CONTENTS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3-6

2. CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7

3. CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 8-11

4. CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS 12-15

5. CONCLUSION 16

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 17

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1. INTRODUCTION:

The Covid-19 disease, caused by the infection of SARS Cov-2, was first reported in Wuhan,
China in December 2019. Modern globally connected world made the virus to quickly spread
across multiple countries. In India, the first case was reported on January 31, 2020.

Around that time, there were several speculations and uncertainties in everyone’s mind,
particularly how this virus may mutate during its spread and how those new variants would
influence its ability to spread and cause the disease. In about 10 days, people started becoming
more anxious and saw a distinct possibility of a pandemic exactly 100 years after the Spanish
Flu. It was on March 11, 2020, that WHO declared it as a pandemic. As the pandemic unfolded,
data from across the world started pouring in, it was certain that this was turning into something
big and tragic. The globally connected world, which made this pandemic spread the virus faster
than earlier such outbreaks, also posed other challenges, particularly supply of food and
lifesaving medicines and other essential needs from within and between countries. On the
positive side, globally well-connected academicians made the fight against the pandemic
comprehensive and faster than any other time.

The pandemic which hit the world suddenly made people go into some drastic changes in their
daily lives. Bereavement, isolation, loss of income and fear started triggering mental health
conditions or exacerbating existing ones. Many people started increased levels of alcohol and
drug use, insomnia, and anxiety. Meanwhile, COVID-19 itself also led to neurological and
mental complications, such as delirium, agitation, and stroke. So, due to many problems arising
because of COVID-19 many preventive measures were started to be taken.

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Safely managed water, sanitation, and hygiene services are an essential part of preventing and
protecting human health during infectious disease outbreaks, including the current COVID-19
pandemic.

Educational institutions, particularly those in rural areas, often completely lack drinking-water
and sanitation and hand washing facilities; alternatively, where such facilities do exist they are
often inadequate in both quality and quantity. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has had significant
psychological and social effects on the population.

Research has highlighted the impact on psychological well-being of the most exposed groups,
including school children and college students, who are more likely to develop post-traumatic
stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. The social distance and the
security measures have affected the relationship among people and their perception of empathy
toward others.

Having information and facts about COVID-19 will help diminish students’ fears and anxieties
around the disease and support their ability to cope with any secondary impacts in their lives.
Not only do we study the sanitation post COVID, but also we’ve gathered information before
covid-19 outbreak too.

1.2. GUIDELINES INTRODUCED BY THE GOVERNMENT

The guidance, while specific to countries that have already confirmed the transmission of
COVID-19, is still relevant in all other contexts. Education can encourage students to become
advocates for disease prevention and control at home, in school, and in their community by
talking to others about how to prevent the spread of viruses.

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Guidelines offer a basis for creating the minimum conditions required for providing education in
a healthy environment for students, before and after Covid. Guidelines were made mandatory to
follow the sanitation and hygiene in educational institutions:

1) Assess the situation in existing educational institutions, to evaluate the extent to which
those may fall short of national standards and local targets.
2) Plan and carry out any improvements required.
3) Prepare and implement comprehensive and realistic action plans, so that acceptable
conditions are maintained.

Governments and civil society concerted efforts to mobilize resources and expertise to address
the impact of COVID-19 on education is urgently required. The GCE global coordinator
suggested that this process should include developing long term strategies to address the needs of
education in emergencies. While these overall positive results are promising, a closer look at the
data reveals that the type of sanitation facility matters. This research shows that adding such
basic infrastructure as sanitation facilities increases the enrollment of students.

1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a Public Health Emergency
of International Concern (PHEIC) and the virus spread to many countries and territories. The
protection of children and educational facilities become particularly important. Precautions are
necessary to prevent the potential spread of COVID-19 in educational facilities; however, care
must also be taken to avoid stigmatizing students and staff who may have been exposed to the
virus. It is important to remember that COVID-19 does not differentiate between borders,
ethnicities, disability status, age, or gender. Measures taken by educational facilities to prevent
the entry and spread of COVID-19 by students and staff who may have been exposed to the
virus, while minimizing disruption and protecting students and staff from discrimination.

The research has two focuses of interest. Firstly, to understand the evaluation of the
psychological and social effects of the pandemic on the population, mostly children, college
students, and health professionals. Secondly to identify the new perspectives of intervention

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based on digital devices and in line with the social security measures and mental health
promotion.

Today, children and young people are global citizens, powerful agents of change and the next
generation of caregivers and professionals. Any crisis presents the opportunity to help them
learn, cultivate compassion and increase resilience while building a safer and more caring
community. The purpose of this study is to provide clear and actionable guidance for safe
operations through the prevention, early detection and control of COVID-19 in schools and other
educational facilities. The provision of latrines is also extremely important. The enforcement of
hygiene requirements is challenging. Problems can be identified by carrying out a sanitary
inspection of each institution.

1.4.TWO CONCERNS OF THIS RESEARCH:

i. Healthy environments facilitate more effective learning.

ii. Opportunities for students to gain life-long positive hygiene behaviors.

Schools, colleges in Tamil Nadu resume physical classes with COVID guidelines:

Tamil Nadu schools: Offline teaching for classes 9 to 12 in Tamil Nadu resumed on 1st
September 2021, with strict covid-19 protocol in place, while physical classes in colleges also
commenced in the state.

[Updated: Sep 1, 2021., 12:20 pm Source: PTI]

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 CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVES:

 To study how the educational institutions follow the COVID 19 guidelines

 To study the changes made in terms of sanitation facilities in educational institutions
 To suggest few measures to cope with the pandemic situation.

A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted to study the sanitation facilities made by
educational institutions post COVID-19. The research was conducted in five different colleges
located in and around Chennai ( Stella Maris Women’s College , SRM Arts and Science College
Ramapuram , Ethiraj Arts and Science college, Women’s Christian College, RVG Arts College
Chengalpatu) and the sample from which the data was collected, consisted of random students
of different demographic background.
The 50 respondents belonged to the age group of 15-25 years. Self-reflectivity was practiced to
overcome the subjectivity towards the study. A questionnaire and a telephonic interview were
conducted for collecting the primary data for the research and the methodology used here is the
survey method. The time spent with each respondent is around 10 minutes. The information that
was collected from the sample was not revealed anywhere and the confidentiality was assured to
the respondents.

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 CHAPTER-3
ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION

3.1. AREAS IN WHICH SANITARY MEASURES NEED TO IMPROVISE

Areas in which sanitary More than 25% of the

measures need to improvise respondents stated that the area in
which sanitary measures need to
improvise are campus cleanliness
Water facilities
Water disposal and accessibility to sanitizers.
15%
25% Washroom cleanliness 15% of the respondents stated
15% Campus Cleanliness
that water facilities and water
Accessibiity to Sanitizers
disposal need to improvise.
25% 20%

The pie chart above depicts the

areas in which the educational institutions need to improve the sanitary measures. According to
the data collected the respondents think that the college should invest more effort in the campus
cleanliness and increasing the accessibility to sanitizers. As they both are the most essential to
cope with the current situation of a global pandemic.

3.2. SANITIZERS INSTALLED IN THE CAMPUS

Sanitizers installed in the campus About 70% of the

respondents stated that
30%
Yes No

70%

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 sanitizers are installed in the campus while the remaining 30% stated that sanitizers are
not installed in their campus.

Another crucial measures that all the colleges need to follow and implement is the
installation of sanitizers all around the campus. For this aspect nearly 70% of the sample
have responded positively but the rest 30% have responded no because in college which
have big campus it is not so possible for the management to put out sanitizers everywhere
and also the standard of the college cleanliness plays a big role.

3.3. INTRODUCTION OF NEW REGULATIONS TO BE FOLLOWED

Introduction of new regulations

to be followed In 70% of the colleges, the
college management has taken
serious efforts and has
30% Yes
No
introduced new safety
measures. The remaining 30%
of the respondents stated that
70% there was no new regulations
were introduced.

Following certain rules can aid the process of recovery from the covid-19. like carrying masks,
regularly sanitizing the hands, not crowding in the corridors, and encouraging the students to get
vaccinated.

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3.4. PHYSICAL DISTANCE MAINTAINED IN THE COLLEGE

Physical distance maintained in Out of all the colleges only

the college throughout the day 20% of the respondents felt
70 65% their college is maintaining
60
50
physical distance throughout
40 the day while about 65% of
30 Physical distance
20% maintained in the col- the respondents stated their
20 15% lege throughout the
10 day college follows physical
0
At All In some Not at all distancing only at certain
times areas
times.

In colleges, it is not possible for the students to maintain a set physical distance at all times
because all colleges aren’t well equipped or much spacious to abide to it. But mostly the physical
distancing is practiced inside the campus and crowding is not being encouraged. At the same
time, 15% of the respondents have said that, as the few college campuses is not very spacious
students doesn’t really maintain distance from each other.

Structural changes
made in sanitary ware by 3.5. STRUCTURAL CHANGES
colleges MADE IN SANITARY WARE BY
45%
45 COLLEGE
40
35 30%
30 25%
25
20
15
10
5 9
0
Yes No May be

Structural changes made in sanitary ware by colleges

30% of the respondents stated that structural changes were made by their colleges while about
45% of the respondents stated that no structural colleges were made in their college.

Virus like Covid-19 spreads through touch and close contact. So, in many colleges, to
accommodate the students many changes were made along with the introduction of new rules.
Mainly the sanitary ware is the one which need to be touched to operate it, so instead of using the
hands, in some places like the faucets, sanitizers, etc., sensors or foot pressed were installed for
touch less operation. Not all colleges could do this due to financial constraints.

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 CHAPTER-4
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

Covid-19 guidelines in educational institutions:

 Follow-up of the COVID-19 guidelines by the college

60% of the respondents have answered YES and the rest 40% of the respondents
answered NO.

 The extent of following the COVID-19 guidelines

From the research done only 20% of the colleges are following the Covid-1 guidelines to
the fullest and 20% are following good, 20% are weak and poor and the majority of
colleges are average on this scale.

 The students feeling safe to come to college in the midst of the pandemic

In the midst of pandemic not all would feel completely safe to come to college. Only
30% of the students are feeling safe to come to college and nearly 25% of the respondents
don’t really feel safe in attending the college. The rest 45% are not sure about this
because in college where the hybrid classes are not conducted, the student have the
compulsion to attend their classes physically.

 Physical distance maintained in the college throughout the day

Social and physical distancing is one of the most important guides which needs to be
followed by every one of us. But it is not practically possible for all colleges to make
their staff and students to follow it. In this difficulty few colleges about 20% have
managed to arrange things to always follow physical distancing. Mostly, 65% turns to
follow physical distancing in some areas like canteen, corridors, etc., and in 15% of the
colleges no physical distancing is being followed nor the college management is insisting
the students to follow the same.

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 Changes made in terms of sanitation facilities in Educational Institutions

 The frequency of sanitation of the corridors and furniture

a. In majority of the colleges about 40%, the campus and everything is sanitized
twice a day and on the next level about 35% sanitize once in a day and at the
bottom 10% of the colleges sanitize the campus only once in a couple of days, the
rest 15% does it more often

 The introduction of new regulations to be followed

a. 70% of the respondents have answered YES, meaning that their college is
encouraging them to strictly follow the new regulations that have been introduced
and 30% have said NO, meaning the opposite of the above context.

 Waste disposal by the college and supporting sustainability

a. Only 40% of the colleges are disposing the waste produce properly and promote
sustainability and the rest 60% don’t really dispose the waste properly and are
acting against the green environment.

 Sanitizers installed in the college campus

a. From the data collected only 70% of the colleges have sanitizers installed all
around the campus and in 30% of the colleges there is no adequate access to
sanitizers.

 Awareness about the COVID-19 symptoms and preventive measures among the
staff and students.

a. 85% of the students have the awareness about the COVID-19 symptoms and
preventive measures. 5% are not aware of any of the adverse effect of the corona
virus
b. Maybe- 10%

 Effect of in-sufficient air ventilation on the spread of COVID-19.

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 a. 15% of the sample doesn’t know the fact that insufficient air ventilation will aid
the spread of corona virus but majority of the sample-45% know the effect of
insufficient air ventilation and the rest doesn’t have the right knowledge about the
means which can affect the spread of corona virus especially in college
classrooms.

 Structural changes made in the sanitary ware by the college.

a. Yes- 30%
b. No- 45%

c. Knowing the need of touch less operation of all the sanitary ware, only 30% of the
colleges have taken the situation seriously and made changes in sanitary ware and
25% of the colleges have made few changes and the rest have just the need to
make structural changes in sanitary ware.

Few measures to cope with the pandemic situation

 Areas in which the sanitary measures need to improvise

Out of 100%, 15% of the respondents chose water facilities and water disposal each. 20%
chose washroom cleanliness and campus cleanliness and accessibility to sanitizers were
chosen by 15% of the population each.

 Awareness about the COVID-19 symptoms and preventive measures among

the staff and students.

85% of the students have the awareness about the COVID-19 symptoms and preventive
measures. 5% are not aware of any of the adverse effect of the corona virus

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  Effect of in-sufficient air ventilation on the spread of COVID-19.

15% of the sample doesn’t know the fact that insufficient air ventilation will aid the
spread of corona virus but majority of the sample-45% know the effect of insufficient air
ventilation and the rest doesn’t have the right knowledge about the means which can
affect the spread of corona virus especially in college classrooms.

SUGGESTIONS:

 The implementation of maintaining Physical-Distance in classrooms should be considered by

the college management.
 The availability of Sanitizers and the maintenance of sanitary ware should be improvised.
 The contribution of colleges to sustainability should rise as it is very low.
 As all the students are not fully vaccinated and to prevent the further spread of COVID-19,
colleges should encourage Hybrid- mode of classes.
 Sanitary inspection of public institutions can be done for identifying hygiene and sanitary
problems. It can also help in identifying the stages of development.
 To address the institutional hygiene needs in your area, there should be an operational plan
that can be applied logically.

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 CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION

From the fieldwork and the project, we have done it can be seen evidently that the effect of
corona virus has impacted the programming of the educational institutions and the sanitary
measures. In this, social context public as well as the students should understand and act
responsibly towards and for the wellness of the society. People must learn from communities
about why improved sanitation may elicit negative responses and the positive features of
community values, beliefs and practices which can be harnessed to promote change. Access to
education may increase awareness of the health benefits of improved sanitation technology. The
government and the college management need to think twice before taking any decision related
to the student’s wellness in the pandemic and no one would wish for any loss.

We know the importance of having a healthy and happy staff and student population; after all,
happy students equal a happy life!

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 www.researchgate.net-casestudyonsanitation.com
 www.unhcr.theUNrefugeeagency-watersanitationandhygieneincolleges.com
 https://www.ndtv.com/education/schools-and-colleges-in-tn-resume-physical-
classes-covid-19-sops
 https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indias-covid-19-vaccination-certificate-
recognised-by-96-countries-govt-11636459169222.html
 https://www.unicef.org/georgia/stories/classroom-precautions-during-covid-19
 https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-
education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
 https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1321419/retrieve
 https://www.unicef.org/georgia/stories/classroom-precautions-during-covid-19

 Hetukar Jha, Sanitation in India: Sociological theory, Gyan publishing house,

New Delhi, 2015
 George Moses Price; Handbook on sanitation, 1904
 Theodre Hough, William Thompson and Sedgwick: The Elements of Hygiene and
Sanitation, Ginn &Company, Boston, 2008
 Ashish Saxena: Sociology of sanitation, Kalpaaz Publications, New Delhi, 2015
 Ankur Bisen, Wasted: The messy story of Sanitation in India, A manifesto of
change, Macmillan Publishers, 23 August 2019.
 Phillippe Cullet, Sanitation Law and policy in India: An Introduction to Basic
Instruments, Oxford University Press 2015.

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PICTURE TAKEN
WHILE BRIEFING
ABOUT THE
RESEARCH
PROJECT

PICTURE OF THE

RESPONDENTS STUDYING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTUTIONS AND FOLLOWING

COVID-19 GUIDELINES

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