PREVALENCE OF ASYPTOMATIC URINARY TRACT

INFECTION IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF BENIN IN HALL ONE

BY

OMOZELE GLORIA PETER (MISS)

LSC0903575

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
BENIN CITY

JANUARY, 2014
PREVALENCE OF ASYPTOMATIC URINARY TRACT
INFECTION IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN IN HALL ONE

BY

OMOZELE GLORIA PETER (MISS)

LSC0903575

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS)
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
BENIN CITY,
NIGERIA.

JANUARY, 2014

ii
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project was carried out by Omozele Gloria Peter in the

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin,

Benin City under my supervision.

_______________________ ____________________
Miss. A.V Azih Date
(Project Supervisor)

iii
 APPROVAL

I certify that this project was accepted in partial fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor of Sciences, B.Sc (Hons) in the Department of Microbiology,

University of Benin, Benin City.

_____________________ ___________________
Dr. F.O. Akhaise Date
(Ag. Head of Department)

iv
 DEDICATION

To God Almighty I dedicate this work, who in His infinite mercy showed me

exceedingly great favour and sound health during the course of this work.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My fathomless gratitude to God Almighty for the strength, favour and grace to

finish this work successfully.

My profound gratitude to my project supervisor, Miss A.V. Azih for her

tremendous support, constructive and effective correction. God will continue to

make you best amongst your colleagues. Also to the project coordinator Prof.

(Mrs.) O.I. Enabulele and the lecturers in the Department of Microbiology, for

creating a serene environment for Educational exploration and Academic

excellence.

I appreciate my parents Mr. and Mrs. P. N. Ezenwa for their spiritual, moral and

financial support. I also wish to thank them for their love, care and

understanding. A huge thank you to my elder brothers, Dauda David Ahmedu,

Tijani Ahmedu, and my sisters Ruth Iziegbe Peter, Catherine Onyinye Ezenwa

and my other siblings for their support and encouragement. A special thanks to

Moses Chinedu Okoye my love , Mrs. Evangel Uche Ikwealor, Isaac and

Philimond for their support.

To Blessing, Joseph, Peace, Mohammed, Simon, Linus, Raymond, Stella, Uncle

Nosa, Luminous, Emmanuel, Thelma, Favour, Mark, Uncle Tola, Sikiru, Isaac,

Jerry, Beatrice and my amiable roommates; Amen, Osamede, Blessing,

Stephanie and Chineaye. Thank you all for supporting and directing me during

this project.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover page- - - - - - - - - - i
Title page- - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification - - - - - - - - iii
Approval - - - - - - - - - iv
Dedication - - - - - - - - - v
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - vi
Table of Content - - - - - - - - vii
List of Tables - - - - - - - - ix
Abstract - - - - - - - - - x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Aims and Objective - - - - - - - 2
CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - 3

2.1 Aetiological agents of asymptomatic bacteriuria - - 3

2.2 Epidemiology - - - - - - - - 4

2.3 Prevalence - - - - - - - - 5

2.4 Bacterial attachment mechanism - - - - - 6

2.5 Pathophysiology of ASB - - - - - - 8

2.6 Diagnosis - - - - - - - - 9

2.7 Conditions for screening - - - - - - 9

2.8 Management - - - - - - - - 10

2.9 Treatment - - - - - - - - 10

vii
2.10 Prevention - - - - - - - - 11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Material and methods- - - - - - - 13

3.1 Study area and participants - - - - - - 13

3.2 Sterilization of glass wares - - - - - - 13

3.3 Collections of urine samples - - - - - 13

3.4 Preparation of media - - - - - - - 14

3.5 Macroscopic observation - - - - - - 14

3.6 Microscopic examination - - - - - - 14

3.7 Urine culture - - - - - - - - 15

3.8 Identification and counting of bacterial isolates - - 15

3.9 Gram staining - - - - - - - - 15

3.10 Biochemical test - - - - - - - 16

3.11 Antimicrobial susceptibility test - - - - - 18

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results - - - - - - - - - 19

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion - - - - - - - - 27

5.1 Conclusion and recommendation - - - - - 29

References - - - - - - - - - 30

Appendix A - - - - - - - - - 39

Appendix B - - - - - - - - - 40

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1: Macroscopic appearance of the 100 urine samples

Obtained from the female students - - - 20

2: Bacterial count of urine samples - - - 21

3: Bacteria organisms isolated from urine samples - 22

4: Other organisms observed in urine samples - - 23

5: Microscopic presentation of the urine samples - 24

6: Antibiotic susceptibility Pattern of the Clinical Isolates

Obtained from the Urine Samples - - - 25

7: Cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics

Of bacterial isolates - - - 26

ix
 ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of

asymptomatic bacteriuria among the female students of the
University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, residing in Queen Idia
Hall. Urine samples were collected from 100 female students who
had neither abnormalities of the urinary tract nor shown any
sign of urinary tract infections. Urine samples were cultured on
blood agar and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar, (CLED).
Growth was observed in 54% of the samples, while there was no
growth in 46% of the samples. 40 out of the 54 samples with
growth had no significant growth, while 14 had significant
growth. The bacteria organisms isolated were Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Providencia
species. Candida albican, Schistosoma haematobium, pus cells,
epithelial cells, yeast cells and others were observed during
microscopy. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined and the
different test isolates showed varying zones of inhibition to each
antibiotics. All the bacteria isolates were resistant to Augmentin,
Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime. But very sensitive to Ciprofloxacin
followed by Ofloxacin and Gentamycin, and shown little
sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Cefixime. This study has shown
that some bacterial isolates are more susceptible to treatment
with certain antibiotics than others. This should be considered
for the choice of antibiotics. Health education especially on the
need for improved personal hygiene should be encouraged among
the female students.