejuvenate your companies to enter the Indian market. It has brought organization’s marketing communication initiatives, many opportunities and threats for Indian business. which will experience a positive impact. the Indian business firms have been compelled to The best marketing strategy in the world will analyze , their strengths and weaknesses and plan ultimately fail if you are unable to get the right their strategies for the future. message to your potential customers at the right place The customer base in India is extremely and the right time. An integrated marketing fragmented. The huge geographic expanse of the communications plan matches your available budget country has resulted in an inconsistent distribution of time and money to the most effective means for system that is radically different from that present distributing your message. No matter how great your in most other countries. Added to this is the cultural product or service, if your potential customers don’t diversity of its inhabitants, differences in their tastes, know it exists, there will never be a sale. Current habits, and requirements that make it very difficult marketing philosophy views Integrated Marketing for companies to market their goods in a streamlined Communication (IMC) as imperative for and consistent manner. Internet marketing has yet to organizational success and it has been trumpeted as pick up pace in India because of the slow the major communications development of recent technological advancement and consumer times in India. perceptions. Majority of people buy things while Despite its challenges, the concept of IMC visiting the markets and the concept of home is becoming more and more relevant in the field of shopping is still alien to them. Credit card usage is brand management, slowly but surely organization minimal and generally used as convenience cards. have realized that if a brand or company has to Personal contacts are still prevalent to achieve a survive in this globalised world for years to come, it comfortable association between the marketers and has no choice but to Integrate its marketing consumers. Will technological advancement support communication, or else the customer will abandon the integration between communication channels if the brand. markets feel a need for IMC in India? Opportunities Although recent liberalization policies have India’s huge population and growing middle increased competition and enforced new marketing class presents promising potential for many US and practices in India, the traditional concepts of European multinational companies focusing on the marketing might be totally different from the Indian markets. With more companies viewing India concepts practiced in the US. The local environment as an emerging market, competition in markets is and local markets dictate the need for specialized or growing and integration would become inevitable integrated approaches. Future of these prevalent for communications in the developing world. The marketing practices is bright in the sense of huge economic liberalization and reform movement, market but lacks the coordination and combination started in India in 1991, has been one of the major of good approach to tackle the problems of satisfying contributors to the increase in its trade interactions the need diversification in the market. globally. The open flow of communication with the With the change in communication practices rest of the world and the country’s ability to adapt to and technologies around the world, integration in these changes has made it a very lucrative and marketing techniques is inevitable for the companies promising land for many multinational companies. to survive in this multi-national and multi-cultural The growing purchasing power of India’s huge world emerging globally. India, as one of the more middle class makes it easier for companies to do economically advanced among developing countries, Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 155 offers excellent opportunity for the study of concepts improve the standard of goods and services, business such as IMC and its need in countries outside the values and consequently the improvement in the US and outside the western paradigm. But In this standard of living. It has also generated employment information democracy, consumers have taken the both in production and in distribution area. There lead in changing the ways they interact with a brand. are large numbers of people employed by modern Consumer-managed relationships, consumer- business houses to carry out the functions of generated media, consumer-generated products and marketing. In the absence of these practices, the level consumer-generated content are all pointing to the of employment of India should have not increased. need for marketers to respond to these consumer Therefore, the future of integrated marketing dynamics. And for adopting and implementing the communications in India is bright in terms of integrated marketing practices there are some Be’s: profitability and growth and India will also be • Be analytical: Use frameworks of consumer benefited in the upcoming years. behavior and managerial decision-making to Conclusion develop well-reasoned communication “The point of integration is not simply to programs. use the same image and ignore the strengths of a • Be curious: Fully understand consumers by particular medium. We call this re-purposing without using all forms of research and always be purpose. The point of integration is to have a thinking of how you can create added value consistent voice while maximizing the strengths of for consumers. each medium. True integration delivers the brand • Be single-minded: Focus message on well- statement from mass to grass, from mass marketing defined target markets. to grass roots activities, with the Internet residing • Be integrative: reinforce your message firmly in the middle as both a mass and one to one through consistency and cuing across all marketing weapon.” communications. IMC can be defined as a process in which • Be creative: State your message in a unique messages communicated by each of the promotional fashion; use alternative promotions and media elements are harmonized, so that consumers will to create favorable, strong, and unique brand receive a consistent message regarding the brand or associations. the company. It can be defined comprehensively as • Be observant: Monitor competition, a process for managing the customer relationships customers, channel members, and employees that drive brand value. More specifically, it is a cross- through tracking studies. functional process for creating and nourishing • Be realistic: Understand the complexities profitable relationships with customers and other involved in marketing communications. stakeholders by strategically controlling or • Be patient: Take a long-term view of influencing all messages sent to these groups and communication effectiveness to build and encouraging data-driven, purposeful dialogue with manage brand equity. them. The growing importance of IMC can be India has been very cautious in adopting new attributed to various factors. This include increasing technologies and others like heavy dependence upon competition, decline in effectiveness of mass agriculture, old methods of production, advertising, more information sources for consumers overpopulation, lower income are some reasons of and technological advances. Implementing the IMC its poor market economy but from the time it has process in an organization is not an easy task and it adopted the practices of integrated marketing there cannot be done at one go. The implementation of has been noted a rapid improvement in the market IMC in a company requires proper planning. and the growth in its economy. This approach has The American Productivity & Quality Center has benefited India a lot in the recent past and will devised a four stage process to integrate the definitely work well in the future. Marketing is the marketing communication function. The four stages kingpin that sets the rate of progress in economy. are tactical coordination of marketing The marketing organization, if more scientifically communication, redefining the scope of marketing organized, makes the economy strong and stable. communication, application of information This marketing is consumer oriented and due to technology and financial and strategic integration. India’s large market it has brought many positive Though the awareness about IMC is on the rise, changes in its economy. It has enabled India to implementation has been slow. This is because of Summer Internship Society Volume III Issue-1 April 2011 156 three key barriers, namely lack of top management consumers are often persuaded by having a large support, organizational barriers and cultural barriers. number of arguments with little merit presented (e.g., To implement the IMC process effectively company the soda comes in a neat bottle, the bottle contains needs to follow certain guidelines. In an emerging five percent more soda than competing ones). In market like India, an IMC strategy should be contrast, for high involvement, more important formulated taking into consideration the values products, consumers tend to scrutinize arguments associated with the culture. The analysis of more closely, and will tend to be persuaded more by advertisements shows that there are specific cultural high quality arguments. Celebrity endorsements are values that most of the advertisements use. These believed to follow a similar pattern of effectiveness. values may be called “cultural interface values” as The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) suggests they serve to integrate marketing communication that or trivial products, a popular endorser is likely with the prevalent culture. to be at least somewhat effective regardless of his or As these advertisements suggest, Indian her qualifications to endorse .On the other hand, for society is primarily divided by the dueling values more important products, consumers will often of traditionalism and modernity. A successful scrutinize the endorser’s credentials. An IMC campaign will appease both lifestyles without strategy should project a consistent image of the brand through synergized communication in various alienating one for the sake of the other. It should media channels. This is more important in the digital adopt a flexible organizational structure and era when connectivity, convergence and social change the mindset of the employees. It should networking impact consumers. The challenge for the adopt a customer centric strategy to design IMC strategy is to have the right balance, not only communication campaigns from the consumer with regard to cultural values and ritual setting, but perspective. A collaborative strategy is needed, also how they are conveyed across channels to that enables coordination and cooperation convey consistent and coherent brand image over a between various departments in the organization. period of time. Cultural values are important brand Entrusting all its creative activities to a single differentiators in emerging markets with agency will help the company in reducing costs heterogeneous consumer groups. The artful and increasing consistency in communication combination of cultural values and IMC tactics will deliver a pioneering marketing exercise for any brand campaigns. entering emerging markets. A significant objective of advertising is References attitude change. A consumer’s attitude toward a Books product refers to his or her beliefs about, feeling Bijapurkar Rama, We are Like That Only, Penguin toward, and purchase intentions for the product. Books, India, 2007 Beliefs can be both positive (e.g., for McDonald’s de Mooij Marieke, Global Marketing and food: tastes good, is convenient) and negative (is Advertising, Sage Publications, Inc; illustrated high in fat). In general, it is usually very difficult to edition (10 Sep 1997) change deeply held beliefs. Thus, in most cases, the Email sites advertiser may better off trying to add belief www.exchange4media.com .Consumer receptivity to messages aimed at altering www.google.co.in their beliefs will tend to vary a great deal depending www.mica-india.net on the nature of the product. For unimportant www.economictimes.com products such as soft drinks, research suggests that
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The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives