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  • Conjugacy: G, Z, Take

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    Bijyalaxmi Mohapatra
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    This document summarizes properties of groups of prime order p. It proves: 1) If G has order p, where p is prime, then either G is cyclic of order p or G is the direct product of two cyclic groups of order p. 2) Groups of order p^2, where p is prime, are abelian. This is shown using the fact that either the center Z(G) has order p or p^2, and applying Lagrange's theorem and the G/Z theorem. 3) The G/Z theorem states that if the quotient group G/Z(G) is cyclic, then G is abelian.

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    This document summarizes properties of groups of prime order p. It proves: 1) If G has order p, where p is prime, then either G is cyclic of order p or G is the direct product of two cyclic groups of order p. 2) Groups of order p^2, where p is prime, are abelian. This is shown using the fact that either the center Z(G) has order p or p^2, and applying Lagrange's theorem and the G/Z theorem. 3) The G/Z theorem states that if the quotient group G/Z(G) is cyclic, then G is abelian.

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    6 views1 page

    Conjugacy: G, Z, Take

    Uploaded by

    Bijyalaxmi Mohapatra
    This document summarizes properties of groups of prime order p. It proves: 1) If G has order p, where p is prime, then either G is cyclic of order p or G is the direct product of two cyclic groups of order p. 2) Groups of order p^2, where p is prime, are abelian. This is shown using the fact that either the center Z(G) has order p or p^2, and applying Lagrange's theorem and the G/Z theorem. 3) The G/Z theorem states that if the quotient group G/Z(G) is cyclic, then G is abelian.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Conjugacy 145

    But [G:C(a)] = G

    so
    eachtermin2[G:C()].has theformp with k2 1. Hence |G|-[G:C(a)]= |Z(G)}, Z(G)
    term on the lef is divisible by p. It follows thatp also divides Z(G)| and 4G) #1
    Proposition -4
    ifG=p. p prime, then either G Z, or G=7, * Z,
    Proof: If G is cyclic, G= Z, and we are done.
    Suppose G is not cyclic. Then only non identity element has order p.
    Ifg*e, Fg>| divides p?, and 1<g>|<p, so g>l=p.
    By Theorem 6.17, we can find g, e Z(G), 8, * e, then
    <g,Z,
    Now take s, e
    G-g, then g,> s Z
    Because g, e Z(G), g, and g, coincide.

    Next, we claim that <g,OS=e.


    In fact g>Og>| divides Ig,>|=p.
    So,either I8,>OB>= | and <g>n8>={e), as desired, or K8>n =ks,and
    S 8= 8 then g, e g , contrary to the construction.
    So, g s8,>= {e}.
    Then is
    gg, a subgroup of Gisomorphic to Z, x
    Z,
    But
    (G=p, so G= <g,O8:4,*
    Proposition -5
    Groups of order p?, are abelian, wherep is prime.
    Proof: If |G| =p* and Z(G) * G then let a e G-Z(G). Then C(a) is a subgroup containing
    both a and Z(G), with |Z(G}} 2 p. by Burnside Theorem. This shows that C(a) = G a contradiction
    Thus Z(G)=G and so G is abelian.
    Alternatively (1)
    By Theorem 6.17 and Lagrange's theorem, |Z(G)) =p or p'
    Ifz(G)=p , then G = Z(G) and G is abelian

    If|Z(G)]=p, then |G/Z{G)]=p, so that G/Z(G) is cyclic.


    But G is abelian, by the G/Z theorem.
    The G/Z Theorem: ILet G be a group and let Z(G) be the center of G. If G/Z(G) is cyclic, than
    G is abelian]

    Alternatively (2)
    Let (G= p?.

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